Noumenon - ndi filosofe. Chodabwitsa ndi noumenon

Noumenon - mfundo nzeru, kutanthauza mtundu wa akamanena za chodabwitsa, amene si chenicheni. timagwira ake (ngati) mu kuphunzira ndi kufufuza kwambiri. Childs, mu nzeru za mfundo imeneyi kutsutsa mawu monga chodabwitsa ndi. Mfundo imeneyi chinachake kuli padziko. Pamene ife tiyang'ana pa chinthu chilichonse kapena chodabwitsa, iwo kutikhudza bwanji, maso athu. Nthawi zambiri, mawu amenewa timatenga chenicheni. Chodabwitsa ndi noumenon - mawu nthawi zambiri kusokonezeka maganizo, ndipo ngakhale kutenga wina ndi mzake. Tiyeni tiyese m'nkhaniyi mwachidule kumvetsa zimene ndi chikhalidwe chobisika ndi kaya ndi kupezeka kwa ife pa onse, monga kwa anzeru.

kutanthauza

Ngati ife titembenukira kwa achigiriki, tikuona kuti noumenon - mawu amene amatanthauza "maganizo." akale ofufuza nzeru za nthawi zambiri amatanthauza mawu si zomveka njira kuzindikira choonadi, komanso zotsatira, zochita zake ndi zinthu, kaya maganizo athu. Koma lingaliro ili lili ulalo wina ndi malingaliro. Ngati chodabwitsa - izo ndi nkhani imene tingathe kuzindikira akadzera mu mphamvu, mu nkhani ndi mfundo zazikulu za nkhaniyo ndi yovuta kwambiri. Ndipotu, takumana osati ndi chinthu chenicheni yemwe angakhoze kugwiridwa, anamuonapo kapena kukhudzidwa. Wapatsidwa kwa ife chabe m'maganizo, ndipo comprehended kokha chifukwa.

nkhani

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu timaona "Dialogues" Plato. Pakuti Greece dzina noumenon - izo kulephera chodabwitsa. Choncho anasankha lingaliro wake wotchuka. Izi transcendental zachikunja, makamaka monga choonadi, ubwino, kukongola. Komanso, chifukwa Plato dziko maganizo ndi chowonadi chenicheni. dziko A zodabwitsa, zinthu kuti timazindikira maganizo - ndicho chabe maonekedwe.

Izi zikunena Plato mu kukambirana "Parmenides", pamene iye ananena kuti dziko la noumena ndi zoona alipo, amene ali wopanda cholinga chonse. mabungwe awa kapena malingaliro, kuwonjezera, ndi zitsanzo za zinthu zawo "lodalirika." Iye ngakhale amawaitana archetypes. A chodabwitsa - kwambiri olakwika zithunzi za malingaliro. Plato amagwiritsa ntchito mawu monga "mthunzi pa khoma."

Ages Middle

Noumenon - mawu amene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati kalelo. Mwambo umenewu anapitiriza European Ages Middle. Choyamba zonse anali wotchuka kwambiri maganizo noumena pamodzi ngati wina aliyense, kulephera dziko, umene uli ankakwanitsa chifukwa.

Scholastics zambiri ntchito ndi mawu amenewa pofotokoza zimene ali kuchita ndi Mulungu. Osati kokha zamulungu chikale komanso otsutsa chipembedzo ntchito mfundo "noumenon". Mwachitsanzo, azaumulungu wa akale achikunja kayendedwe kuti akatswiri a masiku ano ndacha Catharism ankakhulupirira kuti dziko lathu kuonekera chilibe moyo woona, chifukwa sichinapangidwe ndi Mulungu. Onse amene alipo, ali zimawonongeka ndi imfa. Koma dziko la noumena - zodabwitsazi Ndithudi ndi analengedwa ndi Mulungu. Iwo ali chosawonongeka ndipo sasintha ndipo ndi chilengedwe woona.

Noumenon nthanthi Kant ndi

Mosiyana ndi miyambo akale, wotchuka German nzeru zapamwamba tingachipeze powerenga anapereka akuti tanthauzo losiyana kotheratu. Kwa iye, noumenon alibe kugwirizana ndi chowonadi. Ichi ndi chinthu chomveka bwino kwambiri zikomo yekha kuti mfundo zathu zomveka alipo. Iye ngakhale kutchedwa izo "chinthu-mu-yokha."

Kant anafotokoza kumvetsa kwake noumena motere. Zinthu ndi zinthu zimene tikulingalira ndi kumva, ndithudi, ndi kupitirira ife. Koma chofunikira awo omwe sakudziwika kwa ife. Uliwonse ndi makhalidwe amene timaona iwo - kapena kani, iwo amatamanda - monga kutalika kwake, kutentha kapena kuzizira, kapena mtundu wa malowo, makhalidwe zambiri zotengera malingaliridwe a maganizo athu ndi njira cognition. Ndipo momwe izo zikuwoneka kwenikweni, ife sitikudziwa. zolawa zathu limatiuza kuti chinthu alipo ndi chimene icho chiri. Koma kodi cheni ake, sitingathe kumvetsetsa. Kusiyana zodabwitsa ndi noumena ali, malingana ndi nzeru zapamwamba, ndi mtundu wa demarcation mzere, zimene zikusonyeza kuti ife zolakwa za maganizo athu.

Noumenon ndi malingaliro zolemba

Kodi pali chilichonse chimene chimathandiza ife mu njira iliyonse kuthetsa mwambi? Mu "Prolegomena" Kant analemba kuti kuwonjezera pa "zinthu mwa iwo okha" pali mtundu wina wa malingaliro kulephera. noumenon Izi nthanthi - ichi ndi kukhalapo kwa amene sakhoza umboni, ndi chodziwikiratu kuti mukudziwa. Ku maganizo a Kant, kumathandiza chifukwa zolemba, amene si zimene zimachitikadi. Wakweza lingaliro la mzimu umene sufa, umphumphu wa dziko, ufulu ndi Mulungu. Koma iwo sangakhoze kukhala maziko a sayansi. Ngakhale kuti kungakhale ntchito bwino kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, ndi thandizo lawo, ife lithe nzeru zathu ndi m'kagulu zosiyanasiyana ake. Komabe, ntchito imeneyi, monga "wunika wa N'chifukwa," Kant ananena kuti noumena chingapezeke osati mwa chidziwitso ndi chikhulupiriro. Potero izo kumlingo anabwerera kutanthauzira wawo, monga pa mlingo wosiyana. Choncho nzeru zapamwamba zikusonyeza kuti noumena ndi awo, Wonenedwa zenizeni. Ichi ndi gawo la ufulu, otsutsana ndi chikhalidwe, mbiri ndi mtsutso abwino alipo.