Nthochi potaziyamu

Mchere ndi esters asidi acetic amatchedwa acetates. Iwo makamaka ntchito ngati mordant, amene utoto akuyang'ana usasungunuke. Makamaka potaziyamu nthochi (dzina pulogalamu English - potaziyamu nthochi, ponena - potaziyamu mchere) ndi mchere potaziyamu wa asidi acetic, ali ndi mankhwala chilinganizo CH3COOK. Molar misa ndi wofanana 98,15 g / mol.

M'mikhalidwe yachibadwa ya nthochi potaziyamu ndi woyera crystalline ufa kuti ndi hygroscopic, choncho mpweya kufalikira. kachulukidwe ake ndi 1,57 g / cm³. Mchere mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi: 100 ml amasungunula zoposa pang'ono 200 ga mchere pa 20 ° C ndi okwana 492 ga - pa 62 ° C. Potaziyamu nthochi mosavuta sungunuka mowa (methanol ndi Mowa) ndi amoniya, ndi insoluble efa ndi kafungo kabwino. Kutentha kwa kuwonongeka kwa nthochi potaziyamu kuphatikiza 292 ° C.

Okonzeka nthochi potaziyamu yatikhudza mankhwala ofunika monga hydroxide potaziyamu (KOH) kapena carbonate potaziyamu (K2CO3) acid acetic chifukwa neutralization anachita: KOH + CH3COOH → CO2 + CH3COOK + H2O kapena awiri kuwombola: K2CO3 + CH3COOH → CO2 + CH3COOK + H2O . Chifukwa zitsulo ataima mu mndandanda electrochemical yatsala wa hydrogen, mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu kapena magnesium, yodziwika ndi anachita ndi zidulo sanali oxidizing. zidulo zimenezo zimaphatikizapo asidi acetic. Pamene interacts, mwachitsanzo, magnesium, magnesium nthochi analandira: MG + 2CH3COOH → mg (CH3COO) 2 + H2. Koma njira imeneyi ilibe ntchito othandiza lokonzekera mankhwala enaake a kapena potaziyamu mchere asidi acetic. Mu mkhalidwe free, zitsulo izi kulibeko m'chilengedwe, na potassium chifukwa cha reactivity awo amachitira mosavuta ndi madzi ndi oxidized ndi mpweya wa mlengalenga. Koma ndi zitsulo zodula kwambiri ndi ntchito ngakhale kamodzikamodzi kuposa ndi sodium.

potaziyamu nthochi malinga GOST 5820-78 ntchito kupanga ma polima organic pakachitsulo (silicones - malangizo kupanga mankhwala polima zofunika ndi zingamuthandize). Potaziyamu nthochi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chothandizira kupanga polyurethanes. Mbali ina yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya nthochi potaziyamu - zake ntchito monga deicer a. reagent Izi angapo ubwino (ndi zochepa aukali ulemu wa nthaka) choncho m'malo mankhwala enaake a mankhwala enaake kapena kashiamu mu processing wa runways pa ndege, ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwononga pa zitsulo ndi zosakwana chlorides lapansi. Potaziyamu nthochi kulibe vuto pamalo ambiri, kuphatikizapo konkire, zitsulo, matabwa, m'ngalande, udzu ndi zomera. Koma kuyambira mtengo wake ndi apamwamba kuposa chlorides, yotsirizira ankakonda, ngakhale kuyan'anila za chilengedwe ndi kuchuluka avale zida. Komanso, potaziyamu nthochi, ndi ogwira moto zozimitsira nyale ndi ntchito kuzimitsa moto. Izo ntchito wozimitsa mafuta.

Potaziyamu nthochi ntchito osati zoikamo mafakitale komanso mankhwala ndi malonda chakudya (ogwira usawonongeke E261, chopangidwa monga GOST 5820-78). Yerekezerani wina mchere wa chidulo carboxylic - kashiamu nthochi - ofunsira osati mafakitale. Iwo analandira okha zinthu zasayansi ndi mmene asidi acetic pa kashiamu carbonate. Zimene ikupitirira mpaka kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa mpweya woipa: CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH → CO2 ↑ + (CH3COO) 2Ca + H2O. Ntchito (CH3COO) 2Ca monga chakudya zowonjezera E263 chifukwa (monga CH3COOK) ndi usawonongeke ogwira.

Pamene m'malo mankhwala zochizira matenda a shuga ketoacidosis ntchito nthochi potaziyamu. chifukwa The angathe kupewedwa ketoatsidoticheskaya ashuga chikomokere, zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha acidosis kagayidwe kachakudya (pH kuchepa) chifukwa cha matenda kagayidwe kachakudya chifukwa pancreatic akusowa timadzi (insulin). Mkulu magawanidwe a shuga magazi ndi ketone matupi amene ali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa thupi mtengo ketoatsidoticheskaya kumayambitsa matenda ashuga chikomokere. nthochi potassium ntchito monga zowonjezera chakudya, monga angathe kuchepetsa mlingo wa acidity kuwola ndinso bicarbonate. Pachifukwa ichi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza odwala matenda a mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga.