Russian ojambula zithunzi za m'ma 18. Zojambulazo zabwino za amisiri Russian m'ma 18

m'ma 18 - nthawi imene munali zinasintha kwambiri muzochitika zonse: zandale, zachikhalidwe, pagulu. Europe ndi kupanga ndi chithunzi Russian a Mitundu latsopano: malo, mbiri yakale, kunyumba. Zosatheka njira ya kupenta amakhala osakhala. Munthu wamoyo - ngwazi ndi chonyamulira cha zolinga zokongoletsa za nthawi.

Mu mbiri ya luso la m'ma 18 anatsetsereka nthawi utoto zithunzi. Ndi chithunzi chanu ngati chirichonse kuchokera mfumukazi ku boma mwachizolowezi kuchokera kuchigawo chimenecho.

mumaganiza European ndi chithunzi Russian

Wotchuka ojambula zithunzi Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 18 anakakamizika kutsatira Western mafashoni pa behest a Peter, amene ankafuna Europeanize Russia. Iye Ufumuyo zofunika kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha luso labwino, ndipo tinakonza kumanga bungwe apadera.

ojambula zithunzi Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 18 kukulitsa njira yatsopano ya kupenta European ndi za pa nsalu zokha ayi wake osati mafumu, komanso boyars zosiyanasiyana, amalonda, makolo, amene anayesa kusunga ndi mafashoni ndipo amapereka kawirikawiri kwa amisiri wa m'deralo kujambula chithunzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo amisiri a nthawi imeneyo kuyesera zathu zithunzi za zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku, zinthu za zovala dziko, chikhalidwe ndi zina zotero. Tcheru ankafunitsitsa mipando mtengo, Miphika lalikulu, mikanjo yapamwamba, chidwi kuika. Images anthu a nthawi anazindikira lero monga nkhani ndakatulo ya amisiri nthawi yake.

Koma zimatsutsana Mosiyana zithunzi zosiyana aluso Russian wa zithunzi 18 m'zaka za anapempha amisiri yachilendo. Ndi ponena kuti maphunziro a Russian ojambula zithunzi anaitanidwa ojambula zithunzi ochokera m'mayiko ena ofunika.

mitundu ya zithunzi

Chiyambi cha m'ma 18 zinali zodzaza ndi amisiri kutembenuka chithunzi kuti poluparadnym ndi mitundu chapadenga cha chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo. Zithunzi amisiri theka lachiwiri la m'ma 18, chimayambitsa mitundu monga patsogolo, poluparadny, chipinda, wapamtima.

Front view chithunzi ndi wosiyana ndi chithunzi anthu ena kakulidwe zonse. Luster mwanaalirenji - onse zovala ndi zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Poluparadny view - chithunzichi wa chitsanzo cha bondo kapena m'chiuno kwambiri.

Ngati munthu akufotokozedwa ndi maziko ndale pa chifuwa kapena m'chiuno - ndiye mtundu wa chithunzi amatchedwa chipinda.

Lapamtima chithunzi view kumafuna pamtima dziko lamkati la ngwazi za chithunzi, maziko sakutchulidwa.

zithunzi chithunzi

Nthawi zambiri ojambula zithunzi Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 18 anakakamizika kuyika mu kasitomala ndi chithunzi chithunzi chifaniziro cha iye yekha, koma wosati chifaniziro enieni. Zinali zofunika kuganizira maganizo a anthu pa izi kapena munthu ameneyo. ofufuza ambiri akhala anapeza kuti ulamuliro waukulu pa nthawi imeneyo sanali kwambiri ndi chifaniziro cha munthu pamene iye anali mu mfundo iliyonse nkhani ya zimene iye ankafuna kuti akhale ndi kuti mwina chinyezimiro chake yabwino. Ndiko kuti, mu zithunzi za munthu aliyense ayesa kusonyeza monga abwino kwambiri.

The ojambula zithunzi loyamba

Russian ojambula zithunzi za m'ma 18, mndandanda wa zomwe ambiri ang'ono - izo, makamaka I. N. Nikitin, AP Antropov, F. S. Rokotov, IP Argunov, VL Borovikovsky, D . G. Levitsky.

Mwa ojambula zithunzi zoyambirira za m'ma 18 ndi Petrine nyengo - Nikitin maina Antropov, Argunov. Ntchito ya amisiri woyamba Russian anali negligible m'ma 18. Iwo analipo yekha kulemba chiwerengero chachikulu cha zithunzi achifumu, zithunzi za olemekezeka Russian. Russian ojambula zithunzi za m'ma 18 - ndi zithunzi mbuye. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri iwo Kungoti kuthandiza amisiri ena kujambula makoma a ambiri zachifumu, kutulutsa zokongola ed.

Dzina la zojambulajambula Ivan Nikitich Nikitin angapezeke mu makalata a Peter Ine ndi mkazi wake. dzanja lake limabweretsa chithunzi cha mfumu, Chancellor G. I. Golovina. Mu chithunzi wake wa Hetman kanthu yokumba. Mtundu ndi sanasinthe ngakhale tsitsi kapena zovala bwalo. wojambula anasonyeza Hetman monga mwa moyo. Ndi mu choonadi cha moyo anaika mwayi waukulu zithunzi Nikitin.

Antropov zilandiridwenso ukupezeka zithunzi za Cathedral St. Andrew ku Kiev ndi zithunzi mu Synod. ntchito izi kusiyana ndi chizolowezi wojambula ku chikasu, maolivi wobiriwira, chifukwa iye ndi zojambulajambula amene ankaphunzira ndi ambuye a iconography. Zina mwa ntchito yake yotchuka - zithunzi za Elizabeth, Peter Ine, Mfumukazi Troubetzkoy, Ataman F. Krasnoshchekova. Zilandiridwenso Antropov nawo mu mwambo wa kupenta choyambirira Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 17, ndi malamulo wa zojambulidwa Petrine nyengo.

Ivan Petrovich Argunov - kudziwika dziko portraitist Sheremetiev. zithunzi wake ali kaso kaimidwe zithunzi za anthu ali ndi ufulu ndi mafoni, onse pa ntchito yake molondola ndi chabe. Iye ndiye mlengi wa zithunzi wolimba umene udzakhala wolimba. ntchito yofunika wa mmisiri: zithunzi za Catherine II, banjali Sheremetyevo, P. B. Sheremeteva ana.

Musaganize kuti pa nthawi imeneyo panalibe yaitali polemba chinenero chilichonse mu Russia, koma chachikulu ojambula zithunzi Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 18 ntchito yofunika kwambiri analenga akadali mtundu wanyimbo wa portraiture.

Pachimake pa chithunzi polemba chinenero cha m'ma 18 inali ntchito ya Rokotoff, Levitsky ndi Borovikovsky. Munthu mu chithunzi cha wojambula woyenera kuzizwa chidwi ndi ulemu. Anthu oganiza amachita chizindikiro cha zithunzi zawo.

Fedor Stepanovich chimvula (1735-1808 biennium).

Pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika za Fedor Rokotov, Russian zojambulajambula wa 18 m'ma mpanda wolimba wa Prince Ivan Repnin. Zithunzi za akazi wojambula akulemba pang'onopang'ono mpweya. Mumtima kukongola Rokotov kwambiri anazindikira ndi kuwamvetsa, ndipo amapeza njira yomasulira pa chinsalu cha. Ngakhale zithunzi chowulungika bwino wosakhwima ndi kaso maonekedwe a akazi.

The polemba chinenero chachikulu cha ntchito yake - poluparadny chithunzi. Mwa ntchito zake - zithunzi za Grigory Orlov ndi Peter III, Mfumukazi Yusupov ndi Prince Paulo Petrovich.

Dmitri Grigor'evich Levitsky (1735-1822 biennium).

Wotchuka Russian zojambula za m'ma 18 - Dmitriy Grigorevich Levitsky, wophunzira wa A. Antropov, kodi lotero analanda ndi recreate mu zojambula wake limati maganizo makamaka anthu. Kufotokoza wolemera, ikhala zoona ndi osakondera, zithunzi wake kukusalani servility ndi mabodza. dzanja lake limabweretsa zikutipatsa zithunzi za anthu akulu kwa zaka za m'ma 18. Izo zinali mu perete chithunzi Levitsky amadziŵika monga mbuye wawo. Iye akupezani kugwedeza limaonetseratu, manja, kusonyeza olemekezeka. Russian mbiri mwa anthu - kotero nthawi zambiri amatchedwa zilandiridwenso Levitsky.
Chithunzi, zojambulidwa ndi zithunzi chithunzicho ya M. A. Lvovoy, E. I. Nelidovoy, N. I. Novikova, banja Mitrofanov.

Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky (1757-1825 biennium).

Russian ojambula zithunzi 18-19 m'ma yodziwika ndi pempho kwa otchedwa chimatsogoleredwa chithunzi. Zojambulajambula Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky analemba atsikana woganiza amene zithunzi ake amasonyeza kuwala mitundu, ali airy ndiponso osalakwa. heroine kwake - osati Russian wamba akazi zovala za makolo komanso akazi anthu mkulu. Zithunzi Naryshkina Lopukhina Mfumukazi Suvorova, Arsenyev. Zithunzi zingapo ofanana, koma n'zosatheka kuiwala. zithunzi izi kusiyana ndi zilembo chodabwitsa suoneka opatsirana, pafupifupi imperceptible zokumana makamaka maganizo ndi kaphatikizidwe mafano onse kumverera wachifundo. Mu ntchito zake Borovikovsky limasonyeza kukongola onse akazi a nthawi imeneyo.

Borovykovs'kogo cholowa ndi yosiyanasiyana ndi yaikulu. Pali mu ntchito yake monga zithunzi yokhala ndi kakang'ono ndi wolimba zojambula. Mwa mabuku wotchuka Borovikovsky anakhala zithunzi V. A. Zhukovskogo, G. R. Derzhavina, A. B. Kurakina ndi Paulo I.

Zojambula za akatswiri Russian

Zojambula za amisiri Russian m'ma 18 analembedwa ndi chikondi cha munthu, dziko mumtima mwake ndi kulemekeza makhalidwe abwino. Kalembedwe aliyense wojambula pa dzanja limodzi, osiyana kwambiri, ina - angapo mbali ofanana ndi ena. mfundo imeneyi kumatanthauza kalembedwe chomwecho zomwe zikutsindika za chikhalidwe cha luso Russian m'nthawi ya 18.

Kwambiri zojambula wotchuka wa ojambula zithunzi Russian m'ma 18:

1. "Young zojambulajambula". Theka lachiwiri la 1760s lapansi. Author Ivan Firsov - kwambiri chachinsinsi wojambula kwa zaka za m'ma 18. kupenta limasonyeza mnyamata yunifolomu amene anafotokozera msungwana wamng'ono wokongola.
2. "Onditsanzikira a Hector ndi Andromache", 1773 Author Anton Pavlovich Losenko. Chithunzi chotsiriza cha chithunzicho. Iwo amaonetsera nkhani ya nyimbo chimodzi "Iliad" wa Homer.
3. "Stone Bridge mu Gatchina malo wapolisi" 1799-1801 gg. Wolemba Umuna Fedorovich Schedrin. pachithunzipa amasonyeza view malo.

ndipo komabe

ojambula zithunzi Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 18 kufunabe kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi choonadi ndi tanthauzo lenileni la anthu, ngakhale zinthu serfdom ndi zilakolako za makasitomala olemera. Polemba chinenero cha chithunzi cha m'ma 18 ophatikizidwa mbali imodzi ya anthu Russian.

Mosakayikira, tikhoza kunena kuti, ngati luso zithunzi za m'ma 18 akhoza kutengera chikhalidwe European, pambuyo pa zonse, kwachititsa kuti chitukuko cha miyambo Russian dziko.