Order Andreya Pervozvannogo: history, maonekedwe, Knight

Order wa St. Andrew - mmodzi wa zizindikiro zazikulu za boma Russian. Osati kokha kuti iye ndiye woyamba unakhazikitsidwa mu dziko lathu maulemu, ndiye nthawi yaitali - mpaka 1917 - unachitikira mlingo wapamwamba mu utsogoleri wolowezana wa malamulo boma mendulo. Mu 1998, udindo uwu ndi lamulo Borisa Eltsina izo anabwerera.

Order Andreya Pervozvannogo analengedwa mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa dziko: panali kukonzekera yogwira kwa Great kumpoto nkhondo, Russia ankakonza kukhala zofanana ndi mphamvu wamphamvu European. Woyamba m'chigawo mphoto Russian anali kuimira kutchuka m'dzikoli, ufulu wake kulemekeza ku madera ena. Sichangozi woyang'anira za mphoto imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa ophunzira wapafupi Peter anasankhidwa - Andrey Pervozvanny, amene anagwirizana pa nthawi imodzi mbali yaikulu mu mapangidwe Kievan Lazaro.

Asilikali lamulo, limene anafotokoza Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, kuphatikizapo kukonzekera ndi khama yogwira Peter I. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina iye amene adaganiza kuti chizindikiro cha mphoto imeneyi awiri anawoloka mizere yoyera munda buluu, ndi Order wokha sukhalira amaitcha kuti anthu amene "utumiki waukulu Lathu ". Lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Order yosainidwa ndi mfumu m'tsogolo mochedwa March 1699.

Knights 'tepi poyamba, yemwe anali otetezedwa ndi Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, kuyesa asilikali FA Golovin, koma Knight chachiwiri vuto anatuluka: unakhala wotchuka mtsogoleri Ivan Mazepa, amene posachedwapa m'manja Charles XII, pakuti osati kokha anathema, koma anataya apamwamba Russian mphoto. Peter yekha, poyamba, anakhala yekha chofukizira chimodzi dongosolo limeneli.

Knights wa Order Andreya Pervozvannogo analandira kanali, amene anali mtanda siliva, kukazikoloŵeka pa maziko a munthu mitu iwiri mphungu mtundu golide ndi nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu zisonga. Yekha chizindikiro anali utoto wabuluu, anali likulu la fano Andreya Pervozvannogo. Kuti anayenera kufooka pa riboni buluu, elegantly slung pa phewa lake lamanja, chifuwa kumanzere ukraschat nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu zisonga.

Kenako, bwalo pofunsira kwa mphoto imeneyi zinali zochepa osankhika apamwamba a boma, ndi wopindulitsa kwambiri iwo munthuyo ufulu mutu wa msilikali wamkulu. Komanso, chasandulika mwambo wapereka Order Andreya Pervozvannogo pa mamembala kubadwa m'banja lachifumu.

Imodzi, eni Russian wa mphoto sangathe kukhala oposa khumi. Pa nthawi ya pa February utasintha, ndi Order Andreya Pervozvannogo anali kupereka, malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, anthu 900 ndi 1,100, kuphatikizapo anthu amenewa wotchuka ngati Alexander Suvorov, G. Potemkin, Rumyantsev, Napoleon. Mwini lotsiriza la mphoto izi Tsarist Russia anali kuimira banja lachifumu Prince Roma Petrovich.

Mu Russia ano, Order Andreya Pervozvannogo kamodzinso chinachitika ake oyenera ngati dziko mphoto yaikulu mu 1998. chikuoneka analengedwa ndi zina zachidule moyo, choncho kwathunthu makope dongosolo, amene anali mpaka 1917. The mphoto woyamba anapatsidwa wotchuka academician wotchedwa Dmitry Likhachev. Kenako anapatsidwa ndi anthu ena 12, kuphatikizapo Nazarbayev, Kalashnikov, Solzhenitsyn, Alexiy II, pa S. Mikhalkov.