Old kusaka mfuti (chithunzi). Ndingatani kulembetsa mfuti yanga yakale? Kusamalira mfuti akulu choyambitsa. The wamkulu mpweya mfuti

Osati nyumbayi mungapeze lero mfuti akale. mukusoŵa isungidwa mabanja ambiri, kumene ankakhala alenje. Mmodzi anali wobadwa nawo, ena anamupeza atafa Agogo kapena agogo, ndi munthu chabe "kudwala" wa zida zimenezi ndi kugula pa mpata ukapezeka.

Ubwino mfuti akale

Anakumana ndi mwayi kugula ndi mfuti akale kapena ntchito, munthu zikufanana ndi zatsopano. Chitsanzo chosonyeza kuti si nthawi zonse novohonky Mwachitsanzo bwino kuposa m'bale wake ndi mbiri theka ya atumwi. mfundo ndi yakuti ndi ntchito mosamala, kusunga moyenera komanso kuisamalira moyo wa mfuti akale kusaka imakula.

Palinso chinthu china chofunika kuti likukhudza khalidwe la thunthu chopangidwa. Current misa limapanga mfuti makina popanda akatswiri zamanja. Chotero mankhwala alibe moyo. Old Kusaka mfuti, amene chikalata monga muyezo ngakhale zoyambirira za mazana makumi awiri, ndi khalidwe la dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa apamwamba kuposa masiku ano, ofanana kupanga wagawo wina kwenikweni masiku ano.

N'chifukwa chake alenje mwaphamphu akuyesera kuti agule mfuti, amene Chaka chikukhudza zoyambirira za mazana makumi awiri (mwinanso kutha kwa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi la). Iwo amaganiza: ndi dzuwa onse zamakono akatswiri mfuti ambuye si m'malo.

mfuti Old zidzasankhidwa ndi mtundu wa i kuwoneka. Tiyeni tione ena mwa iwo: ndi kudya ndi neotkidyvayuschimisya makungwa; ndi mbiya imodzi kapena ziwiri; ndi mfuti ndipo popanda iwo.

Popular osakwatiwa-barreled mfuti

Mapeto a chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi - m'ma makumi awiri amakhala ndi chakuti mu manja a alenje kunapezeka kuti kwambiri zida otembenuka. Anthu anawatcha "berdanami". Iwo anali mfuti ndi mbiya neotkidyvayuschimsya. Adasandulika mfuti asilikali monga "Berdan-2" kapena trohlineyki Mosin. limasinthira kwambiri opangidwa Izhevsk ndi Tula ayenga. Kuyambira mfuti "Berdan-2" analandira mfuti singly mlandu 16, 20, 24 kapena 28 n'zotsimikizira. Mbiya kutalika ranged kwa masentimita 68 ndi 69, thupi kuyambira makilogalamu 2.6 kuti 2.9 Nchito.

Kuyambira Mosin mfuti constructor Frolov Ngokhoza kulenga osakwatiwa-kuwombera mfuti calibers 20 ndi 24 ndi sitolo 28 (awiri katiriji) ndi 32 (zitatu katiriji) likungosonyeza. "Frolovka" anali pang'ono kovuta Berdan (osachepera 2.8 makilogalamu, munthu pazipita makilogalamu 3.). Nkhondo itatha anayamba kutulutsa P-32, lokhala ndi anawomberedwa 32 n'zotsimikizira chitsanzo. Ndi 1948, anamasulidwa anali inaimitsidwa. mfuti awa anali wotsika mtengo koma makhalidwe awo sanali kwambiri. Choncho, mofulumira athamangisa chitsanzo latsopano.

Single-akale kusaka mfuti ndi yopindika mbiya akhoza kukhala choyambitsa ndi hammerless. Mu zaka 20 zaka mazana makumi awiri tinayamba mpaka mndandanda kupanga chitsanzo cha IL-5 kwa dzanja potsekula chapamwamba. Iwo anali opangidwa ndi Izhevsk ndi Tula ayenga. Gages chopangidwa mfuti osakwatiwa-barreled - 12, 16, 20, 24 ndi 28.

Nkhondo Izhevsky fakitale kusintha kumasulidwa odnostvolok 16, 20, 28 ndi 32 gauges m'munsi potsekula ndalezo (LC, ml). Kenako chitsanzo - IL 17 - anapanga magulu chachikulu, ndi kukhala pa utumiki wa asodzi lero.

Hammerless osakwatiwa-barreled mfuti anapanga dziko lathu nkhondo itatha. chitsanzo ichi ZKB ndi IZHB. Mu zaka zao za sikisite oyambirira pamaziko a awo cholinga IL-18. Mu zosintha zosiyanasiyana mfuti ndi chikalata mpaka mu Ustinov chomera makina. Malinga ndi zimene zinachitikira alenje waluso akhoza amanena kuti zaka osakwatiwa-mbiya mfuti mwachuluka kuposa anzawo a makono.

wamba mfuti

Ngakhale chithumwa zida osakwatiwa-barreled, zatchuka kwambiri akale awiri barreled mfuti. kupangidwa, umene unayamba pa chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, chinakhalapo mpaka Mipingo ya. Choyamba mfuti chitsanzo B, ndiye ku mapeto a magulu a - BM. Likungosonyeza osakhala ambiri anali 16 TH, 20 TH pang'ono ndipo ngakhale zochepa za 12.. TOZ 63 chitsanzo opangidwa 16 ndi 20 n'zotsimikizira, 66-TOZ - 12, 54-TOZ - makamaka 12 n'zotsimikizira. Chotero chida abwino kuwombera ndi buckshot, ndi zipolopolo za. Asodzi ndi mafani chikondwerero woyenerera ake kwa mtundu uliwonse wa nyama, chomasuka ntchito, zodalirika.

Pa choyambitsa dvustvolok Tula kupanga kutsamwa machubu ndi osiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri bwino mbiya - yamphamvu kuthamanga, yamphamvu, poluchok; Kumanzere mbiya - kutsamwa kapena poluchok. Mbiya kutalika 70-72 cm. The makungwa a loko bawuti ndi angapeze pa awiri ngowe m'munsi. mfuti KATUNDU logwirana ali akapsa kunja ndi akapsa awiri. The choyambitsa ndi limagwirira nyundo a loko anaika matabwa. Kurki ndi theka-tambala, ndi erection Buku awo jekeseni mainspring. Kawirikawiri kubindikira mu mfuti zopangidwa birch kapena mumamera mtedza zina. mfuti kulemera - za zitatu makilogalamu.

Izhevsk mbewu opangidwa mfuti hammerless ndi kudya mbiya. zaka khumi (1936-1946 gg.) Model IZHB 36 zinalengedwa lalikulu zedi ndi maloko pa matabwa kumbali. IZHB-36M kusinthidwa mndandanda inafalitsidwa yekha mu 1947. Awa ndi mankhwala ndi zungulira patatu, basi chitetezo otomnym forearm, 12 likungosonyeza. mfuti Old omasuka ndi cholimba ntchito.

Pambuyo kufala chambiri yopanga kusaka mfuti Izhevsk Mawotchi Bzalani anaikidwa mu chitsanzo kuŵeta IL 49. Izi kawiri-barreled mfuti 12 kapena 16 n'zotsimikizira (Ndikagulu kochepa anamasulidwa 20 n'zotsimikizira).

Mankhwala specifications zasintha mu 1954, tikaonetsetsa malangizo a alenje, adawamasulira chitsanzo kusinthidwa wa IL 54. Common 12 likungosonyeza mbiya anali kutalika 750 mm (Kuti - 730 mm). M'litali m'chipinda - masentimita asanu. Choke ndi mawonekedwe parabolic: thunthu bwino - poluchok 0.5 kuphatikiza kapena opanda 0,05 mamilimita; mu thunthu kumanzere - zonse kutsamwa 1.0 kuphatikiza kapena opanda 0,05 mm. Kumasula ndalezo pamwamba. Mfuti ndi zungulira patatu. Limagwirira choyambitsa yakwera m'munsi osiyana. Zikhomo ndi nyundo wokwera mu brandtrubkah. Pamene kutsegula mfuti nyundo ndi cocked. Pambuyo pomenya nyundo pa pini yowotcha, abwerera kumka ku positi otsiriza, kumasula wopha lapansi. Lama fuyusi maloko basi akapsa monong'ona. Zimenezi zimathandiza mwangozi kuwombera mfuti amadza. Handguard ndi mtundu latch adzakoka chokhethemulira, otomnoe. Kulemera 3,2-3,6 makilogalamu mfuti. Kamangidwe chingathe kupirira popanda zotsatira 7.500 akatemera.

IL 54 anali woyamba kupanga chitsanzo hammerless mfuti mu USSR. Ndi wachikulire mfuti choyambitsa molondola ndipo analandira kufala kwambiri pakati alenje.

Bakuman popanda nyundo, olengedwa Tula, sanalandire zotchuka chotere. Tula Zida Bzalani anakhala mfuti wotchuka ndi mikondo choimirira. Tula vertikalka MTS6 ndi Izhevsk Izh-12 ankagwira ntchito mofanana. mfuti amenewa adakonda asodzi. Iwo akhoza kusaka ndi waterfowl ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono (akalulu, ankhandwe). Iwo amakhala odalirika mu kusakasaka zolusa (nkhandwe, chimbalangondo) ndi ungulates. Thunthu m'munsi ndi abwino kwa zipolopolo ntchito. Tsopano tiyeni chitsanzo IL-27, ndi kusinthidwa wa IL-12.

Masiku ano, zaka IZH kupitiriza kusangalala kutchuka kwambiri. Kubanki makamaka ndi IL 56 chitsanzo (zosintha 1, 2, 3) "Mapuloteni". Kunja kwa choyambitsa chitsanzo ichi chimatsutsana pa migolo onse. Kusinthana kwa mbiya wina ndi mzake chabe akanikizire batani ili ziyangoyango shank. The kusinthidwa yamasika osiyana mu oposa mbiya yosalala ndi rifled mbiya chambered 5 ndi 6 mamilimita likungosonyeza.

Ambiri a zanyengo anafotokoza akhala idaleka kubala. Koma kawirikawiri mutha kuona alenje amene ntchito mfuti akale. makope Photo podobnh mukuonera nkhaniyi. mfuti izi sikuti kugona mu otetezedwa ndi molondola kupirira ntchito bwino ntchito zake.

Old kusaka pneumatics

Limodzi mwa madera a mitengo ikuluikulu kusaka - ndi mfuti akale mpweya. Air mfuti opangidwa IMZ, inasanduka mtundu lonse. Makasitomala ochokera m'mayiko onse CIS ndi a mtundu umenewu chida ndi ulemu waukulu ndiponso kuyamikira. Ambiri a kuwombera wake woyamba chinapangidwa kuchokera ku mfuti mpweya. N'zosavuta ntchito, wodalirika komanso cholimba mwa aiming ntchito. Mfuti "Izhevsk" ndi abwino maphunziro kuwombera ndi kusaka ndi chofunika kwambiri.

Malinga likungosonyeza, mukhoza kuwerenga pa nyama zina. Choncho, ndi likungosonyeza wa 4.5 mamilimita kuchita masamu pa bakha kapena thrush pokhudzana ndi nyumba, tsekwe, fizanti, grouse kapena kalulu pokhudzana ndi mutu. Novice mlenje liziwomba masewera kuchokera pa mtunda wa zosaposa makumi asanu mamita (ngakhale aliyense payekha).

malamulo Russian amalowerera zoletsa kuti kusaka mfuti mpweya. Zikuphatikizapo: kuipanikiza mphamvu osapitirira 25 J; zaka mwini si pasanathe zaka 18 (kwa zaka 16 analola mu Tyumen ndi Tomsk zigawo); kulembetsa mu masabata awiri; lamulo kukhazikitsa silencers. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti mfuti mpweya wakale likungosonyeza apamwamba kutaya molondola koma kumawonjezera mphamvu akuwerengabe. Pankhaniyi, thunthu amakhala molimbika mofulumira avale.

kusankha Features

Ngati munthu wasankha kugula wakale ohotnicho mfuti, afunikira kumvetsa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa chinthu. Ndi chinthu chimodzi - kukangamira pa chipupa ndi makhalidwe deta yake. Ndi zokwanira bwinobwino mfuti akale. Photos ndi maonekedwe awo, nawonso, adzakhala okwanira. Ndi pagona - kugwiritsa ntchito kwa cholinga chake. Ngakhale mfuti zaka ponseponse wogula adzakhala ndi nkhawa otetezedwa bwino ndi kuyendera chinthu kugula.

mfuti anayendera ayenera kuyamba ziyangoyango wake pamwamba. Zimatha kuyambitsa pa kuwomba mpweya ku phunziroli kwa anthu zitsulo Mzere mmenemo ndi kuyambitsa dzimbiri. Izi anamuona pa chifukwa mphete amatopa ndi caverns pafupi Ndiuze. mipweya izi attenuate wopha lapansi. Pamene ntchito mfuti ndi yopanda chilema sangathe lilibe nkhonya-mmbuyo, amene angathe kuwononga (mwachitsanzo, mu yojambula mu bokosi kuti Mphambano chipika malo) kapena kuvulala muvi.

Zinthu zotsatirazi: yovuta shat mitengo ikuluikulu mu chipika. Timatha kudziwa kupezeka kwa mipata pakati pa PAD ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Ngati avale okwanira katundu amadza ndi nakweza mawu ake, imbaenda ku maonekedwe a mipata mu mfundo lanu. Chifukwa ndi zimayambira mtanda-anthuwo kuvutika. Number anatuluka mipata kungachititse kuti kutsegula kwa mfuti mbiya kapena chotupa. Munthu ndi mavuto ndi kuvulala kwambiri.

The breakage yoopsa kwambiri ya lanu chipangizo kapena shutter akasupe precipitate. Zili ndi mphamvu masika zimadalira kudalirika kwa potseka mbale kupha. Chosowa kudzimbidwa odalirika kumaonjezera ngozi ya inadvertent Kuwulura mfuti. Maulendo wamanja mpweya umuna kusiyana kuipanikiza kuwononga kuthekera kwa chowombelera msaki.

zolakwika makungwa

Ndi ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, pali mfuti zitsulo kutopa. Izi ndi zotsatira za Phokoso ndi kutambasula migodi katundu mantha ndi torques. The zowononga kwambiri mbiya amaonedwa "chipolopolo". Mu Soviet Union anakana kulembetsa mfuti, ngati 15% ya malo padziko thunthu yonsene iyadzala na iwo. Malo a "Tikafika" kumathandizanso. Ndi oopsa makamaka slug polowera ndipo katiriji chipinda (otchedwa pachimake kuthamanga zone). Small zidzolo kapena mphamvu osvintsovka mbiya ndi mfuti nkhondo si bwanji.

Kuwononga mfuti mbiya mu mawonekedwe a dents komanso ali oopsa. zitsulo angakhale wotopa ndi malire kukhuthala pa kuwomba kuti ligwe. M'pofunika kulabadira mfuti ndi lumikiza. Apa ndi pamene mbiya ndi chipinda anapangidwa payokha ndiyeno soldered. Pamphambano m'chipinda ndi mbiya angaoneke kagawo. Ichi ndi choopsa chifukwa mpirawo akhoza kupanga chisokonezo chipinda.

The choyambitsa limagwirira ndi chidwi. Zolakwa USM kutsogolera zambiri kuti kulephera kwa nyundo. Mfuti akhoza moto pamene logwedezeka kapena waponya. Chifukwa vuto ndi kuvala chinkhoswe protrusions wa choyambitsa ndi sear sear masika breakage, kuvala nkhwangwa ankafika choyambitsa ndi sear. A lama fuyusi wolakwika ayenera kukhala chifukwa kuvomerezedwa chifukwa chokana kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti ili kwa cholinga chake.

zopindika mphanga

Ena mafani kupitiriza kusaka ndi waya wokutidwa ndi tepi zokutira zitsulo kapena manyumba ogona, kapena kungoti ndi odulidwa butts. Komanso kuunika choipa bounced tchipisi akhoza zopezera yoopsa kwambiri kuwonongeka chifukwa mwachisawawa kapena awiri kuwombera. Chifukwa: The chidutswa matabwa pang'ono angakwanitse lodygi m'khutu kapena kulinga "akuyendayenda" mu bokosi.

Kumene, zolakwa zonse pamwamba kungakhale kuyesa kukonza. Koma muyenera kupeza mwini, ndi kuti ngakhale tikukumana ndi mavuto si kophweka.

Kulembetsa ndi kuchotsa kwa m'kaundula

akale mfuti kupeza kumabweretsa kufunika kulembetsa ake. Pa funso mmene kulembetsa ndi mfuti akale popanda zikalata, ndipo mukhoza kupeza mayankho zotsutsana. iwo onse wiritsani pansi ku zovuta za njira zimenezi. izo zikuwoneka zophweka chiphunzitso. Sitepe yoyamba ndi kulemba kufotokoza moyenera ndi mutu wa Dipatimenti ya pulogalamuyo ndipo ntchito zololera (OLRR). M'pofunika mwachindunji chiyambi cha mfuti popanda zikalata (tinatengera kwa agogo ake opezeka mu shedi, ndi zina zotero). Onetsetsani kuti mwachindunji kuti mukufuna kuti mutenge thunthu la zidutswa, ndi kulembetsa okha. Mfuti ayenera-onani, kulilembanso chiwerengero ndi kupempha kwa pakati zambiri. Ndisonyezeni kuwombera mu dziwe-gilzoteke. Ndi zabwino, ife tikufika satifiketi nachiyika pa mbiri. Chirichonse.

Zenizeni kungachititse kuti njira ina, pang'onopang'ono, ndi zotchinga ndi kuchedwa. Pankhaniyi, ngati chinthu choyamba, udzapeza kulephera, masitepe ena onse ayenera kumwedwa pambuyo Kudandaula kubwalo lamilandu ndipo kupeza maganizo ake.

The zinthu zovuta chonse cha mfuti akale ndi zikalata. M'pofunika kupereka pepala pa thunthu, kutsimikizira umwini wako (cholowa, kugula, chopereka) pa izo ndi phukusi la zikalata m'malo anu chilolezo kuphunzira, kusunga ndi usilikali.

Yankho la funso ngati n'zotheka kulembetsa mfuti akale, ndi losavuta kwambiri. Inde, mungathe. Konzani yekha ntchito nthawi, ndalama ndi misempha. Nthawi zina, kulembetsa akhoza kutenga miyezi isanu, ndipo nthawi zina zaka zingapo.

Koma deregister mfuti akale zosavuta. Kuchita izi, kupita ku polisi mawu za kudzipereka zaufulu mbiya. Zida kufufuza, kulemba chiwerengero (ngati mulibe, anapereka kanthawi siriyo nambala kulembetsa) ndi kukupatsani chiphaso (buku limodzi Ufumuyo thunthu).

Chalk koyenera chisamaliro

Bwino bungwe thunthu yosungirako imafika makhalidwe ake kumenyana kwa zaka zambiri. Kunyalanyaza kapena khalidwe loipa akhoza ngakhale kuwononga mfuti chidwi kwambiri. N'zodziwikiratu kuti mfuti asungidwe pamalo otetezeka wapadera, kotero kuti palibe wakunjayo kuzitenga izo, ntchito, kapena kuononga. malo abwino kukhala wouma, chifukwa chinyontho - mdani chachikulu cha chitsulo. mfuti ophimba adzakhala kuchitidwa pa nkhani yapadera (mlandu).

Inu nthawi zonse tiyenera kuyendera, mafuta ndi kuyeretsa mfuti. Kuti akwanitse kukonza zina amafuna Chalk. Izi kukonza ndodo nsonga zosiyanasiyana thereto (kuwomba, burashi, mafuno abwino), lubricator, awiri kapena atatu lakuthwa matabwa timitengo. Monga kuyeretsa zipangizo ntchito mosamala akutambasula nsalu youma (nsalu kapena thonje nsalu), amene kusungidwa kotero kuti kugunda mchenga, kapena ena akunja zinthu zazing'ono.

kukonza mfuti

Pamene inu kugula zipangizo zonse mukhoza kuyamba njirayi zofunika. Kodi kuyeretsa ndi mfuti akale? Mwezi uliwonse, thunthu, ngakhale alibe munthu amagwiritsa izo, ayenera kutsukidwa, onse ziwalo zitsulo kuchitira wochuluka chiguduli. Chinyezi pambuyo kuyanika lubricant kungachititse kuti dzimbiri. Kondomu bwino ntchito wakuda ndi yomata, ndale. Achikulire mfuti popanda zida autoloading angakhale naco mafuta.

Chifukwa chololera potsegula makungwa ayenera kusankha mtundu wa mafuta pa zofunika mwachindunji ku malongosoledwe a chitsanzo. Ndale mafuta mosavuta siyanitsa ndi zazikulu ndi mkuwa wamanja. Kunachita mdima wa mkuwa m'malo mwa mafuta limasonyeza zamchere chilengedwe chake. M'malo mwake, lubricants wapadera angagwiritsidwe ntchito bulauni (chikasu) Vaselini, tallow (ng'ombe kapena mutton abwino, kwenikweni unsalted). Kunja mfuti komanso amateteza ku chinyezi phula (Mwaichi ayenera zidzasungunuka mu turpentine kapena mafuta).

Pambuyo aliyense zofunika kuwombera kuyeretsa mbiya. Muyenera madzi otentha. Oyera nsalu momuzungulira ramrod, muyenera kugumula mbiya. Kuchepetsa malekezero a zimayambira mu madzi, ndi squeegee kusunthira mmwamba ndi pansi njira, nthawi eyiti khumi. Kusintha nsalu pa tchire zitsulo ndi kubwereza ndondomeko. Kumapeto kwa kuyeretsa ndi oyera Muzitsuka madzi ndi misozi youma ndi mbali mkati ndi kunja. Gwirani mafuta ndale. Sopo madzi uzigwirizana bwino ndi madipoziti atsopano, pansi dzimbiri, amachotsa osvintsovku. Kusamalira mfuti akulu choyambitsa pafupifupi mofanana zina makungwa kwa kusaka.

Nthawi muyenera khutu ku mbali ya mtengo wa mfuti. Birch ndi butts mumamera ayenera kuchita chipikisheni kwa ming'alu mu tchipisi lacquer ❖ kuyanika. Space mafelemu a mbali zitsulo nthawi zina ayenera mosamala kusamalira zachilengedwe linseed mafuta. Kuwononga kuyeretsa kuchokera zatsalira utoto kuphimba banga kupeza ankafunila mtundu ndi ntchito zigawo zingapo lacquer. Ming'alu mu forearm zikawoneka pambuyo mphero kotenga m'munsi gawo (propyl makulidwe - za 1.5 mm). Potsatira malamulo yosavuta, tikhoza kuonetsetsa kuti ngakhale mfuti akale lidzaonekera latsopano.