North America: mpumulo ndi zochititsa

Mtunda Mchere North America - onse anaphunzira ku sukulu lero mu maphunziro madera. Chidziwitso cha nkhani zimenezi n'kofunika osati mayeso, komanso chitukuko wonse. Ndipotu aliyense wa ife ayenera kudziwa kuti ali pamwamba pa dziko limene tikukhala.

North America, mpumulo umene tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino akufanana mtundu wa ofukula kung'ambika America South. Wamphamvu lamba wa Cordillera mapiri akutambasula m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya kumadzulo kwa 7000 Km. Advantageously, lathyathyathya ndi kum'mawa theka la Chile. Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti mpumulo wa ku America ali kuyandikana amphamvu. Komabe, pali kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa maiko awa. Makamaka ngati Cordillera dongosolo phiri ndi onse kwambiri ndi dongosolo zovuta kuposa Andes (wochedwanso Andean Cordillera). Iwo zigwirizana wa ranges lonse dongosolo, osiyana tectonic ndi miyala kapangidwe ndi osiyana.

zone kum'mawa

Bwino kusiyana pafupifupi onse pa Cordillera 5 orotektonicheskih kotenga mabacteria. The woyamba, kum'mawa - Laramide orogeny zitunda: Mount Mackenzie, Brooks osiyanasiyana, Ridge East Sierra Madre, miyala m'mapiri. Yotsirizira akhoza kugawidwa malinga ndi peculiarities wa orography pawiri: kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. Pakati pa iwo akuima kunja Yellowstone Plateau. Ndendende kuwongoka mitundu ndi yowala mbali orographic.

Front mapiri a miyala Mountains

Front mapiri a miyala Mountains (North America) ali thandizo zotsatirazi: izo akutambasula pafupifupi 2000 kuchokera mu mzere woongoka, zokhudza kupitiriza, kukhulupirika ndi pachilichonse za dongosolo ake miyala. Ridge zodziwika, korona phompho nsonga yapamwamba, kutalika imene imafikira 4000 mamita pang'onopang'ono akutsika kummawa kwa Great m'Chigwa.. Front manambala kumadzulo ndi tectonic vuto m'chigawo chakumpoto. Pakati pa phiri yafupika. Anawoloka mtsinje Pis, ndilo gwero lina la Mtsinje Mackenzie. Front manambala kum'mwera kwa likukula. Iwo agawidwa ranges yeniyeni, kutalika amene n'chachikulu: Lewis, Caribou, Selkirk. Mu gawo ili pali nsonga yaikulu Front osiyanasiyana. Robson ndi phiri (okwera 3954 m) ndi Phiri Columbia (3747 m). mitundu Alpine a North America zimachititsa chilumbachi lililonse la Front osiyanasiyana. Iye komanso yodziwika ndi wolimba, chidwi glaciation.

Miyala mapiri kum'mwera

Single lokwera mapiri a Rockies musati kupanga kum'mwera. Iwo wapangidwa ndi magulu munthu, nthawi zina olekanitsidwa ndi ankasiyana "m'mapaki" - lonse beseni akuimira zigawo yachonde ngati kuti kugwirizana ndi dziwe lalikulu Great m'Chigwa. Part wa zitunda (Sangre de A Cristo, Wasatch) anatambasula pafupifupi kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera. Other (mwachitsanzo, Uinta Mountains) - kulowera kumadzulo kum'mawa perpendicular kwa iwo. Ndithu kukwera ndi m'lifupi mwake lamba ili mapiri kulipidwa ndi kupanda mosalekeza. M'malire a dziko la Great m'Chigwa ndi miyala Mountains momveka bwino kwambiri akuti: yotsetsereka khoma - otsetsereka a m'mapiri. Kumwera gawo - izi zikusonyeza epiplatform mapiri kuti inakhazikitsidwa pambuyo kutsegula wa m'mphepete mwa wina wa nsanja wakale.

Lamba mkati zitunda zathyathyathya ndi zitunda zathyathyathya

Kenako - lamba mkati zitunda zathyathyathya ndi zitunda zathyathyathya aumbike mwa nevadiyskuyu lopinda pa kumtunda kwa North America. Thandizo amakhala ndi nyumba apangidwe nevadiyskimi ankaimira peniplenami. Mkati zone ichi pali yachonde, amene amangokhala "makombo" a akale North America nsanja ndi clamped Cordillera (Kumpoto Misa, Colorado Plateau). Yaikulu intermountain zigwa Fraser, Yukon, beseni Wamkulu, Colombia, North ndi ku Central Misa, Colorado.

beseni Great

Great beseni - denudation yachonde, yaikulu m'dera. Kudera limeneli, amene m'lifupi ndi mpaka 800 Km, ambiri, ndi kusinthana kwa pamalo athyathyathya ndipo phiri ndi predominance woyambawo. Pa avareji 1500m anakweza yachonde pamwamba. Komabe, kusinthasintha lalikulu Kumwamba. Plateau kufanana zitunda intersect ndi pamwamba pafupifupi 3 Km (Wheeler pachimake - 3982 m). matendawa, chakuya, wotchedwa Bolson, kugona pakati pawo. Iwo theka-unazunguliridwa ndi akachita beseni, zomwe ndi mbali ya ngalande mkati. Imfa Valley - mmodzi wa iwo (-85 m).

nsonga Relict nthawi zambiri amapezeka (kuphatikizapo cones kwa mapiri).

Colorado Plateau ndi Grand Canyon

Colorado Plateau - ndi imodzi mwa ngodya kwambiri wapadera wa dziko lathuli, amene amadziwika North America. mpumulo wake ndi wokongola kwambiri. Malinga ndi matabwa ake Geological (yopingasa gulu phe phiri nyanja miyala a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera wakale verhnepaleoziyskih atagona crystalline chapansi) ndi yachonde ofanana ndi North America nsanja. pamwamba pake - akakhala pa mbalambanda, imene imafikira ndi kutalika kwa 3860 m.

Kukopa m'mapiriŵa ndi Grand Canyon (North America). Zimachititsa chilumbachi ndi nyengo amakopeka ndi malo awa alendo ambiri. Grand Canyon (onani chithunzi m'munsimu) unakhazikitsidwa ku Colorado Mtsinje, pakati pa ntchito yake. Akafika akuya mamita 1800, m'lifupi mwake 8 mpaka 25 kuchokera pa chikweza ndi 1km pa mlingo pansi. otsetsereka ndi chidwi, chodabwitsa khalidwe la Grand Canyon. Iwo anatuluka ndondomeko ya kuwonongeka erosive ndi weathering. The crystalline m'munsi mwa ophatikizidwa kumulowetsa yopapatiza njira.

Mumtima phiri lamba

Zoni lachitatu - lamkati phiri - lamba nevadiyskih Mitandadza: Coast mapiri, Alaska osiyanasiyana, kugwa mapiri, Sierra Nevada, ndi yopingasa Ziphala Sierra Madre Occidental. Owongoka kusiyana pakati pa zitunda izi. miyala Igneous amachuluka mu dongosolo lawo. Kugwa Mountains - batholith ndi cones chiphala, anapachikidwa pa izo. Lokwera la Sierra Nevada ndi asymmetric chimphona galasi batholith ndi mumbali phompho kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa otsetsereka.

lamba synclinoria

Zoni yachinayi zone synclinoria. Izi kutsitsa woyendera nthambi, umene unakhazikitsidwa mu Neogene. Part wa panopa ukufanizidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana m'madzi Magombe, m'mavuto. Pa dziko ndi chigwa cha Imfa, Wamkulu chapakati Valley, malire kunsi kwa mtsinje wa Colorado.

Far West zone

kasanu - kumadzulo kwambiri. Ndi lamba m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya apangidwe ya m'mapiri zitunda monga Aleut (pali 25 yogwira mapiri), Kenai Peninsula, Island Ridge kwa Victoria Peak (okwera - 2,200 amene anafunsidwa m), Chugachsky Ridge Peninsula Victoria, Coast aataliatali, manambala Sierra Madre del Sur. Onsewo ndi sing'anga-mkulu, koma nsonga olemekezeka pamwamba 2 Km.

Malinga mmene glaciation, zovuta mabacteria orographic kotenga, tectonic ndi erosional kung'ambika, ndi Cordillera lagawidwa 4 morphostructural chigawo: Cordillera wa Mexico, ndi United States Cordillera Cordillera Cordillera la Canada ndi Alaska.

Kum'mawa m'dzikoli

Kodi mpumulo North America kum'mawa? Dziwani izi. Monga taonera, kupanga North America zimachititsa chilumbachi zambiri lathyathyathya la kum'mawa m'dzikoli. Kwenikweni ndi chapamwamba (Central, Laurentian) ndipo zigwa mkulu. M'zigwa ndi katundu wambiri kuti: Primeksikanskaya, Atlantic dera, Prigudzonskaya ndi Mississippi ku malire kunsi kwa mtsinje chomwecho.

Appalachian mapiri lamba

Mu North America, motsutsana ndi South, wina lamba phiri akutambasula m'mphepete kum'mawa - Appalachian. Izi ranges dongosolo phiri, ku Gulf of St. mofatsa. Lawrence pafupifupi 33-32 ⁰ m. m., kuti pafupifupi 2,300 makilomita. Chilumba cha Newfoundland ndi kugwirizana kumpoto. Appalachian - izo epiplatform mapiri aatali. Kusiyana zofunika pakati pa kum'mwera ndi kumpoto mbali ya mapiri anachititsa makhalidwe tectonic ndi dongosolo miyala. Graben Hudson ndi malire pakati kumpoto ndi kum'mwera Appalachian. Appalachians kumpoto lonse - ndi undulating yachonde. Iwo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi ranges munthu phiri kapena m'mapiri. Kumpoto Appalachian alipo pa glaciation Quaternary. Choncho, mawonekedwe a mapiri tsopano - mosabisa, yekha nsonga apamwamba anali pamasewera ndi makoma phompho.

Kumwera Appalachians

Kusinthana kwa zigwa yaitali kufanana ndi zitunda zosiyanasiyana Kumwera Appalachians. Kum'mawa, ndi kumadzulo kuwonjezera pamodzi phazi m'mapiriŵa. Iwo Piedmont kumadzulo - lathyathyathya m'chigwa cha denudation, amene aumbike mwa Oyambirira Mathanthwe crystalline miyala. Kwa izo limatuluka steeply kumadzulo unyolo wa mapiri, pafupifupi mosalekeza (Kohut, Unakite, Black, wautsi, chachikulu, buluu, etc.), Msinkhu - 1-1.5 Km. Izi "akale phiri" - wandiweyani mitima Caledonide, okonzeka denudation.

Lamba zitunda ndi zigwa

Chimodzi mwa malo ambiri ochititsa chidwi a Appalachian mapiri lili kumadzulo kwa iwo. Izi otchedwa Young Mountain, kapena lamba wa zitunda ndi zigwa. Nazi zina zosangalatsa za mpumulo wa North America. miyala nyanja ya nyengo Paleozoic wapangidwa ndi gawo lonse: ranges - shales ndi sandstones pa chigwa - dolomites ndi limestones. Anatambasula kwa mazana makilomita kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa mzere Tambasula la mapiri, zigwa lonse taphunzira ndi lathyathyathya-aposa kapena zisa ndi zitunda yopapatiza. Pamalo okwera mamita 500-600, pansi pa zigwa. zitunda mapiriwo n'ngotalika 1-1.2 Km. Valley tectonically kuimira anticlinoria ndi zitunda ndi synclinoria. Kuti, pa mfundo imeneyi akuonekera mismatch mtundu wa dongosolo tectonic wa mawonekedwe ano, amene ali mpumulo apa mu North America. Photos of Appalachia ndi anapereka m'munsimu.

Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha kufalitsidwa, kapena mtundu inversion mpumulo. Umapezeka mapiri ali osowa kwambiri, ndipo kwambiri kwambiri mu Appalachians. mtundu wa mpumulo pamodzi mizere anayamba kutchedwa "Appalachian mpumulo." Lamba "wamng'ono phiri" kumadzulo kaye Appalachian Plateau (Cumberland, Allegheny). Ndi protrusion amene kutalika ndi 300-400 m. Ichi ndi apamwamba kwambiri yachonde Piedmont. padziko kum'mawa m'mphepete lagona pa msinkhu pafupifupi 1.2 Km, ndi kumadzulo - 500 mamita Plateau malo kwambiri kuligaŵa zigwa mitsinje zosiyanasiyana (gorge bottoms ndi otsetsereka ndi lopapatiza phompho) ..

Chabwino, tsopano kuti mpumulo wa North America anali mwachidule kuwunikira m'nkhani ino, tikuyembekezera kudzakhala kosavuta kwa iye kuti ulaliki wake.