Paulo Klee: zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe. German ndipo Swiss wojambula Paulo Klee (Paulo Klee)

Chithunzicho Paulo Klee ndi imodzi mwa oimira wotchuka kwambiri avant-garde luso la zoyambirira za m'ma XX. Iye ankaona kuti ntchito yake m'mayiko awiri European, chifukwa, monga nzika German, iye anabadwa, iye atakula anakhala onse a moyo mu Switzerland.

chithunzicho a ubwana

Paulo Klee, amene zojambula tsopano kudziwika kwa mafani wa luso dziko, anabadwa mu 1879 m'tauni Myunhenbuhzee yaing'ono imene ili pafupi Bern. Banja mu wojambula m'tsogolo kulenga: bambo ake anali mphunzitsi music, ndipo mayi anga anaimba nyimbo. Pamene Paulo anali ndi zaka 3, agogo anga anamupatsa mapensulo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mwana adatengedwa kujambula. Kuwonjezera penti kuyambira ali mwana anaphunzira kuimba zeze ndi kulemba ndakatulo. Sukulu Paulo sanali mnyamata ankakonda kuthana ndi okhawo amene anamupatsa kudzoza.

Maphunziro ndi chionetsero loyamba

Mu chaka cha 1898 Klee anayamba kuphunzira tchati ku Munich G. Heinrich Knirr sukulu payekha, koma zaka 2 ina analembetsa pa Academy of Wabwino Tirhana, kumene anakhala mphunzitsi wa kupenta ndi F. Von Anapitirizabe. Nditamaliza maphunziro, Paulo anapita ku Italy, kudziwana ndi mamangidwe ndi zojambula za Kubadwa Kwatsopano, ndi moyo wake Bern ndi kuphunzira zithunzi. Nthawi imeneyi, analenga mndandanda wa "Odnokryly ngwazi" zipsera, "Anatulukira", "The Virgin pa mtengo" ndi ena. Mu 1906 chithunzicho wamng'ono anakwatira wa limba Lily Stumpf ndipo potsiriza anakakhala Munich. Zinali pano ndi kusonyeza talente yake Paulo Klee. The chionetsero cha zojambula wake kwa nthawi yoyamba unachitikira Bern m'chaka cha 1910. m'zaka zojambula mochita kugoba ake oyambirira, watercolors ndi zojambula. ntchito linalembedwa mu kalembedwe Art Nouveau, mwatsoka mfiti anakhalabe pafupifupi padera.

Gedwa mu namatetule wa

Kukhala Munich, Klee anzanga ndi Kandinsky ndi membala wa kucheza zosonyeza "Blue Wokwera". Creative Gulu anasonkhana oimira luso, kulenga ntchito avant-garde kalembedwe. The ojambula zithunzi m'gulu izo kupyolera zojambula ake kuti afotokoze maganizo awo chabe kutali kwa mfundo wamba kusukulu kupenta.

Mu 1914, Paulo Klee anapita ku Tunisia. Paulendo uwu, chithunzicho potsiriza anapanga wapadera, achilendo iye yekha basi coloristic kukoma. Chiwopsezo Klee sanalembe kwambiri monga mwa nthawi yomweyo. M'dzanja lake zina zachidule, mafuta ndi watercolor zojambula ( "Kairouan", "zochokera Hammamet").

Ndi mliri wa nkhondo yachiwiri, Paulo Klee anali usilikali. Iye sanatumize anthu kuti kutsogolo, n'kuuza kujambula ndi fuselage ndege zankhondo. Ngakhale mu nthawi ya mavuto a garde kuti nthawi kupitiriza kupenta. Pakutha pa Nkhondo anabwerera Munich Paulo Klee. The chionetsero cha zojambula wake unachitikira mu 1920. Nsalu akuyimila ilo, mochuluka ngati zojambula mwanayo. Iwo anali wosazindikira mu chikhalidwe, koma chibwana ndipo chidwi okonda zojambulajambula. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe inayamba siteji watsopano mu moyo kulenga ya chithunzicho.

Mu 20-30-ntchentche kuwonjezera kulemba zojambula anayamba kukhulupirira chiphunzitso pa sukulu ya kapangidwe luso ndiponso kumanga Bauhaus. Mu 1925, zojambula ake anali kuperekedwa pa chionetsero surrealist ku Paris. Pambuyo Hitler anayamba kulamulira Klee mu 1933 anapita ku Switzerland, komwe anakhala zaka zomalizira za moyo wake. Panthawi imeneyi, tinatenga wina Exhibition 2 ntchito (Berne ndi Zurich). Mu zaka 55, chithunzicho anapezeka ndi matendawa. Ndi ku matenda mu 1940 ndipo anamwalira Paulo Klee. Painting, izo, ndalama zake kuposa zojambula 9000. Pafupifupi theka la iwo anazisunga lero wodzipereka kwa malo ntchito yake inali ku Bern. Onse a katswiri la wolemba Tingaone mu tambirimbiri ndipo zopereka payekha padziko lonse.

Paulo Klee pa Pushkin Museum

Ngakhale kuti dzina la wojambula kwa nthawi yaitali ataima pa siteji yomweyo zoterozo avant-garde ojambula zithunzi ngati Matisse, Kandinsky ndi Picasso, ntchito yake Russia mpaka posachedwapa anali wamng'ono kudziwika. zinthu zinasintha pambuyo December 2014 ndi March 2015. Pushkin mu Moscow Museum ndinkakhala nalo ndi kufotokoza kwa zojambula Klee "Tsiku popanda mzere." mafani ake kupenta anapereka 150 ntchito zake za thupi kosiyana kwa moyo kulenga ya mbuye. Okonza chionetserocho mwapereka njira kuti woyambitsa zojambula unkagwiritsidwa njira yonse mpaka mapangidwe ake monga avant-garde, kwa zojambula oyambirira, kutsiriza ndi zojambula za mtsogolo.

Mbali mfiti kalembedwe

Kodi chokopa anthu okonda zojambulajambula ano, Paulo Klee? Zojambula ndi wolemba izi amadziwikanso ndi njira kuphedwa. Iwo sangakhoze zimachitika aliyense kalembedwe wina. Mu wolemba zinthu wosazindikira ogwirizana, surrealism Cubist ndi Fauve. Kuphweka ndi ophweka mizere pamodzi ndi kusankha mwaluso mitundu anapanga zojambula Klee katswiri wa zojambulajambula, ndipo iye - wanzeru.

Zojambula oyambirira 20 ntchentche

Imodzi mwa ntchito chidwi kwambiri pa avant-garde angatchedwe "Diana mu yophukira mphepo" (1921). The mizere osasamalira anachoka ndi wojambula pa pepala, kuoneka bwino wochepa silhouette ya mtsikana. Kufotokoza monga mphepo amanyamula masamba ndi mafunde yosavuta madiresi nsalu, Klee bwinobwino analenga nkhambakamwa kuyenda mu mawonekedwe mazira. Chifukwa mitundu zofewa ndi kutentha pa chithunzicho chikuwoneka kuti ngakhale zambiri zazikulu, mpweya ndi nyimbo. Kuyambira dona wamng'ono kuwomba osasamala tisafooke, ndi kuganiza ndi anasamutsidwa akuganizira chithunzi amaonetsa. Koma mu nsalu, ndipo ankaona zolemba chisoni zazikulu chithunzi kuthamanga chakuti achinyamata ndi zakanthawi ndipo sakhala patali m'dzinja la moyo, umene n'zosatheka kubisala.

maganizo Kusirira chifukwa chitsanzo zojambula za wojambula "Senecio", analengedwa mu 1922 ku chinsalu kuti wowerenga ndi kuonera wosewera-comedian ndi unnaturally chonse, monga chigoba ndi mutu wake. Wake wopanda anapangira nkhope lagawidwa rectangles wachikuda osiyana, ndi maso ofiira ngati magazi kuyang'ana mu madera osiyana. Ngakhale kuti pa cithunzithunzi pali mitundu zabwino mitundu, ku nkhonya ake ozizira ndi nkhawa. Ndi losonyeza akalumikidzidwa zojambula nkhope ya wosewera ndi wojambula anayesera kusonyeza wake dziko mkati, mwachindunji amadalira siteji ya mulo.

Kufotokozera "Amphaka ndi Mbalame"

Paulo Klee anakonda ziweto ndi zambiri penti iyo pa lona. Mu 1928 analenga wake wotchuka "Cat ndi Mbalame." Chithunzi ndi penti ndi mafuta ndipo kusungidwa mu New York Museum of Modern Art. Nsalu mutu mchenga-chikasu mphakayu, pa mphumi lomwe limachokera pang'ono pinki mbalame. Chinyama amapezeka kuno ngati wokasaka. Izo mabanga nyama yake ndipo umakhala ndi maso ake yaikulu wobiriwira. Osasamala mbalame sakudziwa kuti tsoka lake anakonzeratu, ndi masekondi angapo kenako iye adzafa mu nsagwada za chilombo kukhetsa mwazi. Ptah sangathe kuthawa. Mawuwa izi ndi mtundu wamagazi, ndi chandamale kukopedwa Klee pomwe pa thupi lake.

kufa zilandiridwenso

Mpaka imfa yake anapitiriza kulenga Paulo Klee. Zojambulazo wa zaka wake wotsiriza kwambiri amatikumbutsa zojambula ana. Zina mwa ntchito zaposachedwapa ndi mbuye monga "Imfa ndi Moto." Izo analengedwa mu 1940, pamene inde anali kudwala kwambiri. Wosazindikira mzere pamodzi ndi mitundu mdima kusonyeza zokumana mkati Klee. Mu Pachithunzipa wa kupenta limasonyeza imfa ya wosawoneka nkhope ya akumwetulira zoopsa. Kumbuyo kuoneka chinawononga pafupifupi buku lonse kaja malawi kuyandikira munthu armless. Ambiri mwina, m'chifanizo cha khalidwe anasonyeza Klee yekha, kumverera njira ya imfa ndipo akumvetsa kuthedwa nzeru wake kutsogolo kwake.

Ngakhale matenda aakulu, chaka chatha a moyo wake anakhala bwino kwambiri kuti chithunzicho. Mwa kulenga wapadera yake, ziribe kanthu zomwe sindimakonda kalembedwe kulemba, Klee okhulupirika kwa iye mpaka anamwalira.