Katundu tebulo chingwe mtanda gawo: kusankha, mawerengedwe

Kusankha olondola a chigawo mtanda wa Kulumikizana zimadalira chitonthozo ndi chitetezo cha kunyumba. Pamene overloading ukagwira wochititsa ndi kutchinjiriza mwina oplavitsya, chifukwa mu moto kapena dera yochepa. Koma mtanda gawo la kuposa koyenera kumtengera wopanda pake, monga mtengo wa ukuwonjezeka chingwe.

Nthawi zambiri, izo zimatengera chiwerengero cha makasitomala, ndi woyamba tipeze mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosabisa, kenako kuchulukitsa zotsatira ndi 0,75. Tebulo EMP umagwiritsidwa katundu pa gawo mtanda wa pachingwecho. Monga izo zikhoza anatsimikiza wochititsa awiri, potsata mfundo ndi kudutsa pano. Childs, mawaya mkuwa ntchito.

The mtanda gawo la ochititsa chingwe ayenera zikugwirizana ndendende masamu - motsogozedwa kukula mulingo osiyanasiyana. The owopsa pamene otsika kwambiri. Ndiye wochititsa mowirikiza ukagwira, ndi kudzipatula msanga kwalephera. Ndipo ngati inu kwabasi yoyenera dera baka ichidachi, ndiye adzakhala ntchito pafupipafupi.

Pamene anakokomeza chigawo cha waya, ndalama zambiri. Ngakhale malo ena n'kofunika chifukwa m'tsogolo, monga ulamuliro, m'pofunika kugwirizana zida zatsopano. Iwo m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chitetezo cha 1.5.

Mawerengedwe a mphamvu okwana

Total athandizira mphamvu n'kopanda phindu kwa athandizira waukulu zipita switchboard, ndipo pambuyo ndi nthambi mu mzere:

• kuyatsa;
• kubwereketsa gulu;
• osiyana chachikulu zipangizo.

Choncho, yaikulu mtanda chigawo cha chingwe mphamvu - pakhomo. Pa asamathere mizere yafupika, malingana ndi katundu. Mu malo oyamba, anatsimikiza ndi mphamvu okwana akatundu onse. N'kosavuta, monga Corps za magetsi kunyumba ndi zitupa anthu amenewa anatchulidwa.

maofesi onse akuwonjezeka. kuwerengetsera ndi M'dera lililonse chimodzimodzi umatulutsa. Akatswiri akusonyeza kuti awonjezere ndalama ndi chinthu kuchepetsa 0,75. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pamene zipangizo zonse maukonde sali m'gulu. Ena kupereka Sankhani gawo la wokulirapo. Chifukwa, inkaperekedwa ndi kutumidwa wotsatira zipangizo zina za magetsi, Lomwe lingathe kukopedwa m'tsogolo. Tikumbukenso kuti Baibulo ili la mawerengedwe a chingwe ndi odalirika kwambiri.

Kodi kudziwa waya kukula?

Mu kuwerengetsera zonse pankakhala gawo la pachingwecho. Awiri kufotokoza mosavuta ngati inu ntchito njira:

• S = π D² / 4;
• D = √ (4 × S / π).

Kodi π = 3,14.

Phata waya choyamba koyenera kuwerengera kuchedwa kuchuluka (N). Ndiye awiri mpandawo (D) mmodzi wa iwo, kenako m'dera yachigawo anatsimikiza:

S = N × D² / 1,27.

Shackleton mawaya ntchito kumene kusinthasintha chofunika. Mtengo ochititsa olimba ntchito mu unsembe n'kupuma.

Kodi kusankha chingwe cha mphamvu?

Pofuna kunyamula Kulumikizana, ntchito katundu tebulo chingwe mtanda gawo:

• Ngati mzere ndi lotseguka-zikundithandiza 220, ndi mphamvu okwana ndi 4 kW linachokera mkuwa wochititsa gawo 1.5 mm². kukula Izi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuunikira Kulumikizana.
• Ndi mphamvu ya 6 kW chofunika wochititsa mtanda gawo zikuluzikulu - 2.5 mm². waya ntchito mwake, zomwe kulumikiza zipangizo.
• 10 kW amafuna Kulumikizana kwa 6 mm². Kawirikawiri, lakonzedwa kwa khitchini, kumene zogwiritsidwa mbaula magetsi. Kupemphera katundu otere zichitidwe mwa mzere osiyana.

Amene chingwe bwino?

Zamagetsi odziwika German mtundu chingwe NUM paudindo ndi danga zogona. Mu Russia, mtundu anamasulidwa zingwe kuti ndi makhalidwe pansipa, ngakhale akhale ndi dzina lomweli. Iwo akhoza kuwasiyanitsa ndi milozo pa pawiri mu malo pakati pa ochititsa kapena kupanda kwake.

Waya ndi multiwire monolithic akatulutsidwa. Aliyense pakati komanso lonse zopotoka amalimata PVC kunja, mmene filler aumbike therebetween nonflammable:

• Choncho, chingwe NUM ntchito m'nyumba monga kutchinjiriza pa msewu anawononga dzuwa.
• Ndipo ngati mkati ndi kunja magetsi Kulumikizana chimagwiritsidwa ntchito VVG kalasi chingwe. Ndi wotsika mtengo ndi odalirika okwanira. Pakuti atagona pansi pomwe ali osavomerezeka.
• VVG mtundu waya wapangidwa mosabisa ndi lozungulira. Pongotayira pakati pa mitima sichiri.
• Chingwe VVGng-P-LS amapanga ndi chipolopolo akunja omwe siligwirizana kuyaka. The mitima anapangidwa wozungulira kwa gawo 16 mm² ndi pamwamba - gawo.
• Brand zingwe PVS ndipo anapanga SHVVP Shackleton ndipo makamaka ntchito kulumikiza zipangizo kunyumba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamene nyumba Kulumikizana magetsi. Panja Shackleton ochititsa ali osavomerezeka chifukwa dzimbiri. Komanso, kutchinjiriza pa kupinda ming'alu pa kutentha otsika.
• Pa msewu pansipa pansi amaika mumsewu ndi zingwe oti muli nazo zida ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi ndi AVBShv VBShv. Zida zopangidwa malamba zitsulo ziwiri, amene kumawonjezera kudalirika kwa chingwe ndi kuvumbitsira kugonjetsedwa ndi maganizo makina.

Khama la katundu panopa

Chifukwa zolondola wapatsidwa chingwe mtanda gawo mawerengedwe mphamvu ndi panopa, momwe magawo zojambula kugwirizana ndi magetsi.

Pakuti Kulumikizana banja ayenera kuganizira osati katundu resistive, komanso zotakasika. The mwamphamvu panopa anatsimikiza mfundo:

Ine = P / (U ∙ cosφ ).

Amalenga zotakasika katundu fulorosenti nyali ndi Motors za magetsi magetsi (refrigerators, okonza zingalowe, zida ndiponso anthu ena.).

Chitsanzo cha kuwerengetsa chingwe mtanda gawo la panopa

Tiyeni tione mmene kukhala, ngati kuli koyenera kudziwa mtanda chigawo cha chingwe mkuwa kulumikiza zipangizo kunyumba ndi munkalowa 25 kW ndi atatu gawo makina 10 kW. kugwirizana ino zingwe zisanu pakati anaika mu nthaka. Zakudya zopangidwa kunyumba kwa zopezera atatu gawo.

Polingalira za chigawo zotakasika, zipangizo mphamvu banja ndi zida adzakhala:

• P _moyo. = 25 / 0,7 = 35.7 kW;
• P _Chiv. = 10 / 0,7 = 14.3 kW.

Tsimikizani panopa pa athandizira ndi:

• Ine _moyo. = 35,7 × 1000/220 = 162 A;
• Ine _Chiv. = 14,3 × 1000/380 = 38 A.

Ngati umodzi-gawo katundu anagawira wogawana pa magawo atatu, wina kulankhula:

Ine _Q = 162/3 = 54 A.

Gawo lirilonse adzakhala katundu panopa:

Ine _tsa = 54 + 38 = 92 A.

zipangizo zonse nthawi yomweyo sizigwira ntchito. Poganizira malire aliyense panopa gawo ali kuti:

Ine _f = 92 × 0,75 × 1,5 = 103,5 A.

The asanu zingwe wochititsa atengedwa mu nkhani yekha gawo akuwauza. Chifukwa chingwe anaika mu nthaka, zingadziŵike chifukwa panopa 103,5 A mtanda gawo 16 mm² (Katundu tebulo-gawo mtanda chingwe).

Takambiranazi mawerengedwe amperage amapulumutsa ndalama chifukwa pamafunika yocheperako mtanda gawo. Pa mawerengedwe ndi akhakula mphamvu chingwe, wochititsa mtanda gawo la mm² 25, limene ingathe zodula.

The voteji dontho pa chingwe cha

The ochititsa ndi kukana, amene ayenera kuwaganizira. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa nthawi yaitali lalikulu chingwe kapena-gawo mtanda wake wamng'ono. PES anakhazikitsa mfundo imene voteji dontho pa chingwe ayenera musalumphe 5%. mawerengedwe kumachitika m'njira zotsatirazi.

1. Anafunitsitsa wochititsa kukana: R = 2 × (ρ × L) / S .
2. Kodi voteji dontho: U _PAD. = Ine × R. Poyerekezera ndi kuchuluka liniya zidzakhala: _U% = (U _PAD / U _{Lin ..)} × 100.

Mu mitunduyi, ndi kalembedwe:

• ρ - resistivity × Ohm mm² / mamita;
• S - mtanda yachigawo m'dera mm².

Chinthu wa 2 limasonyeza kuti panopa ukuyenda mu m'magawo awiri.

Chitsanzo cha mawerengedwe dontho la chingwe voteji

Mwachitsanzo, m'pofunika kuwerengera voteji dontho kudutsa wochititsa gawo kunyamula 2.5 mm², kutalika 20 m. M'pofunika kugwirizana kuwotcherera thiransifoma 7 kW.

• Waya kulimbana ndi: R = 2 (0,0175 × 20) / 2.5 = 0.28 ohms.
• The mwamphamvu ziliri pa wochititsa ndi: I = 7000/220 = 31,8 A.
• The voteji dontho kunyamulirana: U _PAD. = 31,8 × 0,28 = 8,9 V.
• Chiwerengero cha dontho voteji: _U% = (8,9 / 220) × 100 = 4.1%.

Kunyamula oyenera kuwotcherera makina a malamulo ntchito zofunika magetsi monga kuchuluka kugwa pa izo voteji ndi malire yachibadwa. Komabe, phindu lake mu kotunga kutsogolera waukulu, zikhoza kusokoneza ndondomeko kuwotcherera. Apa m'pofunika kufufuza m'munsi kololeka voteji malire makina kuwotcherera.

Pomaliza

Kuti molondola kuteteza Kulumikizana kwa kutenthedwa pa nthawi yaitali ndi oveteredwa panopa, chingwe mtanda gawo kuchita masamu ndi chovomerezeka mafunde mosalekeza. The mawerengedwe ndi wosalira ngati katundu tchati ntchito pa chingwe mtanda gawo. Chifukwa zolondola analandira ngati mawerengedwe a imagwiridwa ndi pazipita katundu panopa. Ndipo kwa khola ndi Pomalizira ntchito yoyang'anira dera baka ichidachi Kulumikizana anaika.