Phonetic-phonemic hypoplasia wa kulankhula - kuphwanya katchulidwe ka phokoso ndi maganizo a phonemes makutu

Makolo amasangalala ana awo kuyamba kutchula phokoso choyamba, ndiye syllables ndi mawu osavuta. Ngati kolakalakika ziwiri zaka zitatu mwana limati "fyfka" m'malo mwa "mtanda" kapena "penti" m'malo mwa "khansa", iwo amaona mwakale. Koma ngati mwana chasanduka anayi kapena asanu, koma sangathe kunena zambiri phokoso, asokoneza mawu kapena kulankhula, kuti n'zovuta kumvetsa, tingakhulupirire oterewa FFNR. chidule uwu ukuimira phonetic ndi phonemic kulankhula underdevelopment. kuphwanya Izi si zabwinobwino monga mwina ena Moms ndi osasamala. Ngati mwana sangathe aurally kusiyanitsa kuwomba phonemes zofanana, iwo pafupifupi nthawi zonse amamchititsa mavuto kalembedwe ndi kuwerenga, komanso kuloweza ziganizo, ndakatulo. Chotero mwana zovuta kuti azolowere ammudzi sukulu, komanso m'tsogolo kuzindikira yekha moyo. Choncho, m'pofunika kusintha FFNR, ndipo ngakhale ali wamng'ono.

Nkhaniyi ili ndi mfundo chifukwa ana kuvutika mu katchulidwe, nanga njira kuthetsa chilema izi.

Phonetic-phonemic hypoplasia wa kulankhula ndiyambe kulankhula: ndichiyani?

Pali tanthauzo bwino zimene tingachite FFNR. Mu ndiyambe kulankhula izi zikutanthauza kuphwanya munthu mapangidwe njira proiznositelnoj dongosolo chinenero chifukwa cha kupunduka kumvetsera ndi katchulidwe ka phonemes. Tikufotokozera zimene phoneme. Mawu amenewa amanena unit osachepera chinenero smyslorazdelitelnuyu zakubadwa ndipo limafanana ndi lingaliro "zomveka". Makolo nthawi zonse anadabwa pamene Adamva mwana mwangwiro anapezeka ndi "kuphwanya kumva phonemic." Mfundo yakuti pali mfundo ziwiri kumva - kwachilengedwenso (luso kuzindikira kumva phokoso la m'dzikoli) ndi phonemic (mphamvu kusiyanitsa bwino ndiponso tione phonemes). Ngati izo tatha, ana kumva bwino wamkulu, koma sangathe kusiyanitsa phokoso otere, monga "a" kwa "g" kapena "b" ndi "N". Chifukwa, iwo kubwereza ndikukumbukira osati zimene akunena koma mmene iwo anamva zimene zinanenedwa. Pankhaniyi, luntha la mwanayo akhale pa msinkhu yoyenera zaka.

Gawo

lokhudza kulankhula akhale wachete, mu sing'anga ndi katundu.

Kuwala kumachitika pamene mwana sangathe kusiyanitsa ndi kunena yekha ena phonemes makamaka zovuta kapena osakaniza zace.

Mawonekedwe pafupifupi amawapeza ngati kuphwanya kwa kusanthula phokoso lalikulu kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, mwanayo si kusiyanitsa molondola ndi silimanena pali asayansi phonemes. Pamene kuwerenga ndi kulemba ana amenewa amalakwitsa yeniyeni kucheza bwino kubala syllables mawu.

Aakulu yodziwika ndi zipolowe kwambiri phonetic. Ana ndi vutoli musati kusiyanitsa phonemes makutu, sindikudziwa momwe kuonetsetsa iwo mawu, kuti akhazikitse ndondomeko zawo, kupanga syllables mawu. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse pamene aakulu sakukhudzidwa ndi ovuta kuwamvetsa ena kulankhula FFNR ana.

zifukwa

Phonetic-phonemic hypoplasia wa kulankhula - ndi chilema chomwe ndi kobadwa nako kapena kugula. Kobadwa nako angayambe pa zifukwa zotsatirazi:

- matenda ena cholowa;

- toxemia choopsa cha mimba;

- osiyana rezuz chinthu mwazi wa mwana ndi mayi wake;

- zovuta kubadwa, imene pali neonatal choipa;

- asphyxia;

- matenda ndiponso maganizo pa mkazi ali woyembekezera.

Kuthi phonetic-phonemic hypoplasia wa kulankhula - chilema, amene anapanga mchikakamizo cha chikhalidwe, zoweta ndi ena mmene chilengedwe, komwe mwanayo anakulira. Zimayambitsa underdevelopment woyankhula mwana akhoza kukhala:

- kuvulala chiwalo cha zida ntchito mawu;

- chowawa chikhalidwe ndipo zotsatira zake, moyo imene mwana amakhala;

- Bilingualism m'banja;

- zinthu osakwanira mawu (mwana tsiku lonse yekha, pafupifupi chinkhoswe kwa iye);

- zopindika yomanga dentition ya;

- psihotravmaticheskie zinthu;

- matenda a AIDS Makutu ndi zithunzi (anasonyeza kuti ambiri mwa ana amene ali ndi mavuto ndi masomphenya ndi / kapena kumva, apo FFNR).

zizindikiro

Phonetic-phonemic hypoplasia wa kulankhula - si chilema kulankhula mwana. chosayenerera Izi zikhoza chizindikiro kuswa mu umoyo zazing'onozi za anthu, monga:

- chogawanika Mlomo ndi / kapena m'kamwa;

- kwambiri m'kamwa (otchedwa Gothic);

- kuluma zilema;

- CNS kusasitsa kuchedwa (osati kusokonezedwa ndi khunyu la ubongo);

- matenda a ziwalo ndi kachitidwe.

Ana ndi FFNR mwina Mbali khalidwe ndi kulankhulana:

- kupanda momveka wa articulation (kulankhula zida sangathe molondola kubala phoneme);

- Kusakhazikika chidwi;

- mavuto kusintha kalasi wina ndi mzake;

- ndi kuletsa kuchuluka kwa chikumbukiro;

- mavuto kumvetsa matanthauzo mfundo umboni;

- vuto kutchula phonemes kupatukana mawu akufuna;

- zolakwa ntchito prepositions ndi chiphunzitso cha mawu mu nkhani yoyenera.

Pa nthawi yomweyo ana pa msinkhu wawo mawu okwanira.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti FFNR

Phonetic-phonemic hypoplasia wa kulankhula pa sukulu ndipo m'sukulu za pulayimale ana kumawonetsera kuyan'anila ngati zvukoproiznosheniya:

- m'malo okhazikika kuwomba zovuta mosavuta (osati "chithunzi" ndi "kaltina" osati "cholakwika" ndi "CCT");

- transposition mawu mu mawu (osati "koma", ndi "wapolisi");

- zosabvuta pa mawu kuchotsa kuchokera syllables awo (osati "mawotchi" ndi "chaschik" osati "kulera" ndi "Poma");

- "kumeza" munthu zikumveka mwa mawu (osati "roketi" ndi "Aketi" osati "stewed" ndi "mwaye");

- mwachisawawa ntchito phonemes (zina mwana kutchula iwo molondola, ena - ndi zolakwika);

- chisakanizo cha phokoso;

- m'malo a munthu mawu angapo (mwachitsanzo, phokoso "shi" ndi "c" ndi "H" limachulidwa "T").

- m'malo a syllables ndi phonemes molimba (osati "kapu" ndipo "syapka" osati "chikho" ndi "Syasko").

ana awa FFNR ngati wothira mafuta, mawu awo chachilengulengu. Kenako iwo anati dysgraphia, ndiko kuti, kulemba komanso amamva.

diagnostics

Violation zvukoproiznosheniya ana popanda mankhwala akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu ndipo muyenera kuchitira zimenezo. Pamaso pa chotero chilema mwana ndidzadutsa kufufuza mabuku ndi ulendo dokotala kulankhula dokotala, ENT, maso, katswiriyu ndi dokotala. Wodwala pang'ono kuika wapadera kulankhula khadi lomwe dotolo anati zambiri pa njira ya mimba, mayi ake, zochitika za kubadwa ndi kukula kwa miyezi ya moyo.

ENT kupereka maganizo pa boma la thandizo kumva, zolemba optometrist ngati pali mavuto ndi masomphenya, ndi dokotala - kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa comorbidities.

Komanso kufufuza za chikhalidwe ndi kuyenda kwa articulation zida wodwalayo ndi kuunikira boma la ntchito amapilira ndi kupuma.

Kulankhula dokotala kuchititsa mayesero kudziwa wotani kuyan'anila zvukoproiznosheniya ali ndi mwana (m'malo a phokoso chisokonezo awo, kupotoza ndi zina zotero).

chithandizo

Pamene matenda a "FFNR" ana sadikovskogo zaka analembetsa logopedichesuyu gulu lapadera, limene likuchita ndi mawu dokotala nawo. Kudzudzulidwa phonetic-phonemic kulankhula underdevelopment imagwiridwa mu njira zitatuzi:

1. kukonzekera. mphunzitsi amachititsa angapo zinthu zimene zingalimbikitse anyamatawo katchulidwe mawu kale katswiri iwo (mavawelo ndi zilembo, zovuta ndi yofewa), amapereka ntchito mu njira ankasewera ana kukhala maganizo awo phonemic mawu awa, kusanthula awo.

2. zosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi imeneyi mwana anapempha kuyerekeza khutu phonemes ophunzira bwino ndi kuwomba ofanana. mwapadera ayenera kuperekedwa za mawu zikumveka za katchulidwe olondola kuti zikumveka wa kulankhula wonse zimatengera.

3. Final. Mbali imeneyi ndi yovuta kwambiri. Mwana amaphunzira malingaliro a "kalembedwe", "yopanda chilema," "Mau" maphunziro, kodi phokoso kumene kumatsimikizira chiwerengero cha mawu, amachita kusanthula ndi kaphatikizidwe syllables, kuphunzira kusintha mawu ndi kuchotsa mavawelo kapena zilembo (mwachitsanzo, "Poppy" - "varnish", "ng'ombe" - "kutsinde").

luso dzanja galimoto ana ndi FFNR

Mwamtheradi molondola anakhazikitsa kuti mlingo wa mapangidwe kayendedwe enieni ndiponso zobisika za zala likukhudza FFNR mu ndiyambe kulankhula. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? kulankhula kwa anthu chifukwa cha ntchito yolongosoka a m'madera ambiri a ubongo amene amapereka malangizo articular matupi. Asayansi apeza kuti ana luso chabwino galimoto ya zala lolingana zaka, chitukuko kulankhula komanso likukwaniritsa mfundo. Choncho, ana ndi makalasi FFNR zofunika, maluso galimoto:

- kusewera ndi zala;

- Zochita kwa manja ndi zala;

- Zochita wapadera (lopinda akalumikidzidwa zithunzi, mukulumikiza mikanda, kuumbidwa ndi dothi, kujambula zithunzi).

Zochita articulation

Cholinga cha zokambirana izi ndi kulimbikitsa minofu ya articulation mwana (lilime, milomo, zofewa m'kamwa), chitukuko cha sayenda awo ndi maphunziro a kayendedwe kusiyanitsidwa. Ndi yabwino kwambiri kuchita kokoka pagalasi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadera (zachipatala spatula spoons wamba, nsonga zamabele, ndi zina). Mwachitsanzo, phokoso "shi" angaphunzitsidwe kunena mwa zokambirana ngati:

1. "mpanda" (Tambasula kuti kuonekera chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi mano, kenako clamped mu milomo yawo kumwetulira).

2. "Tsamba" (pakamwa wake waukali, ndi mano chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi).

3. "Spatula" (otsegula pang'ono pakamwa, kufalitsa-mphungu pa lilime m'munsi mlomo ndi kunena "FR Sa-FR Sa-FR Sa". Chinenero Lonse ku mlandu 10).

4. "Cup" (muyenera pakamwa pang'ono onse, kukweza chinenerochi, si kukhudza mano, ndipo amayesa kuuchotsa m'mbali ndi nsonga).

5. "zokoma kupanikizana" (lonse tsegula pakamwa, kunyambita milomo yake, kusunthira lilime si kumanzere-bwino ndi mmwamba-pansi).

Kuneneratu ndi kapewedwe

Kuti panalibe kupatuka pa chitukuko kulankhula mwana, m'pofunika kugwira nthawi yoyenera ndi iwo. Mu miyezi choyamba cha moyo, ali minofu zala, pokambirana zonse ndi mwanayo. M'tsogolo, anawonjezera zosiyanasiyana masewera, zaka zoyenerera, kuwerenga mabuku ndi zina zotero. Zikusonyezanso ndi kuyendera dokotala ndi akatswiri kuti kuzindikira zolakwika zotheka mu magawo oyambirira. Ngati mwana mawu kudzudzulidwa anayamba nthawi, monga ulamuliro, kuipa ndi kwathunthu inathetsedwa.