Pansi pa nyanja nsomba mizukwa. Mtsinje nsomba mizukwa

An zosiyanasiyana zosaneneka mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya nsomba zina chifukwa cha yogawa awo ambiri, kwakhudza chitukuko zinachokera zilombo izi. Nsomba moyo mu atachuluka m'madzi madamu zomera, ndi puddles yaing'ono otsalira pambuyo mvula m'phiri mitsinje ndi mafunde amphamvu, ndi nyanja phiri pa mamita 600 pamwamba pa nyanja, ndi pa kuya kwambiri komwe kuthamanga madzi akhoza kufika atmospheres 1000 ndipo ngakhale m'mapanga mobisa!

Evolution - chinthu choipitsitsa!

Mwachibadwa, m'kupita kwa zinthu, kusinthasintha kwa moyo kwambiri zinthu zovuta kuti asanene ngati chizindikiro pa maonekedwe a nsomba zina. Choopsa ndi zozizwitsa osati kusambira m'mapanga mobisa, koma pa kuya kwambiri. Iwo ali kutchedwa "pansi pa nyanja nsomba mizukwa." Njira ya moyo wa nyama zimenezi ndi ndinasintha osiyana m'miyoyo ya nsomba wamba ndi bwino kwa ife.

nsomba Crookshanks

Mmodzi wa mitundu yambiri bwino kudziwika nsomba pansi pa nyanja imatengedwa kukhala otchedwa hiazmodon kapena wakuda Crookshanks. Pafupifupi buku lililonse limene limafotokoza zowopsa izi, Crookshanks akufanana ndi boa constrictor, Pomeza njovu. Ndipotu, Crookshanks - nsomba za kukula yaing'ono, m'litali kawirikawiri kuposa 15 masentimita. Komabe, sikuti kuwaletsa kumeza nyama wawo wonse. Nsomba-mizukwa padziko lalikulu nyanja kuya - mpaka 750 m.

Awo elongated ndi wamaliseche thupi ndi minofu ofooka ndi mafupa ndi zofewa kwambiri zakuda kapena zofiirira mtundu, ndi pakamwa lingamutsatire zida ndi mano akuthwa ndi wamphamvu, chokhala mano. Iwo zili chabe mizere ochepa (monga nsombazo). Mwina safuna kuti mukumbuke kuti vuto mphamvu m'madzi akuya ali pachimake kwambiri. Kuti mpikisano ndiribe kanthu, Crookshanks ndinazolowera kumeza anthu amene yomweyo ndipo popanda kuganizira kwambiri.

saccopharynx

No zochepa pachiyambi kuthetsa vuto mphamvu pa kuya kwambiri kuphunzira kwa wina ndi nsomba chilombo - saccopharynx. Asayansi amanena kuti njira yawo ya ulimi wa chakudya chinali yaminga kwambiri: zamoyo cha zolengedwa inasanduka kukamwa kwake ndi mafuta zobisika, zomwe ndi thupi. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi kuzindikira maganizo meshkorotovyh nsomba ndi largemouth kapena pelikanovy njoka yam'madzi. Kutalika kwa chilombo lino masentimita 60, 30% ya limene likuwerengedwa chifukwa nsagwada yaitali kwambiri ndi woonda kwambiri, yomwe ili m'kamwa mwa chimphona!

Kuchokera m'munsi nsagwada chimafikira kumunsi yaitali kwambiri ndi pharynx lalikulu, kutambasula ngati thumba. Zowoneka izo akufanana ndi vuwo, pakhosi thumba, amene anali dzina largemouth pelikanovym njoka yam'madzi. Mfundo ndi limagwirira ngati zochita za pharynx ndi zofanana kuchitapo kanthu pa zikovili matumba: onse nsomba zokodwa mu iwo amalephera. Zimenezi zimathandiza onse nsomba ndi chakudya mbalame M'sitolo ntchito m'tsogolo. Nthawi zambiri largemouth nsomba kumeza nyama kuposa kukula kwake kawiri!

Largemouth - akuya woona wa nsomba mizukwa, chifukwa amakhala mu mtunda mamita 3000 pansi pa madzi! N'chifukwa chake chabe largemouth mavuto mu kudya: matumba awo pharyngeal kawirikawiri kudzadza zokoma pansi pa nyanja nsomba ndi nkhanu. Choncho, ayenera kukhala okhutira ndi aliyense. Malinga ndi nthano, anakwatulidwa largemouth mu thumba guttural anapezeka algae, timiyala ndi fishies pang'ono kwambiri. Chimphona kwambiri - mpaka mamita 5000 - onse mungapeze otchedwa saccopharynx weniweni, kufika kutalika mamita 1,84!

eyeless ipnopsy

Kodi mizukwa, nsomba, okhala kuya lalikulu la nyanja, osiyana ndi enawo, osati pakamwa chachikulu, komanso ngati masomphenya? Kumene, ipnopsy! chakuti mizukwa pa nyanja ndi njira iliyonse zofunika kuthetsa mavuto kugwirizana ndi aone osauka, kapena m'malo sanamwe konse. Tatchulawa ipnopsy tikukhala yakuya mamita 900 ndi 6,000, ambiri anatsatira njira ya kukana osachepera, linasiiratu kupenya kwake. M'pomveka chifukwa maso anu, ngati inu Simungathe kuona kali konse padziko?

Malinga ndi kufotokoza ichthyologists ndi ofufuza ku gulu la Jacques-Iva Kusto, maso ipnopsov kapena kusowa kwathunthu, kapena (amene ali osowa kwambiri) ndi kakang'ono ndi zobisika pansi mamba ndi khungu, zomwe zambiri Kodi simuzindikira kuwala. Tikumbukenso kuti kafukufukuyu sankasangalala ambiri zoopsa kwambiri, chifukwa masomphenya mu miyoyo ya zilombo wapitiriza ndipo akupitiriza kumathandiza kwambiri. Kuona zinthu mdima zonse, ambiri a iwo amafunika chipangizo wapadera, koma izi - ndi nkhani ina.

The lodziwika bwino mfumu hering'i

Si kale, winanso kutsegula-ichthyologists asayansi anauza American TV njira "Nat Geo Wild." Nsomba mizukwa, likukhalira, osati kwambiri m'lifupi! chakuti ofufuza potsiriza anakwanitsa kugwila pa kanema yosowa kwambiri nsomba kamodzi mantha amalinyero. Dzina izo - hering'i mfumu, kapena lamba ya nsomba. Iye mwangozi anagunda kamera mandala, zomwe zinachititsa maphunziro ku University of Louisiana panokha kusunga lodziwika bwino mfumu ya hering'i zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.

Zosayembekezereka "msonkhano"

Padakali lamba ya nsomba imene imafikira mamita 17 m'litali, ankatha kuona, kapena akufa, kapena kufa pa nthawi pamene anadzipereka kuti tiwolokere pamwamba pa madzi. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba kuti lodziwika bwino mizukwa m'madzi sanali okha owoneka wonse asayansi dziko, komanso pa video mu otchedwa Moyo mode. Malinga ndi TV "Apeza", nsomba mizukwa amene ali mu banja limodzi ndi hering'i mfumu zimapezeka pa kuya ku mamita 1500.

Nsomba lamba wakhala anaona ndi ofufuza zaka zingapo zapitazo, pamene mothandizidwa ndi makamera CCTV, iwo anayendera nsanja ku Gulf of Mexico. Komabe, declassified osayembekezerekawo "msonkhano" sizinali choncho kalekale. Akatswiri ndakuuzani za pa TV "zina kuti adzipeza zina kuti adzipeza Si." Pulofesa Mark Benfield ndiye adagawa zidindo wake kuti: "Tonse ankaganiza kuti tikuona payipi wina mafuta. Monga ife mawonedwe mu tinaona kuti si chitoliro, koma kwenikweni hering'i mfumu! ".

angler kwambiri madzi

Zilombozi - nsomba ndi zoopsa kwambiri dzina lawo chachiwiri - tseratsievidnye. Iwo kwambiri kuphunzira ya nsomba pansi pa nyanja, zafotokozedwa m'nkhani ino. Anglers a suborder a dongosolo la kwambiri nsomba anglerfish ndi anthu ndime madzi mu nyanja, mwachitsanzo kulikonse. Panopa ichthyologists 11 anafotokoza mabanja omwe pafupifupi 120 mitundu. anglers pansi pa nyanja moyo pa yakuya mamita mpaka 3,000. mizukwa zina zosiyana ozungulira ndi mwamphamvu flattened laterally kupanga torso. Akazi ndi otchedwa "nyambo."

Wotchuka "usodzi" anglers

"Ndodo" - kusinthidwa dorsal chipsyepsye ray, ndilo "khadi malonda" a zilombo izi. Chotero "nsomba ndodo" atenge mbali ya nyambo. Kumapeto kwake ndi otchedwa esque - yaing'ono zophuka khungu atapachikidwa pa kukamwa kwake ndi mano singano ngati. Esca ladzala ndi mamiliyoni mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana luminescent. Ndi iwo amene ali akopeka nsomba achinyamata ndi opusa omwe, ngati njenjete kwa nyali, akuyandama pa iye. mizukwa nsomba kukhala ndi "ndodo", amatha kulamulira pafupipafupi ndi chinyezimiro cha kubuka pa. Zimenezi zimawathandiza kuti kuonjezera mmene opangidwa pa akupusitsa wovulalayo.

Mtsinje nsomba mizukwa. Oyipa tigerfish Goliati

Ndi akumidzi komanso yosowa kwambiri wachibale wa piranhas ano. Komabe, piranhas, poyerekeza ndi chinjoka chimenechi - ting'onoting'ono ndi wowona nsomba. Tigerfish Goliyati anapezeka ndi ndaweza wina wa asodzi wotchuka American ku Congo Mtsinje, Africa. chilombo uyu ali 32 lakuthwa lumo, mano ndi kowopsa kwambiri nsomba madzi mu dziko! Komanso, ndi yaikulu komanso wakupha mawonekedwe woimira banja la piranhas.

sawfish

dzina lawo chachiwiri - anaona ya nsomba. Ali ndi torso yaitali kwambiri ndi elasmobranchs lathyathyathya outgrowth wa ikhale pamphuno zawo, anakonza mbali iliyonse ya mano lalitali la yofanana. Kunja, outgrowth uyu akufanana ndi macheka, zimene iwo kulenga ndi nsomba madzi oyera ankanenedwa-macheka. Mfundo pilorylovye si angabweretse ngozi anthu, koma maonekedwe awo akhoza mantha ngakhale diver wolimba mtima. Ndipo onse chifukwa zikuoneka kuti iwo amafanana nsombazo zosowa. Komabe, nsombazo, mosiyana nsomba, kumwa, sapezeka madzi abwino. Kumbukirani izi!