Vitebsk, anthu: mafuko zikuchokera ndi kuchuluka

Chiwerengero cha Vitebsk ndi za 369 000 anthu, amene amalola mzinda kutenga malo chachinayi mu mawu a anthu mu Belarus. kafukufuku anapereka pa malo boma m'Komiti ya Vitebsk Regional Executive, kuzindikira dongosolo kuti chiwerengero cha anthu a m'dziko chikuchepa, koma chiwerengero cha ochokera m'mayiko akunja amene amapita ku mzinda kuwonjezeka kukhazikikamo.

Tsopano m'chigawo m'tauni ndipo derali lili kunyumba pafupifupi 100 ochokera m'mayiko. Chotero yosiyanasiyana zikuchokera anachititsa chisankho pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayanjano dziko. Mu mzinda pali zinthu kuteteza ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha ing'onoing'ono dziko. Mwachindunji mu Vitebsk ankaoneka ngati dziko pophatikizana:

• Russian;
• Chiyukireniya;
• Roma;
• European;
• Chilativiya.

Kiyi deta ntchito mayanjano - chikondi ndi moyo, chithandizo cha zamalamulo ndi zina m'dziko lakwawo, komanso maphunziro chikhalidwe nzika.

mphamvu Chiwerengero cha anthu a Vitebsk

Mfundo yoyamba za anthu ndipo chiwerengero cha anaonekera khumi zoyambirira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Choncho, mu 1641 pamzinda zikwi khumi zigawo. Ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali m'chigawo m'tauni, kale pa nthawi imeneyo kunali anthu pang'ono kuposa zikwi khumi.

The mathamangitsidwe a kuchuluka kwa anthu mpaka First World nkhondo, pamene anthu anali anthu zana ndi zisanu ndi zinayi zikwi. Koma panthawi ya nkhondo mzinda wa Vitebsk ndi anthu ake anavutika anthu ndi zinthu zomvetsa kwambiri, zimene zinachititsa kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha anthu. Kotero, anali anthu 100 zikwi, ndi 1920 anali atagwa 80 000 m'chaka cha 1917, anthu Vitebsk. Patapita nzika anayamba kukula. Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ankakhala mumzinda pafupifupi 170 zikwi anthu.

Kodi mlingo kunsi kwa anthu chinalembedwa pa nkhondo ndiponso ntchito. Nthawiyi amaonedwa kuti ndi zovuta kwambiri: kuwombera anthu, imfa za nzika zozunzirako, atigwira a anthu wamba kugwiritsa ntchito yaukapolo ...

Koma nthawi yovuta zapita. Pa tsiku la mzindawo, womwe Zakachikwi wa Vitebsk, umene unachitikira mu 1974, anthu anali kale anthu 270.000. Ndi kugwa kwa Soviet Union, anthu a Vitebsk anayamba kutha kachiwiri.

zikuchokera National wa Vitebsk

Deta woyamba pa zikuchokera mitundu ya anthu mu Vitebsk anaonekera pa nthawi ya kalembera mu boma Russian mu 1897. Kutsiliza za mtundu wa anayankha nazo chinenero. Ziwerengero anapanga kunja Zotsatira za kafukufuku pa chipembedzo ndi makalasi a anthu.

Malinga ndi 1641, lomwe limatchula Maina a anayankha (aliases ndi nicknames eni zigawo), ubwino wa anthu amenewa anali anthu zakwawoko - Belarusians. Komanso, anthu akhala amadziŵika ndi oimira boma Russian. Palibe zigawo, kuti kuweruza ndi chinenero kulankhulana tsiku komanso chipembedzo, pamene si wa Ayuda. Monga mmene taonera, mu Vitebsk izo taonera, pakalibe Ayuda, koma magwero ena anapeza kuti iwo anali kukhalabe ndi yaing'ono, ndipo ngakhale anathandiza chitetezo cha dziko la asilikali Russian mu 1654.

Woyamba ambiri kalembera wa Ufumu Russian

The zikuchokera dziko la mudziwo poyamba kuzindikiridwa pa onse awerenge chiwerengero cha Russian Ufumu (1897 zaka). Komabe, chifukwa pakalibe ndime "adzadziwire dziko", mapepala analemba dziko, zochokera lilime mayi wa kafukufukuyu nzika. Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, deta izi sizisonyeza chithunzi chenicheni, chifukwa masiku amenewo, anthu ambiri otchedwa chinenero chawo mayi chinenero cha anthu ena.

Pamaziko a kanjedza analandira poyamba kalembera ambiri (1897), zinalengedwa ndi kusanthula zikuchokera dziko la mzinda. deta ndi kuperekedwa monga kuchuluka kwa magulu osiyanasiyana, m'dera la kuthetsa m'tawuni. Choncho, zikuchokera mtundu wa Vitebsk anapereka deta zotsatirazi:

• Ayuda mpaka 50% ya anthu;
• cholowa cha Russian nkhani 29%;
• Belarusians 12%;
• Zitsulo anapanga 5%;
• German Vitebsk anali yekha 1.5%;
• munthu yemwe akugwira kale m'Chilativiya anali pang'ono kuposa 1%;
• Chilituyaniya - zosakwana 0.1%.

Chilankhulo cha anthu mzinda

Pamaziko a kalembera nzika '(2009), ndi chinenero cha anthu ambiri anavota ku Vitebsk Russian (60.5% ya chiwerengero cha nzika ankakhala mumzinda). Kukhala chilankhulo Chibelarusi anali pafupi makumi anayi pa zana. The zikuchokera aliyense amene alibe chinenero kapena anthu ndi kudziŵa zinenero zina, muli peresenti hafu ya anthu isanu ndi.

Ngati ife kuganizira mfundo, mu zinenero kulankhula nzika tsiku ndi tsiku, mukhoza kudalira deta zotsatirazi:

• chiwerengero cha anthu amene kulankhula Russian kunyumba, ndi pafupifupi 92% ya chonse cha anthu;
• chilankhulo Chibelarusi ntchito pafupifupi 3% ya anthu m'tauni;
• anthu amene amalankhula zinenero zina kapena anakana amasonyeza chinenero osakhala kulankhulana, mpaka 5.5%.

chinenero chachiwiri, limene allocated ambiri nzika, ndi Chibelarusi - 24,6% (amene ali kunyumba amalankhula Russian) ndi Russian - 1,5%.

Fund zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa anthu a mumzinda wa Vitebsk

Social Protection Fund amapereka nzika angapo yothandiza. Njira zimene ntchito yake kuteteza moyo wa nzika:

• makonzedwe a penshoni a mitundu uliwonse;
• woika anthu benefiti, kulera ana;
• thandizo wene amene ali kukafuna ntchito;
• kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo osachepera malipiro;
• thandizo mu ntchito kwa anthu kuntchito amene ntchito ndi vuto;
• kudziwika ndi Kupha kuyan'anila kuti okhudzana ndi chitetezo.

Mabanja kapena kholo limodzi, ubwino chikhalidwe Amawapatsa pamaziko a pa munthu ndalama pa miyezi khumi.

boma kungathandizenso nzika amapezeka mu vuto, zokhudza ntchito za zintchito ndi nkhope. Malipiro anapangidwa kwa zigawo chikhalidwe citetezo anthu.

ubwino Social anapereka kwa anthu kuti ana, omwe amagwira ntchito mlingo chachitatu cha kulumala kapena anthu amene sali akufunika kupatsa gulu, koma wosowa chithandizo, malinga Kupenda dokotala.

zikuchitika ndipo anthu a Vitebsk

Monga wa January 1, 2017 anthu a Vitebsk ndi 369.9 zikwi. Anthu. Patapita nthawi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu a mumzinda zitayamba kukula kayendedwe kawo. nzika ambiri Belarusians (80%), pang'ono zosakwana miyoyo Vitebsk Russian (12.7%) ndi Ukrainians (1.3%). Mwa oimira mayiko ena ochuluka kuposa ndiwo Ayuda ndi Zitsulo. Today pa Russian kulankhula 60% ya anthu a Vitebsk, Belarus otchedwa abale 33,8%, zinenero zina (kapena lirime mayi) - 5.6%.

mzinda lagawidwa m'zigawo zitatu utsogoleri. Komanso, chigawo m'tawuni tichipeza atatu m'mudzi tchuthi kumene am'deralo kugula katundu zing'onozing'ono adzamanga nyumba dziko. Mbiri, bizinesi ndi malo chikhalidwe cha mzindawo ndi Oktyabrsky chigawo, kumene ambiri a mabungwe oyang'anira tauni. maofesi Industrial ali anaikira makamaka ku dera Railway, amene mulinso pamwamba commuter midzi. Pervomaisky chigawo - m'tulo kumpanda, mabwalo chete, m'mapaki wobiriwira ndi zomangamanga. Mbiri yakale, m'dera olekanitsidwa ndi magulu awiri olekanitsidwa ndi mitsinje Western Dvina ndi Luchesa.

Modern Vitebsk - mzinda zikondwerero. Chaka chilichonse chikuchitika pa zochitika makumi awiri chikhalidwe. chochitika chofunika kwambiri ndi "Asilavo Bazaar".

Mzindawu uli ndi mabungwe ambiri maphunziro. Ambiri sukulu ya sekondale (38), galamala (9) ndipo m'sukulu za sekondale (5) koleji (11), kindergartens (93). Mabungwe a misinkhu apamwamba zisanu zokha, koma Vitebsk ndi imodzi mwa mayunivesite waukulu mankhwala yekha Chibelarusi yunivesite, umene umabala veterinarians. Makamaka bwino anayamba mabungwe ndi masewera ophunzitsa maofesi, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa gyms ochiritsira, mayunivesite ndi masukulu ndi maiwe kusambira, midzi gymnastic ang'ono ndi m'bwalomo othamanga.