Red steppe mtundu wa ng'ombe: makhalidwe, photos, makamaka kuswana

Red steppe mtundu mkaka ng'ombe malangizo limanenedwa ngati imodzi yabwino ku Soviet Union. Ziweto ali mwangwiro ndinazolowera nyengo youma woyendera nthambi steppe. Chiwerengero cha mtundu ziweto dziko ndi kotala chachiwiri m'dera la Ukraine ndi Russia. Ng'ombe za mtundu umenewu tingaupeze Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, ndi Caucasus.

nkhani

mbiri kuswana kunayamba m'ma 18 panobe. Ngakhale ambiri steppes lalikulu msipu nyama kukhala zolimba mtima kwambiri, koma ndi zokolola otsika. Mwachirengedwe - ndi madera kum'mwera kwa Ukraine, yeniyeni, m'dera Zaporozhye. Ukuimira kuti mtundu uwu anabadwa pa gombe la mitsinje ya mkaka.

Kuonjezera zokolola chofunika kuponyedwa mwazi mkulu nyama ololera. Red steppe mtundu ng'ombe (chithunzi m'lembali) ndi maganizo chiyambi. Akatswiri agwirizana mu m'modzi yekha - pakulengedwa nawo ng'ombe ecdemic. Pali ziphunzitso zambiri zokhudza anayambira:

• njira panayikidwa pang'ono zogwira mtanda ubereki Great Chiyukireniya ndi sulfure mitundu (onse wamba) ndi ng'ombe wofiira German;
• ndi m'deralo zimasokoneza kwathu, kumene chinapangidwa zaka 150 zapitazo ndipo ikutchedwa "kolonistskoy wofiira" kapena "German Red", dzina analandira kuchokera wake - eni atsamunda German;
• ndi mtanda pakati pa ng'ombe Swiss ndi Franconian;
• ndi mtanda pakati pa nyama zina - ndi tronderskoy angelnskoy;
• kuipidwa interbreeding m'dera imvi Chiyukireniya ng'ombe ndi wofiira ostfrizslyandskoy poyamba, ndiyeno wina ndi angelnskoy, vilstermarshskoy ndi ena Mitundu European.

Chifukwa m'ma 19 kumayambirilo a khamu mokwanira anthu homogeneous kuchepetsedwa "a". Mtundu anawalemba mu 1923, anayamba kukula mu minda kuswana wa USSR kale. Red steppe mtundu wa ng'ombe Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, chiwerengero cha ziweto si kugwa m'munsimu malo lachitatu.

kuswana

Creation ndipo pofuna kukwaniritsa Mitundu ntchito mwakhama. Iwo inextricably zogwirizana chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma a boma, ndipo ankaimba yofunika mbiri. Yotero ndi ng'ombe wofiira steppe zimasokoneza. Makamaka kuswana pa magawo oyambirira anali motere:

• anasankhidwa kupanga mkaka;
• kuwasankha nyama pa malo oyendetsera dziko;
• atabadwa ng'ombe yomweyo anamutenga ndi razdaivali ng'ombe wopanda mwana wa mbuzi;
• Alendowa anawatsimikizira kugwirizana kwambiri pakati pa zokolola ndi suti (ankaganiza kuti ng'ombe ofiira ndi red-bulauni mtundu kupereka zokolola kwambiri), ndipo anasankha ng'ombe ndi ngakhale pa mfundo imeneyi.

The chifukwa cha yaitali (zaka zoposa 100) kusankha zina nyengo wakhala chilengedwe mtundu gulu steppe ng'ombe Hardy mkaka wofiira suti ndi kunja khalidwe ndi zokolola ndi mkulu.

Misa mechanization milking njira chofunika kusintha ziweto monga i wa mawonekedwe a udder ndi kuonjezera zokolola mkaka. Mu 60s wa mzaka zana makumi awiri wofiira steppe ng'ombe anali kuphimba ng'ombe Angler. Kusankha nyama zimenezi si mwangozi:

• Choyamba, miyala ndi chibadwa banja;
• Kachiwiri, ndi mtundu wofanana wa kagayidwe;
• Chachitatu, iwo ali mbali imodzi ya zokolola;
• mu chachinayi, angler anthu ndi mkaka mkulu, anthu ambiri mafuta zili mu mkaka, chofunika kwambiri thupi, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - bwino ndinazolowera makina milking.

M'tsogolo, miyala anagwira magazi kuponya-Chidanishi. Mu hybrids ndi 90 zitatu pedigree anapereka zokolola za inayi ndi theka malita zikwi za mkaka ndi mafuta zili 3,82%. Osati udindo wotsiriza mu mapangidwe maonekedwe lero nyama ankaimba Holsteins. Aliyense mtundu wasiya chizindikiro chake:

• ng'ombe Red steppe - kupirira ndi kusinthasintha kwa zinthu kuwatsekela;
• Angler - kusinthasintha kwa udder ndi amaposa amanena mafuta;
• "Danes" - kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaitali ubwenzi ndi mkulu zokolola;
• Holsteins - lalikulu thupi, bwino udder mawonekedwe ndinazolowera makina milking.

mbali

Pakali pano, nyama ndi pakati zabwino Ukraine, Russia ndi Kazakhstan. ndi Red steppe mtundu ng'ombe chiyani? mbali:

• zimaŵetedwa ku zaka 18-19 mu Ukraine;
• mtundu zokolola - mkaka;
• ndife thupi youma, wamphamvu malamulo;
• ng'ombe moyo kulemera - makilogalamu 900, ng'ombe - 400-500 makilogalamu;
• kulemera kwa ng'ombe pobadwa: ng'ombe - 27-30 makilogalamu, ng'ombe - 35-40 makilogalamu;
• Wapakati zokolola za mwala - 3 500-4 000 makilogalamu (Plemreproductor - 4 500-6 000 kg), ndi mafuta zili 3.5%;
• ntchito zachuma - 4,74 mkaka wa m'mawere;
• umalandira kuswana zaka anapiye kwa miyezi 18, ndi kulemera moyo wa makilogalamu 320-350.

zokolola

Red steppe ng'ombe zimasokoneza kwa zokolola mkaka ndi wabwino. Imabala pafupifupi mkaka zokolola ranges kuchokera 3500 kuti makilogalamu 4000 mkaka. Kuswana minda amadwala: ndikofunikira pafupifupi kuyambira 4000 mpaka 5000 makilogalamu, rekordistki angathe kupereka kwa malita khumi ndi zikwi za mkaka, okhutira mafuta kungakhale kwa 5%.

Zokolola zimadalira khalidwe la msipu ndi nthawi ya nyengo odyetserako. Zotsatira yabwino kukwaniritsa mu zone ya steppe. Ziweto chonde kwa zaka zitatu ndi mkazi wosakwatiwa akhoza kupeza mbewu anayi. Kutulukira pakati calving ndi pang'ono kuposa chaka (380 masiku). Popewa choyambitsa ku ng'ombe 40 masiku 60.

Nyama khalidwe la mtundu ali wochepa, kupha zokolola si upambana 50%. Pamene akulimbana kudzinenepetsa ng'ombe index kuchuluka nyama zokolola, koma pang'ono kwambiri. nyama mafupa opepuka, ndi minofu bwino anakamba. Kukula nyama ya ng'ombe si chuma opindulitsa.

kunja

Chitsanzo mbali kunja khalidwe la nyama mkaka ali wofiira steppe mtundu ng'ombe. Kufotokozera za kunja:

• umafota kutalika - 127-132 masentimita;
• pachifuwa girth -183-190 masentimita;
• oblique kutalika - 154-160 masentimita;
• metacarpus - 18-19 masentimita;
• mtundu ku kuwala kofiira kuti chitumbuwa mdima, kulemba woyera zodyedwa;
• minofu ndi underdeveloped;
• thupi okhota, elongated;
• youma khosi, chopapatiza;
• mutu kuunika, pang'ono elongated;
• kumbuyo yaitali ndi yosalala;
• mapazi amphamvu, youma;
• pachifuwa yopapatiza, chakuya;
• udder sing'anga-kakulidwe glandular.

chisamaliro

Red steppe mtundu ng'ombe ndi osiyana ruggedness ndi anatengera mofulumira kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. ziweto:

• Zaka. Njira - ufulu odyetserako ku ziweto. Location - mkati makilomita 2 ochokera kumunda. Iwo amakhala okonzeka ndi canopies ndi kuthirira. Nthawi zambiri amachita msasa chilimwe, ndi mfundo milking.
• Zima-khola nthawi. Zifuyo zimasungidwa m'nkhokwe stanchion kapena nyumba lotayirira. Zokwaniritsa ayenera kutsatira zoogigieny.
• Kudyetsa. Podyera chofunika kuona kuti nyama ndi chakudya chokwanira, ngati n'koyenera, kudyetsedwa mbewu muzu ndi nyama chakudya. Zima chakudya maziko - udzu, chakudya ndi anawonjezera kachitsotso ntchito silage (zosaposa 25% ya chakudya), mizu, ndipo kwenikweni monga zowonjezera mchere chakudya monga yowutsa mudyo.
• Kupewa matenda. Katemera yolimbana ndi matenda opatsirana.
• Kusamalira. Nthawi kuchotsedwa zakhudzana ubweya nyama iliyonse udder kukama mkaka bwinobwino osambitsidwa pamaso odyetserako nthawi anachita kudulira nyanga ndi ziboda.

Features

Nyama za mtundu umenewu ndi kukhala ndi farmsteads munthu mu malo Union. Ndi wotchuka kwambiri makamaka ku mabacteria ndi steppe la Ukraine ndi Kazakhstan mu Altai, kum'mwera Russia. Red steppe mtundu ng'ombe (ndemanga za eni kulabadira izo) ndi Hardy kwambiri ndi bwino ndinazolowera zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana nyengo. Bwinobwino kulekerera youma yotentha ndi yotentha.

kutsindika makhalidwe a mtundu wa:

• chitetezo chokwanira wamphamvu amapulumutsa nyama mliri wa ulimi mkaka - khansa;
• mofulumira acclimatization;
• kuphweka amanena;
• kupirira kwambiri;
• Good Kuyankha patsogolo nyumba ndi kudya;
• mkulu zakudya ndi kulawa mkaka.

Kuchokera mayina akale, lero alipo mu thanthwe, inu mukhoza kuweruza mlingo wa kutchuka kwa mtundu wa: Chiyukireniya Kuban, Chikazaki, West Siberia, kulundayskoe (Altai).

malekodi

Mu ochepa chabe makumi-rekordistok ng'ombe ndiwo anawerengedwa theka zotsiriza ya atumwi ndi zizindikiro:

• pa mkaka wa m'mawere pa 10 000 makilogalamu zolinga -14;
• makilogalamu 9000-9999 pa mkaka wa m'mawere - 32 mutu.

Mkaka mafuta okhutira osachepera 3,69%. Zambiri za zomera kuswana ziweto chakula Ukraine ndi Kazakhstan. Sizachilendo kwa mabanja ngati gulu la ng'ombe mkaka zokolola mlingo wa makilogalamu 6000. Red steppe ng'ombe mtundu monyadira rekordistkami chodabwitsa:

• Mkuntho 6070:

- zokolola - 10 170 makilogalamu;

- mafuta zili - 4.0%;

- Agriculture - munda "Proletarian womenya", m'dera Zaporozhye, Ukraine.

• Murashka 8890:

- zokolola - 10 497 makilogalamu;

- mafuta zili - 4,05%;

- Agriculture - Chomera kuswana. Kirov, Kherson dera, Ukraine.

• ntchito 1910

- zokolola - 11 100 makilogalamu;

- mafuta zili - 4,02%;

- ulimi - kuswana mbewu "North-Lubinsky", Omsk Region, Russia.

• Cloudberries 201:

- patukani makilogalamu -12.426;

- mafuta zili - 3,82%;

- Agriculture - Chomera kuswana "Karaganda", Karaganda dera, Kazakhstan.