Satellite Kulumikizana. Malo, machitidwe ndi chitukuko cha mauthenga danga

Masiku ano, n'zosadabwitsa ambiri Kanema mbale pa madenga a nyumba. Satellite Kulumikizana mbe mu moyo wa munthu wamba mwa msewu. Ngakhale m'madera akumidzi tsopano ndi mwayi TV ndi ntchito ntchito Intaneti, pamene kukhala mkulu chizindikiro mlingo. Koma zonsezi chaonekera zikomo zotheka kuti malo danga kulankhula, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

zopezera World

Mu dziko maukonde lero mozungulira dziko. Mu Russia ndi mwayi apamwamba TV chizindikiro umathandiza Federal State Unitary ogwira "Russian Satellite Kulumikizana." Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa waukulu ntchito khumi Kanema mu dziko, ndi zake pakati TV ya psinjika. Komanso, amapereka multiplexing mitsinje digito, amapanga phukusi la mapulogalamu feduro wailesi.

danga chigawo chimodzi

kampaniyo imakhala kuwundana 12 makina ranges onse. Satellite Kuphunzira malo ndi dera lonse la Russia, CIS, Europe, Africa ndi ku Middle East, Australia, North ndi South America ndi dera Asia-Pacific. Yozungulira malo a spacecraft mu Arc yozungulira - kuchokera 14 ° kumadzulo kwa 145 ° kum'mawa longitude.

Mbali lapadziko

Zomangamanga, lomwe ndi pansi - ndi malo asanu aya danga. Iwo zili m'dziko lonse la Russia. Mu ntchito zake kampani chimatsogoleredwa ndi chandamale pulogalamu boma kuti chitukuko cha wailesi latsopano la Russia mu 2009-2018. Osiyanasiyana ntchito ndi lonse:

• kasamalidwe, malo aya ndi polojekiti danga la nyumba ndi magalimoto;
• mauthenga komanso wailesi (wailesi ndi televizioni wailesi, digito ndi Kanema TV) mayiko 52;
• boma ndiponso kulankhulana mutsogoleli wadziko;
• Njovu ndi m'madzi aya.

dongosolo danga kulankhulana

Kufala kwa nkhani pa njira Lapansi - kachipangizo danga ndi kumbuyo ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Danga ntchito telemetry, telefoni, wanthambo, TV kachitidwe. Wotchuka kwambiri dongosolo wailesi. Waukulu zimasiyanitsa mbali ya malo chifukwa cha zinthu zouluka mlengalenga ali motere:

• zikusintha udindo wa spacecraft;
• mosalekeza kusintha chizindikiro pa phwando pafupipafupi;
• zochepa mwachindunji aone zone ndi mfundo pansi kugwirizana;
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu transmitters ili spacecraft ya;
• osiyanasiyana yaikulu kulankhulana.

Development wa Space Kulumikizana

Aliyense akudziwa kuti yoyamba ndi munthu danga anali anazindikira April 12, 1961. Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin anali, mu ndege ake kukhalabe azilandira ziwiri telefoni ndi wanthambo kulankhulana Lapansi ndi spacecraft "Vostok" mu osiyanasiyana mafunde mita ndi decameter.

M'tsogolo, danga kulankhulana ndi nthaka bwino ndipo mu August 1961, pamene ndege ya cosmonaut GS Titov anju kusanduka mafelemu 10 pa mphindi TV chithunzi. Lero, ochiritsira muyezo machitidwe TV ntchito, ndi kufala mtunda wa makilomita 350 miliyoni zokha (pa ndege ku Mars).

Zopangapanga ndi chuma chigawo chimodzi

Akuti Kanema utumiki mu kanjira ndi zaka 15. Panthawi imeneyi, chitukuko cha umisiri watsopano kulankhulana. Kanema wina mu kanjira ndi ndalama kwa $ miliyoni 230, ndipo ntchito mwini - umayendetsedwa efficiently ndi ntchito monga malo yobwereka. Mu Russia, awiri okha mabungwe akuluakulu kuti angakwanitse ndi kachipangizo mu kanjira geostationary - Federal State Unitary ogwira "Russian Satellite Kulumikizana Company" ndi OAO "Gazprom Space Systems".

Mavuto mafunde lalifupi

Radio kulankhulana ndi zinthu danga ndi ndege ili pa mtunda woposa 1000 Km, amachitika osiyanasiyana shortwave. Koma masiku ano, osiyanasiyana izi sikokwanira. The zifukwa motere:

• shortwave popanda chopinga kwambiri akhoza ntchito za zikwi wailesi ndi ntchito zawo lero mu nthawi zina zambiri.
• Kuchuluka phokoso mlingo amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito transmitters wamphamvu kwambiri.
• Mphunzitsi chilema cha chotero osiyanasiyana - multipath kafalitsidwe ndi zotsatira za chizindikiro kuchepa mphamvu pa wolandila lapansi. Izi zimapangitsa zosatheka kulankhula osiyanasiyana izi si ataliatali kwambiri.

Kopitilira muyeso-lalifupi yoweyula osiyanasiyana zochepa zitadzaza, koma phwando ikuchitika yekha mu zone ya aone.

Kuchoka - makina

Kukhalapo kwa repeater chizindikiro mu mlengalenga, ndicho makina, amapereka moyenera atsegula njira zatsopano pa chitukuko cha mauthenga danga. Zidzakhala kupezera kulankhulana odalirika ndi zinthu zakutali ku malo ndi kuphimba nkhope ya dziko otetezedwa ndi kuulutsa msana gululi. Makina yogwira ndi chabe repeaters mbendera angathe kuikidwa, ndi makina okha ikhoza kukhala n'kupuma (atathana wachibale padziko lapansi) ndi zouluka pa m'mipita otsika.