Pskov Kremlin. Pskov - zowoneka. Pskov Kremlin - chithunzi

Pskov ili mu gawo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia, za 690 Km from Moscow. Mu mzinda wa mitsinje awiri: Wamkulu ndi Pskov. Dzina la mudzi ndi mtsinje wa dzina akutifikiranso ku Finno-Chifinishi amatanthauza "utomoni madzi". Ulemerero waukulu mumzinda ndi otchuka Pskov Kremlin. Popanda iye, apa mukhoza kuwona kwambiri a mipingo mwala akale ndi mchitidwe umenewu wakale.

Mbiri ya m'mudzi

mzindawu woyamba kutchulidwa 903, pamene Prince Igor anakwatira Olga. Mu mbiri ya izo ananena kuti anali mbadwa ya Pskov. M'zaka za m'ma XII, mzindawo unakhala mbali ya mayiko Novgorod, ndipo anadzakhala Republic Pskov cent. Mu 1510 m'tauni gawo la Grand Duchy wa Moscow, ndi kuchokera 1777 unakhala malo a m'chigawo Pskov.

Kuyambira m'zaka za chakhumi, ndipo mpaka ulamuliro wa Peter Ine Pskov zinali zomvetsa odziwika mzinda Russia ndi mayiko ena. Komabe, pambuyo St. Petersburg kuyikapo chitukuko anayamba kutha. Mu 1944, mzinda anali kulamulidwa ndi Anazi, kusiya ambiri zipilala mbiri anawonongedwa. Contemporary chikuoneka - zonse ndi phindu lokonza ndi amisiri amene anamanganso zazikulu zowoneka za Pskov ndi m'madera.

Local Kremlin: mudziwe ambiri

Kremlin Pskov kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, Crom ankaona chitsanzo chabwino cha zomangamanga wakale. Malowa ali pamtunda pa gombe la miyala pa malo pamene mtsinje imaphwera mu Great Pskov. Kapangidwe lakale imakhala ndi mbali ziwiri: kunja ndi mkati linga. Dera lonse ngati Kremlin kuyambira ku kumpoto kwa ankadziwana kum'mwera. Ndi Utatu Cathedral, anamanga za 1683-1699 zaka, komanso malo akale Veche, lomwe kale anapambana Komiti. Cathedral ndi mosavuta kuonekera tsidya lina la mtsinje. Kum'mwera ndi Dovmontov mzinda. Kale mu malo awa panali mipingo yambiri ndi nyumba. Tsopano kwenikweni ine ndingakhoze kokha kuona bwalo la kachisi, kotero iwo onse anawonongedwa pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Pskov Kremlin ali mahekitala 3 m'dziko, amene atazunguliridwa ndi mipanda yolimba makoma mwala. Pali anakhalabe PAD galimoto, yokutidwa ndi denga matabwa.

kuyang'ana mkati

Mu kumpoto kwa boma la Russia ndi 5-gawo nsanja. Kutekroma izo, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi mamita 30. Kum'mawa mpanda wa boma la Russia anatambasula kwa mamita 435 ndi kumadzulo - pa mamita 345.

Pa mtima wa Crom ndi zisanu ozungulira Woyera Utatu Cathedral. nyumba ino - pa Quad pa malo awa. Poyamba, pakati pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi panali mpingo matabwa, yomwe inamangidwa ndi Mfumukazi Olga. Mu XII atumwi ndi Pskov Prince Vsevolod-Gabriel pamalo ake dongosolo mwala anakhazikitsidwa. M'zaka za m'ma XV, m'malo, panali lachitatu Utatu Cathedral, amene anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa miyambo mapulani a m'deralo. The tchalitchi zaposachedwapa inamangidwa 1699 ndipo chokongoletsedwa mwa miyambo yonse ya ku Russia. Pskov Kremlin - ndipo ichi ndicho malo apadera. Apa zotsalira za oyera mtima ndi kuphatikiza mu nyumba limodzi zovuta za m'njira zosiyana ndi nthawi.

Pskov Kremlin History

Mwatsoka, chifukwa ena, olemba sanali kulemba pamene malinga a boma la Russia namanga nsanja yake yoyamba anaikidwa. Dziwani kuti kuwonjezera otchulidwa magwero inalembedwa mu 1065. Komabe zinthu zakale amanena kuti mabanki a anthu Pskovy anabwerera mu Zakachikwi BC. Iwo ankachita nyama, nsomba ndi ngakhale chopangidwa zodzikongoletsera. Akukhulupirira kuti mzinda anakhazikitsidwa Olga. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pa maziko a zinthu zakale anapeza, tinganene kuti ndi nthawi ino Pskov anali kale zonse kunachitika achikunja mzinda ndi chiwerengero chachikulu.

Pamene ndi zina mumzinda waukulu ndiponso wotukuka, Pskov ofunika chitetezo chodalirika kwa adani. Mogwirizana ndi izi, ndipo anaganiza lolimba ndi angaloŵe linga. Woyamba matabwa makoma Krom anayikidwa pa kutsinde dongo pafupifupi VIII- X zaka zambiri, osachepera, za mfundo imeneyi akusimba nkhaniyo. Pskov Kremlin anayamba kuculuka pang'onopang'ono. Mu X-XIII zaka kumeneko anayamba kumanga mpanda wamiyala kumene "youma" (popanda kulumikiza yankho). Mpanda anamanga pa yankho anayamba kutuluka kokha m'zaka XIII ndi pafupi kutsinde kunja. Kenako, pomanga nsanja anayamba kulimbikitsa makoma ndi kuonjezera kutalika awo.

Crom tsogolo la XII ndi XVI m'ma

Choyamba Smerdov nsanja wakhala anamangidwira (Dovmont kenako). Iye anali kumanzere pafupi umodzi pa nthawi ya zipata. Komabe, mzinda ikukula mofulumira, ndipo panali kukufunikira pomanga chachiwiri chipata cha mzinda. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pali Utatu (kapena Great) Polakwika, amene anapulumuka mpaka masiku athu.

Mu 1337, amphamvu kwambiri Wall Crome wakhala kusinthidwa. Nthawi imeneyi, ife wokulitsa njira kuti boma la Russia, komanso kuchuluka kutsegula kwa Great Chipata. M'chaka 1400-1401, inatha nsanja awiri. Nthawi zambiri, XV m'ma Pskov Kremlin analimbikitsidwa ndi nthawi 2. Nthawi imeneyi, monga pali nsanja ina - Vlasievskaya. Malowa ali pamtunda pa ngodya ya mzinda Dovmont. Iwo wakhala ngati kumudzi: kuno zinachitikadi kuwunika alendo onse akufika mu mzinda.

Last nsanja - Lathyathyathya - inamangidwa 1500 ndi imatengedwa okongola kwambiri. Iye waima pafupi ndi confluence a mitsinje Wamkulu Pskovy. Mu 1510, Pskov anakhala mbali ya ku Moscow ukulu. M'zaka za m'ma XVI, Chrome anakhala mpando wa mphamvu yauzimu ya mzinda - woyamba ambuye, ndiye mzinda. Mu boma la Russia anali "mwayekha nkhokwe" ndi kusungidwa zipolopolo. Mu 1537 pakamwa pa Pskovy anakhazikitsako m'munsi grille zimene zinkachitika mtsinje bedi. Mu pakati pa XVI m'ma pa Utatu nsanja anali m'tauni koloko, koma linagwa mu 1787 ndipo anabwezeretsedwa yekha mu 1988.

Popeza XVIII atumwi masiku ano

Pansi Peter Ine Pskov Kremlin (chithunzi cha nyumba wamkuluyu mukhoza kuwona bwino pansipa) anapitiriza kuchita ntchito kumbuyo. Onse, iye anakhalabe odalirika zoteteza kunja kumpoto chakumadzulo mbali ya Russia mpaka cha m'ma XVIII. Pamaso pa Crom XX m'ma pafupifupi bwinja ndi chofunika kukhazikitsanso lalikulu. Zikuluzikulu ntchito yobwezeretsa anayamba zaka 60 zokha zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Nsanja ya Pskov Kremlin

Wamkulu Kremlin ali 6 nsanja:

- Vlasevkaya nsanja (XV m'ma).

- Rybniczkaya (XV m'ma). Tsopano ndi ogulitsi (mu 1780 izo anawachotsa, ndipo mu 1970 nyumbayo kulengedwanso maonekedwe original).

- High nsanja.

- Utatu, kapena maola (izo ankamangidwanso pambuyo chigamulocho lathunthu la m'zaka XVII).

- Kutekroma Tower (1400).

- akununkha, kapena Dovmont nsanja (m'zaka za m'ma XIX, izi si nsanja mphamvu anasanduka yaing'ono "faceted" turret).

malo ena chidwi

Kuwonjezera Kremlin akale, Pskov pali zambiri malo ena muyenera ndithudi kusuzumiramo. Alendo ambiri amakopeka Basil kachisi pa phiri, yomwe inamangidwa cha m'ma XVI. Poyamba, pa phazi la mpingo kuyenda ana ang'ono mtsinje.

Komanso inali pafupi ndi kachisi Vasilyevskaya nsanja, imene inali bellfry. Malinga ndi kupatsa wakale, anapachika belu limatiuza okhala yatsoka ndi asilikaliwa ndi adani ena. Global kachisi inayamba mu 2009.

Mirozhsky obisika

Iwe umadabwa wina akhoza kudabwa mzinda wa Pskov? Zokopa Tingaone mu ngodya ing'onoing'ono a mudzi ndi malo ake. Mwachitsanzo, pano ndi imodzi mwa amonke wamkulu mu Russia. mwayi waukulu - chisanadze Mongolian murals anapanga m'zaka za m'ma XII. malo Izi zili m'gulu la UNESCO mndandanda wa ntchito dziko kwambiri luso.

mapanga obisika

Pskov-Mapanga ansembe yotchedwa ili 50 kukafika ku Pskov, ndi linakhazikitsidwa ndi M'busa Yona. Izi kachisi kwa zaka 500.. Yona anabwera kuno ndi banja lake kutumikira Mulungu mpaka mapeto a moyo wake. Anayamba ndalama kachisi phanga, koma pa nthawi ino kudwala ndi mkazi wake anamwalira. Pambuyo wakumuika, tsiku lotsatira woyera anapeza kuti m'bokosi ake anali kubwerera pansi. Pambuyo kubwerezabwereza wa maliro tsiku lotsatira, iye anaima pansi. Yona ankaganiza kuti chinali chizindikiro chochokera kumwamba, ndipo sanali m'manda mkazi wake.

Kuyambira pamenepo, matupi a anthu onse atamwalira m'chigawo Pskov si odzipereka ku dziko lapansi, ndipo anachoka mu anawasema lapansi. Modabwitsa, ngakhale kuti mabokosi anali linada mtembo pafupifupi kumanyoza ndi zosintha cha zaka. Apa m'manda oimira mabanja ambiri wolemekezeka: .. Buturlins, Pushkin, Kutuzov Nazimovs etc. Mu obisika ndi zofunika tiakachisi monga chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu Hodegetria Psokovo-Pechora. Komanso, ndi dziko lalikulu wamwamuna obisika mu Russia.

Kodi kuyang'ana kwambiri?

Mu kumpoto Pskov, pa gombe la Mtsinje Wamkulu, ndi Snegorsky ansembe yotchedwa, pachibwenzi XIII atumwi. Kuyambira mu 1993, anthu wamkazi. Osati patali kuchokera pano ndi chamoyo mpingo wa St. Peter ndi Paulo.

Komabe si malo onse chodabwitsa kuti ndikhoza kukusonyezani inu Pskov. Zokopa, amene wokhudza chithunzi view, kumagwirizana mbiri ya mzinda ndi anthu ake otchuka. Pali chipilala kuti Mfumukazi Olga chipilala "atsogoleri awiri", zikuchokera "ndakatulo ndi osauka", komanso chosema polemekeza chikumbutso 300th wa chitetezo wa asilikali a Khan Batory ndi zambiri.

Pskov - ichi ndi kwabasi kwambiri m'tawuni mbiri wolemera. Pambuyo kuyendera boma la Russia amapereka kuganiza kuti achilitse lalikulu nkhani amunamuna a dziko lawo. Makoma a mpanda wolimba anawona kwambiri, anakumana ndi mavuto onse wosangalala ndi chisoni m'dera lino, koma ngakhale zonse anapulumuka masiku ano. Kuona tiakachisi wakale, mudzakhala mu mtima mwanu, muli ndi maganizo bata ndi mtendere. Sangalalani ndi malo okongola ndi chikhalidwe cha deralo, inu ndithudi sadzaiwala konse.

Zonse muyenera ulendo yosangalatsa - ndi Pskov map zikhomo, nsapato zabwino ndi zosangalatsa kampani!