Polemba chinenero mu luso masomphenya. ojambula zithunzi mtundu wanyimbo

Iliyonse luso ali mafani yake ndi otsutsa. Koma polemba chinenero mu luso labwino lofunika kwambiri - kumafunikanso kwambiri maganizo olakwika, amaitana amaonetsa mwawo chiwembu ndipo kawirikawiri kudzudzulidwa pachifukwa ichi, chifukwa ena zikuoneka kwambiri zazing'ono anecdotal. Ena ofufuza zaka kuyesera kuyankha funso ngati ndikofunikira kulemba ndandanda. Nthawiyi, aluso kupitiriza ntchito polemba chinenero mu kupenta, ndiponso anthu wamba - kusangalala zojambula amenewa ndi osangalala kugula iwo m'mudzimo.

Monga azimuth izi zikuchokera kuti?

zochitika za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku anauzira anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale. Ndiye luso chinali njira ya mogwirizana ndi dzikoli, kuyesa patsogolo zotsatira za miyambo zamatsenga. Choncho, kanjedza ndi kukwapula chifukwa cha umoyo wake ndi kutengeka. Ancient zojambula Aigupto ndi zitsanzo za pulasitiki yaing'ono kufotokoza tsiku ndi tsiku amajambulapo maluwa okongola ntchito monga banja, chikondi, zisudzo, zithunzi zojambula. Pliniy Starshy analemba wake "Natural History" kuli ojambula zithunzi zenizeni, amatenga chithunzi cha masitolo ometa ndi cobblers.

Polemba chinenero zaluso Akristu oyambirira

Zoyambira za chipembedzo chatsopano kusanduka mu mlengalenga ankhanza, kubisala mu mphanga ndi ntchito m'ndondomeko chinsinsi. Polemba chinenero mu luso chabwino cha nthawi imeneyo, inunso, ankadalira ikuimira chinsinsi - zojambula ndi nsomba analankhula za ubatizo zithunzi ndi kumanga umanena pa chilengedwe cha m'dera mpingo, ndipo mokondwera phwando cholinga chake chinali kusonyeza Odala ndi miyoyo mu malo a kumwamba. Ndi chifukwa cha Chikhristu woyambirira amajambulapo maluwa okongola malangizo wadutsa mu akale luso, pamene mafano amenewa ntchito mizati ndi malemba a mipukutu. Komanso Kamangidwe ka nthawi, nayenso, anali ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito polemba chinenero - zitsanzo Tingaone mu dongosolo mwala Gothic aang'ono chosonyeza odula nkhuni ndi abusa, vinyo opanga ndi mkate. Zinthu momveka bwino zikusonyeza M'kupita kwa nthawi lapansi, wodzazidwa ndi zintchito.

The malangizo chitukuko cha Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Pa chiyambi cha khumi ndi atumwi mtundu wanyimbo kupenta anali wodzilemekeza ndi wapadera m'lingaliro malangizo. Ojambula zithunzi anayamba akuimira zikondwerero ndi ukwati miyambo, komanso zithunzi pa moyo wa magulu osiyanasiyana. Monga masiku akale, chilichonse cha amisiri adafunafuna kudzaza ophiphiritsa. Makandulo unali umboni wa moyo wa munthu, maluwa ndi zipatso - pa chonde, mbalame m'chikwere zotsatirazi kudzisunga mtsikana ndi tsache anali njira kuchotsa osati wa zinyalala, komanso ku mizimu yoipa. Chilichonse ndi chochitika nawo mtundu wina wa kanthu ed. Koma nthano onsewa pamodzi ndi Kuzindikira changu ndipo anayankhula za choonadi cha moyo.

Cholinga si maganizo a chipembedzo, ndi anthu ndi dziko lapansi, mwatsatanetsatane zake zonse. Makamaka noticeable revaluation a makhalidwe zikamera zochitika msika. M'malo nkhani za ulaliki wa ojambula zithunzi mtundu wanyimbo ikunenedwa Amaya, anauziridwa ndi zipatso za amayi Nature ndi mphamvu zake zopanda malire. Mtima umenewu ikusonyezedwa zojambula za Pieter Bruegel Wamkulu, Velazquez, Vermeer ndi Caravaggio. The kalasi otsikitsitsa amene ankafotokozedwa ndi chikondi ndi chithumwa, amene anali kale mu luso.

Polemba chinenero mu masiku a Chenicheni

Ngakhale zojambula kwabasi wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndiponso ananyamula didacticism ena. N'chifukwa chake chiyambi cha Choonadi mtundu wanyimbo mu luso zithunzi anayamba yaitali kuposa yokha. Amajambulapo maluwa okongola kuti aledzere ndi kunyengezana osauka ndi moyo mu moyo chete banja - bwino, anali ndithu mosapita m'mbali ndi devalued umenewu. Komabe, m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi dziko, ndipo kuphatikizapo ojambula zithunzi Russian polemba chinenero anabwerera ku ulamuliro wake wakale. Mwachitsanzo, zojambulajambula, dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanov kupenta wake "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu" Zoonadi mfundo zofunika umenewu.

Venetsianov zojambula zosonyeza mavuto chikhalidwe ndi kutengeka kwambiri ndi yopanda chinyengo kwambiri, mu mtundu wanyimbo cha Kuzindikira yovuta si ololera ndi katswiri mabuku a Fedora Dostoevskogo. Wolemba ananena kuti amisiri mbiri akamachita zimene amadziwa m'mene zinachitikira, ndipo mtundu wanyimbo amisiri - ndi pakuona zinthu zasonyezedwa.

okonzera kupenta

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, mtundu wanyimbo ankafunika kuthana ndi kuchepa kachiwiri. Kanyumba chithunzi zithunzi anatsitsidwa pa mlingo wa ziwembu kanthu, wokondeka miseche. Koma posakhalitsa mtundu wanyimbo mu luso chabwino anabwerera ku mlingo yapita - zikamera wa Impressionism kundibwezera mtengo. mphindi zakanthawi, mwaluso ananenera ojambula zithunzi, anadzazidwa ndi lingaliro la osachepera zojambula lalikulu mbiri, kubwerera tsiku kufunika kwake. Lowoneka nthano, banja ophiphiritsa - kuti ndi zimene zakhala zoyenera chithunzi thematic. Polemba chinenero kuperekedwa ndi ambuye monga Petrov-Vodkin, Borisov-Musatov, Hodler ndi Segantini. Lyrically chisoni munthawi ya moyo umaimiridwa ndi Corinne, ndi zojambula Kustodiev kuli tsiku nao mu chilungamo, ndi kukhazikika zokongola.

Polemba chinenero mu zaka mazana makumi awiri

Nyengo yatsopano wabweretsa malangizo zaluso zina zosiyanasiyana zosaneneka mitundu. Panali chithunzi images, nditaona kuonetsetsa ndi nzeru zaumunthu chinyezimiritso. Polemba chinenero mu luso zithunzi wakhala njira chilengedwe kusonyeza kuti moyo mu uthunthu wake, kuphatikizapo maholide, zochitika za ubwana kapena ukalamba, zojambula, wodzala Kuzindikira. The nsalu zokha ayi kukuwa ntchito mtendere. Mosiyana ndi zojambula psevdomonumentalnymi, wotchuka chifukwa cha mavuto azandale, artless moyo ndi kusinkhasinkha chilengedwe cha chisoni. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana makumi awiri mu mtundu wanyimbo anaonekera wolimba, kupenta yosadziwika anasonyeza mzimu wa nthawi ndi nthawi yomweyo zawachitikira mwambo anapitiriza kuyambira Ages Middle.