Salvation Union - zoyenera za maphunziro ndi mbiri ya chitukuko

Chinsinsi choyamba cha mabungwe a Decembrists amtsogolo anali Salvation Union, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa December 1816. Mzindawu poyamba unkatchedwa "Society of True True and Children of the Landland".

Nchiyani chomwe chinapangitsa kuti bungwe lachinsinsi ili likhalepo? Boma la Russia litabwerera kudziko lina, akuluakulu a alonda ambiri adadziwa kuti wina akhoza kukhala bwino, popeza adadziŵa bwino za ndale za Ulaya, ndi njira ndi moyo wawo. Ichi chinali cholimbikitsira chilengedwe cha Union of Salvation. Ndani anakhala oyamba? Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, oyang'anira alonda, kuphatikizapo AN Muravyov, Prince S. Trubetskoi, ndi Muravyovs adayambapo. Iwo anali mamembala a Sacred ndi Semenovskaya artel. Kuwonjezera pa anthu otchulidwa pamwambapa, Pavel Pestel, Nikita Muraviev, Major Lunin ndi Colonel F. Glinka anachita nawo bungwe la Salvation Union. Anthu oyambirira anali anthu pafupifupi 30. Anthu a bungwe adziyika okha ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo la malamulo;
• Kuthetsedwa kwa autocracy;
• Kuthetsedwa kwa serfdom.

Komabe, zolinga zawo zinali zosatheka, chifukwa zochita zawo ndi chikhalidwe chawo sichinafotokozedwe momveka bwino: ena adapereka chigawenga, ena adapereka malemba kuti apereke zikhalidwe zawo kwa tsara yatsopano. Kotero, bungwe lachinsinsi lotchedwa Salvation Union linali lisanakonzekere kuchitapo kanthu.

Pa maziko a gulu loyamba la Decembrists zaka ziwiri kenako, mu 1818, bungwe latsopano lachinsinsi, Union of Prosperity, linalengedwa. Nthaŵi zina anthuwa anali ochuluka kwambiri kuposa oyambirira ndipo analipo pafupifupi 200 anthu. Mgwirizano wa Chipulumutso ndi mgwirizano wa ubwino unathandizira kwambiri mbiri ya Russia. Gulu lachiwiri lachinsinsi la Decembrists kale linali ndi chikhazikitso chake ndi pulogalamu. Nchiyani chinatsutsidwa ndi mamembala ake? Choyamba, dongosolo lovomerezeka la Russia; Chachiwiri, lamulo lokhazikika la eni nyumba, serfdom ndi chiphuphu; Chachitatu, iwo ananyoza akuluakulu a boma chifukwa cha moyo wovuta wa anthu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti adagwiritsa ntchito ndakatulo ya Pushkin yachinyamata kuti afotokoze maganizo awo polimbikitsa maganizo.

Bungwe la Welfare linapanga ntchito yabwino. Mu 1820 panali chisokonezo pakati pa asilikali, pansi pa akuluakulu a tsarist. Olamulira a Alonda, omwe ndi Semenovsky, anakana kumvera, ndipo popanda chilolezo chinafika ku malo oyambirira a anazale. Chisangalalo choterocho chinayamba mu gulu la tsarist kwa nthawi yoyamba, kotero omvera mwa mtundu uwu wopanduka adalangidwa ngati opandukira mwaukali.

Komabe, ntchito ya asilikaliyo inatsimikizira kwa mfumu kuti kusakhutira kwa ankhondo kukukula, kutanthauza kuti kusintha kumafunika. M'chaka chomwecho, bungwe limasankha kulimbana ndi ulamuliro wa dziko la Russia ku Russia. Iwo asintha pulogalamu ndi njira. Kusintha uku kunapangitsa kuti kulengedwa kwa magulu a kumpoto ndi kumwera.

Mgwirizano wa Chipulumutso ndiwo bungwe loyamba lachinsinsi la a Decembrists. Anthuwa anali ndi chiyambi cha nthawi ya kusintha kwabwino. Iwo anali mamembala a Union of Salvation omwe pambuyo pake adakhala nawo pa chipwirikiti cha Senate Square ku St. Petersburg.