Ntchito zabwino za Pasternak B:. mndandanda wa mfundo chidwi ndi ndemanga

Boris Pasternak - Russian ndakatulo ndi wolemba. Iye ali ndi Mabaibulo yabwino Shakespeare ndi upamwamba ena achilendo. Pasternak anali kupereka ya Nobel Prize. Pakuti buku Russian wolemba analandira yapamwamba mphoto? Ndipo kodi ankaimba ndi chochitika mu moyo wake? ntchito Pasternak a - mutu wa nkhani.

yonena

Boris Pasternak anabadwa mu Moscow, mu banja la kulenga. Bambo anga anali wojambula. Mayi - limba. nyumba Pasternak a inali mu mtima mwa likulu. Wolemba ndakatulo kuyambira ali atazungulira ojambula zithunzi. nyumba kawirikawiri ndi olemba otchuka ojambula ndi oimba. nyumba imodzi Pasternak anafika ngakhale Rilke. Ankadziwa wolemba ndakatulo German, Wolemba Scriabin ndi anthu ena otchuka anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa umunthu kulenga.

ntchito Pasternak zimasonyeza zidindo amene analandira monga mwana. Tsiku lina, iye anagwa pansi kulasa a zionetsero anasonkhana pa nyama. Choncho kalata patapita zaka mmodzi wa ndakatulo wake. Wolemba ndakatulo m'tsogolo, iye sukulu ya sekondale. Aphunzitsi anagunda zinafuna kupirira ndi kulimbikira wachinyamata. Kufunika kwa Ungwiro kusiya moyo wake.

Boris Pasternak, maphunziro ndi mphamvu ya Chilamulo Moscow. Iye anaphunzira mbalume ku Germany. Ndi makolo ake, anapita ku Venice mu 1912. Mabuku ena a Pasternak, zolembedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma, zimafalitsa chokumbukira ulendo ku Ulaya.

Mu 1921, banja anasiya Russia. Makolo ndi mlongo anakakhala Berlin. Wolemba ndakatulo yekha kuyambira 1936 intermittently ankakhala Peredelkino. Russian Wolemba ndakatulo, anamwalira mu 1960. Iye anaikidwa mu manda, yomwe ili pafupi ndi mudzi wa wolemba mu Peredelkino.

Chiyambi cha zilandiridwenso

Nditabwerera ku Germany, wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito kuyambira tsopano nthawi zambiri kuphunzira nzeru. Nthawiyi ndi chiyambi cha njira yake zolembalemba. Pasternak a ntchito oyambirira analengedwa mchikakamizo cha ntchito za Russian Futurists. Mwa ndakatulo amene anali pa budding chikoka zolembalemba, poyamba pa zonse, tiyenera kutchula Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Ntchito otchuka Pasternak, mndandanda wa amene anapereka m'munsimu, zinalengedwa pambuyo zisinthe. Koma m'chigawo choyamba wa essays ake lofalitsidwa mu 1913. Komabe, amaphatikiza osati ntchito yake komanso ndakatulo woyimba wina.

Mu 1916, anafalitsa buku la "Koposa zopinga". Paudindo ndakatulo nthawi kuti anali amamudziwa wodziwika mu mabwalo zolembalemba Boris Pasternak. Ntchito zili m'gulu chopereka: "Marburg", "Yard", "yozizira kumwamba", "Chimwemwe", "Echo", "Swifts", "Ural kwa nthawi yoyamba," "Chibwenzi mmwamba", "mkuntho wa chisanu" ndi ena.

"Mlongo Wanga - Moyo"

chopereka inafalitsidwa mu 1922. Kugwirizana ndi lingaliro wamba mu nthawi ino ntchito Pasternak a. List of ndakatulo m'gulu zopereka "Mlongo Wanga - Moyo":

1. "Waltz ndi misozi."
2. "Moyo".
3. "February, kuti inki ndi kulira!".
4. "Station".

Chokumbukira ubwana ndi unyamata Pasternak pamodzi ndi ntchito m'nyimbo. mndandanda pamwamba si zochuluka. Ambiri mwa ndakatulo kuti zina mwa chopereka zinalengedwa mu 1917. Ndipo zaka ziwiri isanafike kufalitsidwa Pasternak analemba ndakatulo "mazana asanu ndi chaka chachisanu", "Spektorsky", "mkulu Schmidt".

prose

Mu makumi mochedwa, Boris Pasternak analemba zochepa ndakatulo. Iye akutembenukira kwa prose. Poyamba anali essays yaing'ono, Maulendo. Mu 1930, anafalitsa buku la "Safe Khalidwe". Nthawi imeneyi, mphamvu a wolemba m'malo mothokoza. Komabe, posakhalitsa ubale wake ndi wolemba tsogolo la buku "Doctor Zhivago" zasintha.

mu doghouse ndi

Ena nthawi Pasternak ankachitira ndi kulemekeza ena ngakhale amasirira Stalin. Atagwidwa Gumilev analemba iye kalata imene iye anafunsa kuti amasule a ndakatulo iyi. pempho anachira. Ndipo pasanapite nthawi anamasulidwa. Koma mgwirizano pakati pa Pasternak ndi boma Soviet kuti mabodza mu 1936. Kuyambira ndakatulo anayamba kukakamiza zili maganizo, zomwe m'mabuku ake anali sakuyenera. Pasternak, nayenso sanathe kukwaniritsa mfundo yofunika imeneyi. Mu ndakatulo wake anayamba kuoneka bwino kwambiri mithunzi zomvetsa chisoni.

Kumasulira

Mu makumi anai imakhala yochepa analemba Boris Pasternak. Wotchuka ntchito za Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller inasamutsidwa kwa iwo. Choncho adatipulumutsa banja lake ku vuto la ndalama. Koma kenako anavomereza kuti anakhala zaka yabwino pa anasamutsidwa, adakali Ngokhoza kulenga zambiri lyric ndi prose ntchito. Mpaka mapeto a masiku, wolemba anali mu doghouse lapansi. Pa buku la ntchito zake, ndipo mwa funso.

Pasternak, amene bwino ntchito kokha mu Mipingo mochedwa ankadziwika kuti owerenga Soviet, anali anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso pambuyo pa imfa yake. Mu 1988, buku "Doctor Zhivago" anali inafalitsidwa koyamba mu Soviet Union. Izo zinali kokha mu nineties analowa ndakatulo pulogalamu amene analemba Boris Pasternak.

The Prize Nobel

Kwa ntchito imene anali kupereka wolemba mphoto imeneyi yapamwamba? Buku "Doctor Zhivago", lofalitsidwa mu 1958 mu Soviet Union kuwerenga ndi okha owerengeka anthu. Nobel Prize anali amaitcha kuti wolemba chopereka ake chitukuko cha epic Russian buku. akuluakulu Soviet buku lakuti "Doctor Zhivago" ankatchedwa kuipitsa mbiri. Kudutsa dziko, anayamba baiting.

Pasternak anachotsedwa pa Writers 'Union. Za iye anapeka nkhani anakwiya ndi olemba otchuka kuphatikizapo Sergei Mikhalkov. oimira Semiofficial wa prose Soviet akufuna kumana wolemba buku maganizo za unzika ndi anathamangitsidwa m'dziko lapansi. Pasternak, anasangalala kwambiri adani ake, kuika, koma iye anali kwambiri wodziwika mu Europe. Chodabwitsa chinali chakuti bukhu kudzudzulidwa ndi ambiri. Koma pafupifupi palibe mmodzi wa iwo anali kuwerenga izo.

Kenako ndakatulo analemba ndakatulo wotchedwa "Nobel Prize". Ntchitoyi iye anaitanidwa ku Lubyanka. nthawiyi anali kwenikweni mantha kwambiri ndi Mlandu "woukira boma." Koma, mwamwayi, palibe chinachitika.

Choncho, Pasternak anakhala wachiwiri Russian Nobel mabuku. Woyamba ndi Ivan Bunin. Buku, amene anali kupereka mphoto, wotchedwa milandu yaitali kwawo. Kodi ntchito zimene zinayambitsa udani kwambiri?

"Doctor Zhivago"

mankhwala amene wachititsa namondwe wa mkwiyo, limanena za tsogolo la mwana wa bizinesi zinatha. The protagonist - Yuri Zhivago - mbadwa ya banja kamodzi olemera. Koma atate wake anamwaza ndi mwayi wonse kumwa mwauchidakwa. The ngwazi za buku anatenga pa maphunziro a akazi Gromeko. Yuri limakula pamodzi ndi mwana wawo wamkazi, Tonya, amene pambuyo pake anadzakhala mkazi wake.

Yuri anakhala dokotala. Kamodzi, pamene ndinali mwana wasukulu, anaona zochitika zomvetsa chisoni mtsikana wina wachisungwana adapanga pofuna kupha odziwika Moscow loya Komarovsky. Munthu ameneyu kamodzi anaika dzanja lake pa kugwa kwa Atate wamoyo wosadziletsa. Yuri zonse kumbukirani mtsikana, yesani kuwombera Komarovsky. Dzinache akhali Larissa. Iye anakhala chibwenzi chake, zaka mtsogolo, pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, pamene Yuri anali dokotala mmodzi wa zipatala akuzigawo.

The nkhondo yapachiweniweni chasanduka zonse mozondoka. Zhivago ku Moscow, koma kunyumba kumene anathera unyamata wake, tsopano ikuchita osamalira Markel. Ndi Yuri tsopano amalankhula mosiyana. Ndipotu, pali mwambi wakuti: amene anali kanthu adzakhala zonse. Zhivago kukwatira Markel mwana wamkazi ndipo posakhalitsa anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima. Mutu wotsiriza wa buku pali msonkhano wa abwenzi Zhivago. Mmodzi wa iwo - Michael Gordon - bwino mwana extramarital a George ndi magulu ndakatulo wake. Mwa mabuku awa ndakatulo:

1. "Hamlet".
2. "Mu Woyera."
3. "Ukwati".
4. "Yophukira".
5. "White Night".
6. "Kuthana Dawn."
7. "Zima Night".
8. "Chozizwitsa".
9. "Magadala."
10. "The masiku oipa."