Kuonetsetsa otetezeka ntchito kuntchito. A malo abwino ntchito - izi ndi ...

ntchito iliyonse ya munthu, ngakhale zothandiza kwambiri, kungakhale gwero la mavuto chowawa. awononga chifukwa izo, akhoza tiri mu kuvulala, matenda (mu m. hr. olumala) ndipo ngakhale chakupha. Kupweteka yekha munthu sangathe ndi pa maholide, zosangalatsa kupeza maphunziro, ndipo makamaka mu ndondomeko ya ntchito.

Kuti ali, aliyense, popanda yekha, ntchito kwa inu ndi n'loopsa angathe thanzi. neno ili ndi axiom zimene tikuphunzira funso la chitetezo anthu. Kodi mfundo kutsatira pamenepa? Chief pakati pawo: yokonza mtheradi wa otetezeka ntchito kuntchito - yabwino mumangire. Makamaka, palibe odalirika chikutanthauza njira ntchito kapena mitundu ya zida kupanga.

otetezeka ntchito - zonsezi ndi nthano kapena ayi?

Choyamba kuyankha funso - kodi ngozi? Mawu amenewa amatanthauza kuchotsedwa zochitika zonse, zinthu, njira ndi zinthu zimene zingakhudze thanzi la munthu ndi moyo zoipa. Pali gulu lotero - ILO (mayiko Labor Organization). Malinga ndi iye, chaka chilichonse m'dziko lathu kupanga opaleshoni kufa mu kuchuluka kwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri.

M'kagulu zinthu zoipa ndi zoopsa kupanga angathe kukhala osiyana. Mu dziko lathu adafuna kuwazindikiritsa, zikalata malo ntchito pa kantchito. Amakhulupirira pa thupi amakhala wogawanika, malinga ndi GOST lolingana ndi zinthu zingapo:

• thupi;
• mankhwala;
• kwachilengedwenso;
• psychophysiological.

Kuti ndi malo abwino ntchito - ndi anthu amene womwe palibe kapena sanamvere zimene magulu onse pamwamba.

Kodi kwenikweni ife alonjezedwa

Kwa woyamba (thupi) zikuphatikiza zonse zokwawa:

• makina ndi zipangizo;
• mbali zomera zida;
• zipangizo;
• workpiece;
• ntchito zipangizo, zimene zingatichititse mu kupanga ndondomeko;
• kamangidwe, luso kuwononga kapena kusokonekera miyala poyera.

Ikhoza kukhala pachikhalidwe ndi mpweya wa danga ntchito ndi mpweya kuipitsidwa mkulu kapena fumbi, nayenso zipangizo mkulu kapena otsika kutentha ndi pamalo ntchito, komanso osakwanira kapena kwambiri mpweya mkangano kuderali ntchito.

Komanso, mndandanda wa zinthu thupi m'gulu kwambiri kapena, Tikawonetsetsa kanjedza otsika kugwedera misinkhu, phokoso, ultra- ndi infrasound, barometric kuthamanga, chinyezi, ionization komanso manambala kwambiri lalikulu voteji mu madera magetsi ndi cheza ionizing.

Ndipo chimene chirichonse zoipa?

N'chimodzimodzinso ndi kaperekedwe ka magetsi malo amodzi, kuchuluka mphamvu zosiyanasiyana - maginito ndi magetsi - kusowa kuwala, kapena kusapezeka kwake kwathunthu. Chinthu Izi zikhoza kukhala kuwala amphamvu kwambiri kuwala kapena ripple, yafupika Mosiyana, mwauchidakwa mpweya wambiri wa poizoni (infuraredi ndi ultraviolet), ndi kusadziletsa blestkost m. P.

Zoopsa amaonedwa m'mbali lakuthwa, burrs ndi osiyanasiyana roughness kupezeka pa kali zida, zida, akusowekapo ntchito, komanso kuchotsa malo a ntchito ndi kutalika ndithu pamwamba pansi.

Osati zimango zokha

gulu lina - zinthu mankhwala woopsawo ndi zoipa - ndi amene zinthu zimene bwino anakhudzidwa ndi inu pa chamoyo wathu. Chotero gwero angakhale oopsa, akutivutitsa, kudziwitsa, mutagenic kapena carcinogenic ndi ntchito ogwetsa ubereki. Kudutsa mu thupi, angathe m'njira zambiri - kudzera nembanemba mucous, khungu, dongosolo kupuma kaya mwa mundawo m'mimba.

Mu kwachilengedwenso "ngozi" amatanthauza onse mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mavairasi, mabakiteriya, nkhungu, mogwirizana ndi zina zotero. P.), limodzi ndi mankhwala a umoyo wawo ndi zazikulu-zamoyo, iwo ali onse a nyama ndi zomera.

zinthu Psychophysiological zimachitika mawonekedwe a kuchulukana za chikhalidwe thupi (akhoza kukhala malo amodzi kapena zazikulu) ndi neuro-maganizo ongowalingalirawa (chimaonetsera funde la maganizo, "Yosefera" kapena chongosangalatsa mwachizolowezi ntchito).

Mpaka kuwonjezera kuti pamalo otetezeka ntchito - ndi anthu amene zinthu yomweyo amachotsedwa subgroups zosiyanasiyana.

Quality ndi kuchuluka

Kachulukidwe makhalidwe amene amadza chifukwa cha chinthu chimodzi pa chinthu chifukwa zikuoneka ake ndi mmene zinawonongedwa ndi iwo. Kachulukidwe ziyenera zikuphatikizapo maganizo mfundo zovomerezeka chiopsezo, popeza tanthauzo la chitetezo anatengera mfundo dziko, chikutanthauza kuti palibe mavuto amaonedwa zosavomerezeka.

Ndipo tikulankhula za anthu amene amagwirizana ndi kuchititsa kuwononga moyo kapena thanzi la anthu, chuma cha munthu (mwakuthupi komanso malamulo, oyang'anira tauni ndi boma), komanso chilengedwe.

otetezeka ntchito - Tanthauzo

Choncho, pansi pa chitetezero cha ntchito mafakitale ndi boma la ntchito yonse njira ina imene pangozi yaikulu zosavomerezeka kuwonongeka kwa onse zimene pamwamba palibe kapena kochepa.

Mawu akuti "otetezedwa kantchito" akusonyeza ndendende mawu amenewa umene padzuwa ogwira ntchito zinthu zoopsa ndiponso zoipa kupanga kapena kwathunthu inathetsedwa, kapena ali ndi mlingo si choposa anakhazikitsa muyezo mfundo.

Kodi tikupeza mlingo pangozi?

Kudziwa zinthu izi pakufunika mabuku chiopsezo ziyenera. Pamene nkhani ino ntchito deta zowerengera pa chikhalidwe ndi pafupipafupi kuwonekera kwa angakumane ndi mavuto (matenda, kuvulala) zodziwitsa osiyana, mayunitsi kusindikiza, ndi zina zotero. D. Komanso kuganizira mfundo za Safety ndi umoyo, amawatenga ndi boma mlingo.

Pa ntchito zachuma otetezeka zinthu aliyense ntchito - amene zizigwirizana mwalamulo kukhala zizindikiro za kuvulala, ankaona mfundo.

Kodi kuwerengera deta kuchita? Theoretically, wapafupi kwa manambala enieni kuvulala muyeze wa pafupipafupi wachibale wa choipa. Chiwerengerochi akamagwira mwachidule pa mulingo wa nthawi zonsezi kwa nthawi zina ntchito nthawi. Chotero nthawi akhoza mwachitsanzo chaka kapena chiwerengero anakonzeratu maola ntchito. Zochitika amene pafupipafupi n'chosoŵa, nthawi yabwino kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali - mwachitsanzo, wofanana chakhumi.

Kupereka malo otetezedwa ntchito - momwe iyo yachitira

Mu dziko lathu, pali mfundo chinthu choopsa komanso pafupipafupi ngozi. Komabe, aliyense kupanga enieni ali zochitika zake ndi zinthu ntchito. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, kuonetsetsa otetezeka ntchito kuntchito - ndithu ndondomeko lililonse.

Akamanena za izo - mu chizindikiritso cha zinthu zoopsa ndiponso zoipa kupanga, kusanthula ndi kuwerengetsa zowopseza ndi kasamalidwe otsiriza. Choncho, kuonetsetsa kuti chinthu chofunika kwambiri kupanga, monga chitetezo ndi, limatanthawuza kuti ndi mavuto wachibadidwe ndi zovuta zina, sayansi ndi gulu mbali ya zovuta chitetezo ntchito.