Olesha "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna": ndemanga buku. Nthano "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna": review

"Mu nthano - bodza, choncho ..." Ndi kutambasuka kwa owerenga otchuka ndi bwino makoti angapo othinana onse Chirasha. Izi mwatchutchutchu kuti Pushkin nthano zogwirizana ndi ora lino, chifukwa ambiri polemba chinenero adakali muyezo wa nzeru zosaneneka, kutha akalumikidzidwa yosavuta zithunzi. Ntchito zoterozo amatha kukumbukira zina za moyo wamkulu. Mmodzi wa iwo - Buku la "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna" - m'nkhani ino.

mfundo mbiri

Ngakhale kuti mabuku cholowa Olesha wopangidwa mwa nthano pamwamba, buku "Kaduka", nkhani yochepa ndi masewero, ndi laling'ono mokwanira, malo ake mu mabuku Russian kuwabwezera. Wolemba tsogolo anabadwa mu Elisavetgrad (pano Kirovograd), koma ubwana wake ndi unyamata anakhala mu Odessa. mumsewumo anali olemba otchuka monga Bagritsky ndi Kataeva. Pamodzi ndi iwo, anasamukira ku Moscow, amene anali chabe anachoka zochitika kunachitika. Apo izo akukumana ndi anthu olemba nkhani amene anafika ku likulu ku Kiev (mwachitsanzo Bulgakovym) zoti mu pepala "Beep" ndi kutola ndi alias "chisel" ndi anatengera kulemba feyletony. Recent apambananso zidzasintha.

Mbiri ya nthano

buku lakuti "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna" lidalembedwa pamwamba 1924. Mlembi wa lingaliro zinalakwika zenera wa aneba anaona mtsikana Valya Gryunzayd amene kuwerenga Andersen ndi maphwando a nkhani. Wolemba analonjeza ake kuti Kulenga zofanana, ndipo popanda kuganizira za nkhani mzere chipani, n'kuyamba kugwira ntchitoyo.

The ndondomeko kulenga zinachitika mu "Buzzer" nyumba, amene anali ngati ganyu pogona kwa olemba pokhala. Olesha timawakumbukira zosangalatsa nthawi linagwedezeka mbiya, amene chinalepheretsa wolemba. Ndi dzanja limodzi, iye anali kugwira osaweruzika mchitidwe wopemphapempha chokongoletsera kusindikiza ndiponso zina kulenga bukhu la umangoyendabe. Pomaliza, ndi nthano "Atatu Mafuta Amuna" linalembedwa ndi anatumiza kusindikiza.

zikuluzikulu za nkhaniyo

Kuyambira tsamba loyamba owerenga ndi kumizidwa mu zongopeka dziko, amene analamulira ndi atatu Podge. Iwo amanena kuti lagawidwa olemera ndi osauka, pang'onopang'ono kukhwima zisinthe. Mmodzi wa inspirers ake maganizo - gunsmith Prospero - amapita ku ndende. Koma ufulu ndiye bwenzi lake, Tibul tightrope choyendera, amene asilikali olondera amaona zonse Dr. Gaspar, wachifundo kwa osauka. Chosintha amaphunzira za zobisika ndimeyi mobisa kutsogolera molunjika ku nyumba yachifumu Tolstyakov ...

Panthawiyi, asilikali kuswa wolowa zidole olamulira, mnyamata Tutti. zidole wosweka kupereka Gaspar, amene ayenera kukonza, mwinamwake izo amadikirira chilango cha imfa usiku. Podziwa kuti kuti sangathe anachita, dokotala ukugwira chidole kubwerera ku nyumba yachifumu, koma ndi njira zake kutaya. Tikayang'ana kwa chidole, iye akhumudwa pa galimoto ojambula zithunzi, kumene anakumana ndi mtsikana Swauk ofanana ngati madontho awiri a madzi pa imfa. Bakuman pa kanthu Tibula akulowa yachifumu ndi akumasula Prospero. Pakuti ichi akukumana chilango cha imfa, koma boma, pamapeto pake mwayi: alonda ali kumbali yawo, ndi mphamvu zoipa kuponyera kumbali. Apa ndi nthano kutha.

Otchulidwa, mlingo maganizo, intertextuality

Chifanizo cha nkhani ya heroine - Swauk - kumachititsanso zochitika zodabwitsa kwa wolemba. Otsutsa amene analemba "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna" ndemanga za bukhu, sakanachitira mwina koma zindikirani kuti dzina la mtsikana ali consonant ndi maina Olgi Suok - mkazi Olesha. Zimenezi zinatchulidwa ndi wolemba yekha kudzipereka, mochenjera kwambiri ndi iwo, ndi owerenga, chifukwa mpaka mapeto a masiku ake anakhalabe m'cikondi ndi wamng'ono mlongo mkazi, Seraphim. Iye nayenso Komabe, kukhala ndi chikhalidwe anasintha wapadera, zonse anachoka Olesha. Otsiriza a amuna ake anatchuka Viktor Shklovsky, ndi Yuri, ankavutitsidwa maganizo amorous, anakwatira Olga. Chifaniziro cha chidole mtsikana si munthu, komanso maziko zolembalemba. Wokwanira kukumbukira zilembo makatoni kuchokera "The zisudzo zoonera" Blok kapena Olympia wotchuka "Sandman" HOFFMANN.

Ngati wotsutsa Soviet, akufuna kulemba pa "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna" review, onetsetsani kutsimikizidwa chosintha mankhwala, kutanthauzira ano kulola kupita mwakuya mu vuto mlingo wa nthano. Choncho, cholinga cha kulimbana munthu ndi makina chikugwirizana ndi zidole kale kachitidwe, komanso lakuthwa ndi Prospero asayansi Tubom. Zinali iye amene analenga mtsikana makina ndipo anakana mwa dongosolo la Tolstyakov alimbikire kuti Tutti makina mtima. Apa amazembera Buku zoonekeratu kuti powonekera wotchuka mu "The Snow Mfumukazi" ndi Andersen.

Tutti lonse Nkhani pamene limayenda pa "mawotchi" kuti "moyo" dziko. Ngakhale kuti ganizo mtima analephera, amuna onenepa sadziwa bwalo chikhalidwe wolowa nyama zakutchire ndi chidole makina. Osati mwangozi kuti chilakolako zobisika kupeza moyo weniweni wa mwanayo, ngakhale anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a yonyansa, guardsman mtima pamene iye anamva lupanga lake makina analogi Swauk. Kumwalira kwa mwanayo anayamba kulira, ndipo ndi Tolstyakov zinali zoopsa kwambiri kuposa malankhulidwe onse kunachitika Prospero. Maganizo akuwuka kwa Tutti, akusonyeza pamaso pa moyo, choncho tycoons dongosolo anakhalabe padera.

anamukana poyamba

Pambuyo mapeto a nthano "Atatu Mafuta Amuna" amayenera kugona mu Oleshi tebulo zaka zitatu. Monga mukudziwa, onse wosangalatsa si olandiridwa kwambiri masiku amenewo. omanga Tsogolo la chikominisi sangathe ndendende kuwerenga ngati nthano monga "Atatu Mafuta Men." Reviews m'buku akhala zoipa - bwino, uyu anali kuyembekezera. Kotero, m'modzi wa ndemanga ochepa ankatchedwa chinachake chonga "Kodi si kulemba mabuku a ana." Koma tsopano zikuoneka zodabwitsa, monga ulamuliro zosonyeza, kutali aesthetics cha Kuzindikira chikhalidwe buku "Kaduka" anatha kupereka kwa buku la wolemba nthano mu 1928.

Unikani L. Chukovskaia

Mu 1940, nthawi wachiwiri zinatuluka "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna". Reviews m'buku kachiwiri, akhala zambiri negative. Pakati pawo ndi review Lidii Chukovskoy kuti anaona nyota undoubted m'buku lakuti (pamaso pa chiwembu yosangalatsa), amanena kuti nthano ndi "ozizira". Malinga ndi wotsutsa, iwo sangasankhe chisoni m'nkhaniyi, mosiyana ndi ntchito za yemweyo Mark awiri. Mlandu waukulu Lydia sostoyallo kuti ntchito zawo Olesha - "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna", "Kaduka" ndi nkhani - anadyetsa chidwi kwambiri ndi zinthu .... Choncho, chidwi ngati kuti zinthu zopanda moyo zinali kudzabisika mphwayi kwa anthu.

Ngakhale kuti maganizo nthano wakhala anathandizira, pang'ono wamatama patsogolo - monga "Rose utsanulidwa ngati compote ndi" - kwambiri saphunzira amaonera mfundo yaikulu, kuti ndi nkhondo anthu ndi opondereza anzawo. Komabe, si ofunika popanga maganizo anu a wolemba, kudalira kuzipenya ndi ndemanga izi: "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna" Olesha analemba pokonzekera unsembe zosonyeza wa "Kaduka", omwe anakhala wakuti mabuku Russian wa 20s lapansi. Makamaka yekha Lydia Chukovskaia mosadziwa anasonyeza lamulo awo kalembedwe imeneyi, kunena za "vagaries wa nkhaniyi," wamira ku mathithi ndi mapiri madzi shuga.

ndemanga zabwino

Osip Mandelstam anayamikira "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna". Reviews m'buku (kapena kani, kubwerezanso), wolemba ndakatulo anayamba ndi kopanda: ngati Oleshi nthano anasinthidwa, ndiye adzakhala kwa owerenga Russian anagwira yekha ndipo anavomereza kuti sanali kudziwa wolemba oterowo mwaluso. Nthawiyi Mandelstam taonera ndi kuwawa mantha awo zotsutsa kuti zinkandisangalatsa wolemba wamng'ono waganiza kumachilambalala nthano phwando. Ndipo pachabe, chifukwa ndi prose wa sikelo European, umene kuwerenga ndi akulu ndi ana.

Zojambula Oleshi ndi modernity

Monga mukuonera, ulosi Mandelstam unakwaniritsidwa ndendende. Nthano ya Tibule ndi Swauk anali zosasinthika. Iye anajambula, analenga Baibulo ed, mabuku a "Yu lolembedwa Olesha "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna", "kukometsera maalumali wa malaibulale komanso masitolo, chimene adachipasula kale ikuonetsa chidwi pa gawo la anthu kuwerenga ndi mankhwala.