Njinga mafuta injini dizilo ndi chopangira mphamvu ndi: kusankha mtundu, ndemanga

Lubricating madzimadzi kwa dizilo ndi mafuta injini amasiyana Chrixitu. Kodi kusiyana ndi mafuta mu injini dizilo ayenera kudzazidwa? Timanena za m'nkhani yotsatira.

injini dizilo katundu

Pansi pa chiphunzitso yeniyeni zambiri zofunikira kuti anakumana ndi mafuta injini kwa injini dizilo kuti chopangira mphamvu, ndi galimoto ntchito ayenera kuzindikiridwa ndi ndondomeko chosiyana ndi zimene zikuchitika unit mafuta.

Dizilo kukumana wamkulu matenthedwe katundu ndi ntchito mafuta osauka. Pa nthawi yomweyo mapangidwe ndi kuyaka kukuchitika mofulumira kwambiri. Choncho, kuyaka wathunthu wa mafuta ovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa iwo, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zambiri particles mwaye. Chifukwa kuthamanga m'chipinda kuyaka mu crankcase mpweya zimatha kuyambitsa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, lubricant zambiri oxidized. The ndondomeko otchedwa mafuta ukalamba ndi zambiri mofulumira.

lubricant ukalamba

kukalamba Izi zimachitika pamene pamene katundu injini kondomu amayamba kusintha. Iwo kugwa zatsalira makina kuchotsako madzi, komanso madzi ndi particulates panamveka ku zinthu injini kuwonongeka mafuta kuyaka. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali ndondomeko ya makutidwe ndi okosijeni, ndi mafuta ndi zina zonse mwamsanga ntchito gwero la. Mu gawo ili la pamene mowa yawo imatentha kondomu mafuta. Ngakhale mofulumira ndondomeko izi zimachitika mu injini achikulire. Ndichifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kwambiri kuti mafuta ntchito zana pa zana, kupereka bwino injini ntchito.

Mosiyana ndi mafuta jenereta dizilo

Njinga kwa injini dizilo mafuta chopangira mphamvu ndi angapo zina ena kuposa powertrains mafuta. Popeza mafuta si kwathunthu combusted, kuchuluka kwa detergent ndi dispersant zina m'menemo ayenera kukhala yokulirapo. Zikomo mmodzi wa katundu wa particles akhoza inaimitsidwa. Ena amachepetsa fouling pa miyambo ya nthawi ndi tsilindro- pisitoni. Popeza dizilo ndi mkulu sulfure, kuchepetsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni mu mafuta injini kwa injini dizilo kuti chopangira mphamvu ndi amene anayambitsa kuchuluka wamkulu wa zowonjezera soda ndi ena otsutsana ndondomeko zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni.

Komanso zinthu zatsopano m'munda wa lubricants amakulolani kukhala mitunduyi latsopano mafuta ndi katundu wa chilengedwe chonse ndiponso okhudza kukhuthala.

Kukhuthala ndi kalasi (general)

Taganizirani kalembedwe ntchito mu dziko mafuta anafuna osiyanasiyana Motors. Choncho, kukhuthala mlingo wa index ndi amaimira SAE (mwachitsanzo, 5W30). Ndiye akusonyeza khalidwe mafuta ndi API (mwachitsanzo, SF / CC). kuchita makalata amenewa ndi chiyani?

The oyamba, «S» zikuonetsa kuti mafuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito injini petulo. Chachiwiri, "C" - limalola ntchito injini dizilo. Kujambulitsa ndi kulekanitsa kachigawo madzi limasonyeza ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana, i.e. n'zotheka ntchito galimoto imodzi kwa mitundu onse, ndi kwa ena. Mlingo wachiwiri makalata ntchito kuulula katundu, mawu ena a kalasi khalidwe. The mkulu mlingo wa zofunika ndi mtunda kuchokera pachiyambi cha alifabeti. Ndiko, kutali kuyambira chiyambi cha kalata, ndi bwino khalidwe.

Pakuti mayunitsi ndi dizilo pali gulu:

• SS - zikutanthauza-aspirated dizilo injini okonzeka ndi zolimbitsa kapena supercharger ndipo angathe kugwira ntchito mu mavuto;
• CD - zikutanthauza mphamvu yapamwamba ndi ntchito osati mavuto, komanso mafuta ndi okhutira mkulu sulfure;
• CE - anasankha mphamvu kwambiri kumasulidwa pambuyo 1983,
• CF-4 - limasonyeza chetyrehtaktnikah pambuyo 1990;
• CG-4 - pambuyo 1994, pamene CF-4 specifications bwino akumana zofunika kuposa kawopsedwe;
• CA ndi CB ali kugulisa mafuta, ndi CD-11 ndi CF-2 angagwiritsidwe ntchito ziwiri sitiroko mayunitsi dizilo.

Komanso zofunika API, injini mafuta injini dizilo kuti chopangira mphamvu ndi kunja, monga injini mafuta za gulu mafuta zimagawidwa ndi ACEA.

Pakuti injini dizilo chiri motere:

• V1-96 - magalimoto zambiri aspirated;
• V2-96 - magalimoto ndi turbocharged kapena ayi;
• V3-96 - magalimoto ndi tubronadduvom kapena popanda choyamba kalasi;
• E1-96 - zoti magalimoto ndi supercharging mkulu,
• E2-96 - chinthu chomwecho chimene E1-96, koma bwino;
• E3-96 - magalimoto ndi kalasi mkulu supercharged owonjezera.

Kukhuthala ndi kalasi (linanena bungwe)

Mu masiku ano galimoto popanda mphamvu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito Maphunziro CD kapena B1 ndi apamwamba mafuta, ndi Turbo dizilo, anapereka pambuyo 1990 - CE Maphunziro B2 kapena pamwamba. Chotero kwambiri zofuna kwa injini turbocharged kuchotsedwa osati chifukwa kuchuluka katundu, komanso kukhala ndi chitsimikizo cha durability ndi moyo utumiki lalitali la mtengo, monga turbocharger lapansi.

Chinanso chofunika ndi kukhuthala index. Aliyense akudziwa kuti chizindikiro ichi limanena za m'chilimwe, yozizira kapena zonse nyengo lathu mafuta. Akuthamanga mafuta ambiri viscous ndi chiwerengero wawo, mwachitsanzo 30. Multigrade mafuta ndi katundu ndi chilimwe ndi chisanu, chifukwa zimalepheretsa zina. Pa nthawi yomweyo, dziŵani kuti si onse vsesezonki wabwino kwa injini dizilo. Mwachitsanzo, chotero kukhuthala monga 10W30, angathe kuyamba injini pa ozizira chiyambi. Komabe, makina amakono a kalasi kusowa kwake. Oyenera galimoto kukhuthala kalasi nthawi zonse kutchulidwa Buku opaleshoni, ndi kulowa izi ziyenera kuchitika. Ndipotu ndi mafuta abwino kwa injini dizilo.

Mchere madzi kapena synthetics

Si choncho zofunika mafuta mafuta m'munsi monga kanjedza pamwamba ndi kukhuthala kalasi. Posankha chizindikiro ichi ambiri amatsata zochokera chiŵerengero akadakwanitsira "mtengo kwambiri". Inde, ntchito madzi mchere ndi mtengo Koma mafuta dizilo kwa injini Turbo kupanga maziko ali wolimba ndi odalirika ntchito pa nthawi yonse. Choncho, madzi uyu adzakhala zochepa avale pa injini, potero kuonjezera moyo wake. Komanso bwino kupanga kumaonekera pa kutentha otsika.

Koma sindikuganiza kuti mafuta dizilo turbocharged injini zitha kukhala kupanga. Ngati madzi mchere likukwaniritsa khalidwe ndi kukhuthala, ndi ufulu ntchito dizilo nayenso.

Batala "Mobile", "Lukoil", "Nkhono" kapena "Castrol"?

Pankhani Mlengi, nkhaniyi zimayambitsa mavuto osati pa mwachizolowezi mwini galimoto, koma ngakhale zimango. Mpaka posachedwapa, kusankha sinali chabe kwa anthu Soviet. Pali mitundu iwiri, ndipo palibe mkangano pa nthawiyi chiyani osadzuka. Koma lero, osiyanasiyana ophikira kuti mosavuta kutaika. Komabe, kuika maganizo pa aliyense wa iwo, ndi bwino kusintha mtundu, ndi kutsatira wopanga aliyense wosakwatira.

mafuta mungachite API mfundo

Maphunziro CJ-4. mfundo iyi anaonekera mu 2006. mafuta njirazi ndi izi:

• Chipolopolo Rimula 15W40, Rotella T6 0W40;
• "Lukoil" mafuta injini dizilo "ovomereza Vanguard» LA 15W40;
• ena.

Maphunziro CI. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena wopanda Turbo zace. Pakati pawo:

• Mannol Dizilo Turbo 5W40;
• mafuta "Mobile» Exxon Delvac 1 ESP;
• ndi ena.

injini dizilo kalasi CH-liwiro abwino chetyrehtaktnikov. Zikuphatikizapo KIXX Mphamvu 15W40 ndi ena.

Maphunziro CG-4 mayunitsi agwirizane ndi mlingo wa kawopsedwe anavomera mu US mu 1994.

Maphunziro CF-4 injini dizilo woyenera 1990 lachitsanzo chaka. Pakati pawo, mwachitsanzo, WOLF Njinga Mafuta 133/30.

kalasi CF-2 ntchito magudumu mphamvu ziwiri sitiroko ndi zomera mphamvu.

mawu ochepa A za mafuta

Zimachitika kuti ziziyenda kupeza mafuta mu thanki pambuyo linada makilomita 500-1000, mantha kuti kale kwambiri ndipo mpaka amakhulupirira kuti kale muyenera kusintha mafuta mu injini dizilo. Koma izi sizili choncho. Palibe vuto palibe blackening, chifukwa chabe ndipamene mpweya wakuda, ndi adamulowetsa zina ntchito tatchulazi.

Akukhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito apamwamba mafuta kupanga kumawonjezera moyo migodi. Ndipo izo si zoona, chifukwa consumable ntchito, zomwe wachita chifuniro chake doubly zoipa.

Ambiri akudabwa ngati ntchito mphindi zisanu ankatenthetsa monga injini dizilo. Malinga ndi wolemba, ndalama izi osati achabechabe, koma nthawi zina akhoza kuwononga injini. Choncho, ngati ndi kuchita kuchapa, njira zisamatero wosambitsa, ndi apamwamba injini dizilo mafuta, mtengo umene ndi chimodzimodzi mu zakumwa zonse zofanana. njirayi zimatenga nthawi zambiri, monga kuyenera pyatiminutok wapadera kuti amangokhalira mwamakani, ndi pamodzi ndi madipoziti ndi Muzitsuka kungachititse kuti chilibe ntchito ndi kutayidwa pafupi ndi jombo ndi zinthu zina.

Za phindu la ndalama zina ndi zina zimakhala zovuta kuyankha mosapita m'mbali. Komabe, n'zoonekeratu kuti mafuta kale lili zina zofunikira zonse, ndi nkhani za iwo chimene kusintha boma kale ntchito mafuta, amanena zambiri malonda a kugulitsa njira yapadera ndi njira kupanga ndalama izo. Nthawi zambiri osati potengera ubwino weniweni wa madzimadzi lubricating.