Retarder - ndichiyani? Retarder - retarder

Retarder. Chimene icho chiri, si onse bwino chabe kwa mutuwo. Mu English, mawuwa amatanthauza "mtsogoleri". Izo ntchito zosiyanasiyana za sayansi ndi mafakitale zipangizo mayunitsi, kapena zinthu inhibiting otaya mphamvu ya ndondomeko. Pankhani munda wa luso lopanga retarder amatanthauza chipangizo kuti waikidwa pa magalimoto ndi cholinga liwiro liwiro kuyenda popanda kapena ndi ntchito tsankho la waukulu dongosolo braking.

Kodi zothandiza mtsogoleri?

Kufunika ntchito zoletsa chifukwa chakuti mu zikhalidwe za kuvutika maganizo kwakukulu pa waukulu dongosolo ananyema kudalirika ndi dzuwa la otsiriza ali kwambiri yafupika lomwe lili kungasokoneze chitetezo. Monga ulamuliro, inakwaniritsidwa magalimoto katundu ntchito, ndi sitima, amene kusunthira mu nkhope Yokwerera zonse ndi mibadwo m'misewu phiri.

Tiyeni tione zinthu zenizeni, amene amathandiza fotokozani chifukwa pali retarder. Kutsika phiri, dalaivala ali ndi zonse m'mbuyo kukhalabe liwiro zonse. Izi katundu yaitali pa dongosolo mikangano ananyema kumabweretsa kutenthedwa ake ndipo avale msanga. Mbali yoyamba, nthawi yocheza wapatali paulendowu kulola kuti kuziziritsa mabuleki wachiwiri - kuwonjezeka gawo zamtengo wapatali kwa kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto.

Kufunika kupeza zina deceleration gwero nawonso anakopeka ndi chakuti ndi mphamvu ndi liwiro la magalimoto zikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse. Mwachitsanzo, lorry kusiya kwa liwiro la 80 km / h amafuna maulendo 4 wamkulu braking mphamvu kuposa amasiya yake ku 40 km / h. Ndi zovuta kugwirizana kuti likupezeka ndi kudziwa momwe ntchito retarder, dalaivala akuona chikhulupiriro ndi wamtendere.

Mbiri ya retarder ndi

Nthumwi zofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya retarder anatulukira ndi German kampani Voith. Kuyesa kutsatira mfundo kugwiridwa ndi mtsogoleri kuchokera kotala chachiwiri Mu zaka zapitazo, ndi dongosolo lake loyamba kuti chitukuko izo walandira mu 50s mochedwa ku kampani yopanga lalikulu la sitima sitima. Pa bwinobwino ntchito mu 1961, Voith amalenga kupatukana wagawo wake, amene lero imakhazikika mwapadera mu kumasulidwa retarders.

patatha zaka zisanu Voith mapulani bungwe la anayambitsa woyamba Setra retardants galimoto matayala. Choncho Setra anafuna kwambiri pa mlingo wa chitetezo wa zoyendera m'basimo ndi mabasi awo. Zinthu zatsopano kuchokera Voith anakumana timayembekezera ndipo anayamba ndi anthu ambiri pakati automakers ena. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana otsiriza, madalaivala a magalimoto katundu tili ndi chithunzithunzi cha zimene retarder magalimoto ndi mabasi, komanso mwachangu ntchito makina pa ntchito zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku.

The zosiyanasiyana Oyang'anira

Kuti monga retarders ndi injini braking, ndi utsi ananyema. Komabe, mawu akuti "retarder" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa mayunitsi munthu, amene anaika pa migodi pagalimoto olimbana kapena HIV. Pali mitundu ingapo ya retarders. Pamene iwo anawagawa pulayimale ndi sekondale, malingana ndi malo unsembe. Pulayimale anakonza PPC, ndi sekondale - pambuyo. Mu retarders yaikulu drawback chimodzi alipo. Pa nthawi ya kusintha zida, iye sikusokoneza ndimakokedwe, ndi mphamvu ananyema mawilo kusiyiratu. Malinga ndi mfundo ya retarders ndi anawagawa hydrodynamic ndi electrodynamic.

The retarder hydrodynamic

zambiri kuposa ena magalimoto lolemera akhoza kukumana ndi retarder hydrodynamic. Chiyani komanso mmene ntchito, kudzakhala kosavuta losavuta kumvetsa amene amadziwa chipangizo zodziwikiratu kufala. Maziko a retarder hydrodynamic pa mfundo za lumikiza madzimadzi. Amapanga, makina ndizo matayala ndi masamba nkhafi ndikupita oyenerera mu nyumba wamba kwa wina ndi mzake. Mmodzi wa magudumu ali sankalimbana nafe atathana mkati, ndipo chachiwiri, amene amagwirizana ndi kutsinde galimoto amatha atembenuza.

Pa nthawi pamene danga retarder pakati pa masamba ladzala ndi madzi. Mphamvu centrifugal zikuchitika pa kasinthasintha wa ozungulira ndi, amamuchititsa aithamangitse izo kunja, pamene stator vane zina ndi ndondomeko iyi ndi kupereka yankho retarding kwenikweni. M'chigawo kutali, pamene madzimadzi mu retarder nyumba uko, masamba atembenuza momasuka ndipo sindikufuna kucheza.

Nthawi zambiri, mafuta ntchito ngati ntchito madzimadzi. Mu ena mayunitsi mafuta ndi kudzikonda zili ndi ena - amagwirizana ndi dongosolo kufala kondomu. kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwaiye mu ndondomeko ya retarder lapansi. Malinga ndi lamulo la kusamala mphamvu, ndi samatha mphindi zimene zimatenga retarder, ndi anatembenukira kwa kutenthetsa kuti aukitsa kutentha kwa madzimadzi ntchito. Choncho, kwa imayenera kutentha kutengerapo retarder chikugwirizana ku dera yaikulu ya dongosolo injini kuzirala.

Electrodynamic retarder. Ndi chiyani icho?

Pa ofanana mfundo ntchito ndi electrodynamic retarder. Kodi ndi mmene amalimbanirana ndi ntchito yake, akhoza kuphunzira ponena za malamulo a electrodynamics. chipangizo ali ndi ozungulira ndi stator, ndi braking makokedwe kwaiye chifukwa cha mogwirizana awo. Ndizo basi gawo madzi mu zamagetsi-maginito masewero Oyang'anira. Pambuyo kusintha pa batire panopa amalowa retarder stator magetsi kumulowetsa kupanga ya maginito imene ozungulira imazungulira. Akutulukira mafunde zimakochezapo kulenga munda mosiyana amapanga stator ndi ozungulira amapeza retarding makokedwe.

Monga hydrodynamic retarders kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kutentha pa ntchito. Kutenthedwa mu aggregates zimenezi zimachititsa wotsikirapo Mwachangu ndi wolephera ake. Ntchito kuzirala madzi retarder mu atomu zifukwa zoonekeratu, ndi kovuta. Choncho, kapangidwe chipangizo zikuphatikizapo pali zinthu akuchita ntchito kuteteza ndi kutenthedwa. Wheel anakonza pa masamba ozungulira, chimene zimayenda amalenga Mpweya dissipating kutentha kwaiye. Komanso retarders electrodynamic Amawapatsa panopa dongosolo malire kotunga vuto la kutenthedwa.

Intarder ndi akvatarder

Pamwamba ndi zofunika mitundu retarders. Pa maziko awo, okonza ndi kulenga ingapezeke retarders kuti angatchedwe zotsogola zitsanzo zachikhalidwe. The kampani ZF, mtsogoleri msika European yopanga mbali ndi mbali HIV, Mwachitsanzo, Integrated retarder mkati ulendo, ndipo anaitana mfundo imeneyi intarder.

German Voith nawonso, ndi kuyesa malo a retarder pa galimoto ndi zikuchokera madzimadzi ntchito. Chimodzi mwa zochitika - akvatarder - retarder, amene anapereka kutsogolo kwa injini ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zoletsa kuwuma ngati chamadzimadzi ntchito. retarder wotero amene ntchito mfundo palibe kusiyana kwa chipangizo ina hydrodynamic salinso ayenera simuchita kuzirala, amene kwambiri zimatithandiza kapangidwe ndi amachepetsa zithetsedwe kulemera.