Nyanja Tectonic ndi zitsanzo za mndandanda. Yaikulu glacial-tectonic nyanja

Nyanjayi ndi mchitidwe hydrosphere lapansi. Izi madzi, akuwuka mwachibadwa chongopeka. Nlodzala mwa bedi lake ndi madzi ndipo alibe kugwirizana kwa nyanja kapena nyanja. Mu dziko muli anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 5 a matupi awa madzi.

makhalidwe General

Kumbali ya nyanja mapulaneti ndi zayamba m'khola nthawi ndi malo chinthu, wodzazidwa ndi mankhwala mu madzi mawonekedwe. M'njira Hrs, izo zikufotokozedwa monga chatsekedwa recess chotchedwa sushi, amene alowa ndi madzi amasonkhana. Mipweya nyanja sichitha pa nthawi ndi nthawi za nthawi. Mabukuwa kudzaza kusinthidwa, koma zambiri kamodzikamodzi kuposa mu mtsinje. M'njira, pano mu izo, sachita monga wafala kudziwa mode lapansi. Lakes kupereka lamulo utuluke mtsinje. Mu madzi anayesedwa mankhwala anachita. Pa ankachita mwa zinthu anakaika zakufa pansi, ndi zina pochitika m'madzi. Mu ena Madamu, zambiri popanda otaya, kuchuluka zili mchere chifukwa evaporation. Chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi pali kusintha kwakukulu mu mchere nyanja ndi mchere zikuchokera. Chifukwa chachikulu matenthedwe inertia chinthu chachikulu kufewetsa nyengo mabacteria pafupi, kuchepetsa nyengo ndi pachaka nyengo oscillations.

mabedi bottomset

Pamene kudzikundikira kusintha yokulirapo ya mpumulo, kukula kwa mabeseni nyanja. Pamene eutrophication mitundu yatsopano amayambira - mosabisa ndi otukukira kunja. Lakes zambiri kupanga chopinga pansi. Zimenezi, amachititsa waterlogging malo moyandikana dziko. Mu nyanja, pali kudzikundikira mosalekeza a mchere ndi nyengo organic. Chifukwa ndi wamphamvu mafuta makulidwe. Iwo kusinthidwa mu njira ya pofuna kukwaniritsa Madamu ndi akatembenuka m'dziko kapena dambo. Akamaziwononga, matope lidzasinthidwa mchere thanthwe chiyambi organic.

Features yophunzitsa

Madamu zikhonza kukhalapo pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. oyambitsa awo chilengedwe mphepo, madzi, mphamvu tectonic. Kunjaku ikhoza kuchapidwa m'madzi beseni. Chifukwa mphepo kanthu anapanga poyambira. Glacier polishes M'mimbamo ndipo zimayambira kugwa phiri mtsinje chigwa. Choncho bedi tsogolo la dziwe. Mutayankha madzi nyanja zimachitika. Mu madzi madera ali m'magulu malinga ndi njira mapangidwe, pamaso pa moyo, anthu ambiri salt. Only mu nyanja kwambiri saline palibe zamoyo. Ambiri a matupi madzi analenga chifukwa cha kusamuka kwa matanthwe a pansi padziko, kapena kuphulitsa mapiri.

Gawo

Choyambiriracho malo ake anawagawa:

1. Tectonic nyanja. Iwo anapanga ndi madzi kudzazidwa Ming'alu kotekisi lapansi. Choncho, amasinthira unapangidwa ndi ya Caspian - waukulu nyanja ya Russia ndi dziko lapansi. Pamaso kukweza wa Caucasus lokwera ya Caspian anali kugwirizana ndi Black. Chitsanzo china wovulala zikuluzikulu ndi kapangidwe East African Rift. Iwo umachokera ku dera kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Africa kumpoto kwa kum'mwera kumadzulo Asia. Apa timayenera unyolo nyanja tectonic. Akuti nyanja wotchuka. Albert, Tanganyika, Edward, nyasa (Malawi). dongosolo N'chimodzimodzinso Nyanja Yakufa. Amaona otsika-wokwera tectonic nyanza ya dziko.
2. Mtsinje mabeseni.
3. nyanja m'mphepete mwa nyanja (mitsinje mathamandawa). Amaona wotchuka Venetian Lagoon. Iwo m'dera la nyanja Adriatic.
4. Kulephera nyanja. Monga mmodzi wa mbali zina za malo awa ndi zikamera zawo zodziwitsa ndi mofulumira. zodabwitsazi zimadalira mphamvu yeniyeni ya madzi mobisa. Chitsanzo chabwino cha karst nyanja akuti ndi nyanja. Ertsov ili mu South. Ossetia.
5. Mountain madamu. Iwo ali mu mabeseni msana.
6. Glacial nyanja. Iwo anapanga atayamba ayezi makulidwe.
7. Kusiya nyanja. Madamu amenewa anapanga pa kugwa kwa phiri gawo. Chitsanzo cha nyanja imeneyi ili nyanja. Ritz ili Abkhazia.

madamu chiphala

nyanja izi zili zimaphala zinatha ndi mipope kuphulika. Madamu oterowo amapezeka mu Europe. Mwachitsanzo, nyanja chiphala alipo mu Eifel (Germany). Near iwo ikusonyezedwa ofooka chiwonetsero cha ntchito chiphala chamoto, mu mawonekedwe a akasupe a madzi otentha. Monga mtundu ambiri nyanja ngati mutuluka chodzaza ndi Chigwa madzi. Oz. Cray wabweletsela Mazama kuphulika mu Oregon unakhazikitsidwa oposa 6.5 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo. awiri yake - 10 Km, kuya -. 589 mamita Part nyanja kupangidwa mu ndondomeko otaya chipika zigwa chiphala chiphalaphala. Pang'onopang'ono iwo kudziunjikira madzi ndi kupanga dziwe. Mwachitsanzo, panali nyanja. Kivu - chigwa cha dongosolo East African Rift, yomwe ili m'malire a Rwanda ndi Zaire. Akuthawira kamodzi m'nyanjayi. Tanganyika chigawo. Ruzizi chigwa ikutuluka Kivu kumpoto, ku mbali ya mtsinje wa Nailo. Koma kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pambuyo kuphulika kwa njira yapafupi watsekedwa, iye anadzazidwa patsekeke.

mitundu ina

Lakes akhoza kupanga mu cavities laimu. madzi amasungunula mwala n'kupanga phanga yaikulu. nyanja izi zingachitike m'madera a madipoziti mobisa mchere. Lakes kungakhale yokumba. Iwo anatanthauza monga ulamuliro, kwa kusungiramo madzi zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri chilengedwe nyanja yokumba chikugwirizana ndi wozengereza yosiyanasiyana earthmoving. Komabe, nthawi zina, maonekedwe awo ndi byproduct wa kufufuza kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, matupi yokumba madzi anapanga mu maenje otukuka. Pakati pa nyanja yaikulu mu Nyanja Dziwani. Nasser, yomwe ili m'malire a Sudan ndi Egypt. Inakhalapo ndi damming chigwa mtsinje. Neil. Chitsanzo china chachikulu nyanja yokumba ndi nyanja. Mead. Zikuoneka pambuyo unsembe wa damu pa mtsinje. Colorado. Childs, nyanja izi kutumikira m'dera opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, madzi kwa midzi yapafupi ndi mabacteria mafakitale.

Yaikulu glacial-tectonic nyanja

Monga imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe zikuluzikulu za matupi madzi akutumikira kayendedwe ka matanthwe a pansi padziko. Chifukwa amalankhula chiwerengero cha zoterezi zimachitika amalowetsa oundana. Madamu ndi sizachilendo m'zigwa ndi m'mapiri. Iwo akhoza ili mu mabeseni, ndi mapiri matendawa, ndi. Glacial-tectonic nyanja (Zitsanzo: Ladoga, Onega) sizachilendo kwambiri kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Chigumukire kumanzere zokwanira m'maenje kwambiri kumbuyo. Iwo kudziunjikira madzi Sungunulani. Madipoziti (moraine) zimayambira maganizo. Choncho inakhalapo amatunga mu Nyanja District. Pa phazi la Great Arber ndi nyanja. Arberzee. mosungiramo uyu anali pambuyo Ice Age.

nyanja Tectonic ndi zitsanzo za makhalidwe

Madamu amenewa anapanga mbali ya mosinthana ndi kutumphuka ndi yopuma. Mwachibadwa, nyanja tectonic m'dzikoli ndi zakuya ndi yopapatiza. Iwo yodziwika ndi mabanki phompho la molunjika. Madamu Awa makamaka kudzera maphompho lapansi. Russia tectonic nyanja (Zitsanzo: Kuril Kamchatka ndi zina) amasiyana otsika-wokwera pansi (m'munsimu mlingo nyanja). Choncho, nyanja. Kuril ili kum'mwera kwa Kamchatka, mu kwabasi chigwa kwambiri. Mudzi wazunguliridwa ndi mapiri. Kuya pazipita dziwe -. 360 mamita Iwo ali mabanki phompho kumene akuthamanga kuchuluka kwa phiri mitsinje. Kuyambira posungira umayenda p. Lake. Pa magombe akubwera pamwamba akasupe otentha. Pakati pa nyanja pali ang'ono phiri - ndi islet. Njirayi imatchedwa "mtima mwala." Suli kutali ndi nyanja ndi wapadera miyala ya pumice. Iwo amatchedwa Kuthiny baht. Today nyanja. Kuril chilengedwe malo ndipo analengeza Zoological zachilengedwe chipilala.

mbiri pansi

Glacial-tectonic nyanja lonse zikuchepa kumatanthauza mpumulo. Iwo ankayimiridwa ngati pamapindikira wosweka. Glacial madipoziti ndi njira accumulative zakufa mwina kukhudzanso pa zikumveka kwa mizere mabeseni. Komabe, nthawi zina, mmene akhoza kukhala noticeable ndithu. Glacial-tectonic pansi nyanja akhoza ataphimbidwa ndi "zipsera", "mutton pamphumi". Iwo amamudziwa anawona pa zilumba ndi gombe la miyala. Recent anawonjezera makamaka pa mwala zovuta. Iwo ali bwino amenable kuti kukokoloka, womwe amachititsa liwiro otsika sedimentation. Chotero tectonic nyanja Russia ali m'gulu monga = ndi = 2-4 ndi 4-10. Nato zone (pa 10 m) buku okwana ndi 60-70%, osaya (5 m) - 15-20%. nyanja Tectonic zosiyana heterogeneity madzi ntchito matenthedwe. Pa zochangamutsa pazipita pamwamba kutentha kwa madzi kusungidwa otsika pansi. Ichi ndi chifukwa khola matenthedwe stratification. Zomera ali osowa. Angapezeke m'mphepete kumalo chatsekedwa.

inafikira

Kodi, kupatula mu Kamchatka, pali tectonic nyanja? Mndandanda wa malo a mtunduwu odziwika bwino kwambiri zikuphatikizapo mabungwe monga:

1. Nsapato.
2. Sundozero.
3. Wotumbululuka.
4. Randozero.
5. Salvilambi.

Madamu izi zili Suna Mtsinje. M'nkhalango-steppe Trans-Urals anapezanso tectonic nyanja. Zitsanzo za malo:

1. Uelgi.
2. Argayash.
3. Shablish.
4. Tees.
5. Sugoyak.
6. Kaldi.
7. B. Kuyash ndi ena.

Kuya mayiwe Zauralskaya kumveka si upambana 8-10 m. Pa chiyambi cha nyanja ndi monga mtundu kukokoloka-tectonic. Iwo kusanduka ufa, motero, mchikakamizo cha njira kukokoloka. amatunga ambiri Urals ndi osungidwa m'maenje wakale mtsinje. Izi, makamaka, nyanja ngati tectonic monga Kamyshnaya, Alakul, Sandy, Etkul ndi ena.

dziwe wapadera

Kum'mwera kwa kum'mawa Siberia ndi nyanja. Baikal - tectonic nyanja. m'litali ndi zoposa 630 Km ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja -. 2100 Km. M'lifupi posungira zimasiyanasiyana 25 79 Km. Malo okwana nyanja - 31,5 sq. Km. thupi ili ya madzi akuya mu dziko. Lili kuchuluka waukulu wa madzi mu dziko (23 chikwi. ^M3). Ndi 1/10 ya chakudya padziko lonse. Full Mokweza madzi posungira inadzachitika zaka 332. zaka zake ndi za miliyoni 15-20 malita. Baikal ndi imodzi mwa nyanja wamkulu.

mtunda

Baikal lagona Wopanda kwambiri. Wazunguliridwa ndi m'mapiri okutidwa ndi nayonso. Padoko Village ndi chipangizo kwambiri kuligaŵa mpumulo. Suli kutali ndi nyanja pali kuwonjezeka Amowabu wa lamba phiri. Zitunda ndi kufanana kwa wina ndi mzake kuno ku malangizo ochokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Iwo agawidwa mtendere kotlovinoobraznymi. Pamene pochitika pansi pa zigwa mtsinje m'madera ena anapanga kakang'ono tectonic nyanja. Kusamutsidwa kwa matanthwe a pansi padziko zikuchitika m'dera lero. Zimenezi zikusonyezedwa ndi zivomezi ndi pafupipafupi padziko chigwa, outcrops a akasupe a madzi otentha, komanso kutsitsa m'madera ambiri gombe. The madzi nyanjayi ndi buluu wobiriwira. Zokopa imachita kumveka ndi ungwiro. M'madera ena, mukhoza kuona bwinobwino miyala pa akuya 10-15 m, seagrass mabedi. litayamba White adatchithisira m'madzi, izo Tingaone ngakhale pa akuya 40 m.

mbali chosiyana

Lakes mawonekedwe - wabadwa kachigawo. Madzi akutambasula pakati pa 55 ° 47 'ndi 51 ° 28' yofesa. kumpoto ndi 103 ° 43 'ndi 109 ° 58' kum'mawa. longitude. M'lifupi pazipita pakati - 81 Km, osachepera (zosiyana ankadziwana Selenga.) - 27 Km. nyanja ili pamwamba pa nyanja pamalo okwera 455 m. The dziwe akuthamanga 336 mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Theka la madzi umaperekedwa thereto ku p. Selenga. Wasefukira mwa nyanja, mtsinje mmodzi yekha - Angara. Izo ziyenera Komabe, kunena kuti asayansi chibwenzi pakhala kukambirana za kuchuluka enieni kupita mu utuluke ndi mosungiramo. asayansi ambiri amavomereza kuti iwo ndi osakwana 336.

madzi

A thunthu madzi mukumveka nyanja, ankaona kuti wapadera chikhalidwe. Monga tanena madzi ndi modabwitsa bwino ndi woyera, wolemera mu mpweya. M'mbuyomu, iye ankaona umathandizanso. madzi Baikal ankachitira ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. M'chaka cha chilungamo kuposa. Kumbali ya njira kwa abwino - ndi Sargasso Sea. Akuti madzi chilungamo 65 m. Mu nthawi ya algal nyanja chizindikiro amachepetsa. Komabe, onaninso kuti ngakhale nthawi imeneyi kudzilimbitsa bwato Tingaone pansi pa akuya wamakhalidwe zokwanira. Mkulu chilungamo chifukwa ntchito ya zamoyo. Chifukwa cha iwo, nyanja ndi ofooka mineralized. Madzi approximated mu dongosolo kuti otchezedwa. Kufunika kwa nyanja. Baikal n'zovuta Musaone. Pa nkhani imeneyi, boma limapereka wapadera chitetezo zachilengedwe za m'deralo.