Ndi mtundu wanyimbo mabuku, mafashoni ndi zinthu mu ntchito za olemba Russian ndi ndakatulo chiyani?

The Mitundu yaikulu ya mabuku - gulu la mankhwala zofanana kwa ulaliki ofunda ndi kalembedwe. Ngakhale nthawi ya Aristotle unagawidwa Mitundu mabuku, umboni wa zimenezi - "Poetics" nzeru zapamwamba Greek, zolembalemba lonena za kusanduka, olembedwa zaka zana zitatu Khristu asanabwere.

ndi mtundu wanyimbo Kodi mabuku?

Literature kunayamba nthawi m'Baibulo, anthu kulemba ndi kuwerenga nthawi. Birch makungwa, munali zina lemba - ndi mabuku, chifukwa kulemba ali ndi maganizo a munthu kusonyeza zilakolako ndi zokhumba. Memoranda, zopempha mabuku achipembedzo zinalembedwa akonzedwa, motero anafika woyamba zolembalemba mtundu wanyimbo - khungwa. Ndi kukula kulemba Mbiri polemba chinenero cha zinayambira. Nthawi zambiri olembedwa anali kale zizindikiro zolembalemba, wachisomo ankasinthana wa kulankhula, wophiphiritsa nthano.

The mtundu wanyimbo lotsatira mabuku anakhala epic, epic nkhani ya ngwazi ndi anthu ena a nkhani zakale. Osiyana mabuku mtundu wanyimbo tinganene kuti mabuku achipembedzo, ikulongosola za zochitika m'Baibulo, moyo wa atsogoleri apamwamba.

Kubwera kwa makina m'nthawi ya 16 chinali chiyambi cha kukula mofulumira mabuku. Kuyambira cha m'ma 17 anapanga mumaganiza zolembalemba, masitaelo ndi Mitundu.

Literature m'ma 18

Pa funso la chimene Mitundu mu mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma 18, mungayankhe mosapita m'mbali kuti mabuku a nthawi lagawidwa mbali zitatu zazikulu: sewero, Nkhani ndi mavesi ndakatulo. ntchito Kochititsa zambiri natenga maonekedwe tsoka, pamene zilembo nkhani anamwalira, ndi kulimbana kwa chabwino ndi choipa anakhala ambiri anafa. Kalanga, mabuku zinthu msika ulembedwe mawu awo kale. Polemba chinenero bata ofotokozera, nayenso, anapeza owerenga. Kunena, novellas ndi nkhani yochepa ankatengedwa "pakati", pamene masoka ndakatulo ndi odes amatchedwa "mkulu" polemba chinenero mabuku ndi nthano satirical ndi comedies - kuti "wochepa".

Vesi - ndi wosazindikira mawonekedwe a ndakatulo, omwe anali otchuka pa mipira, zochitika chikhalidwe ndi zochita zina likulu otchuka apamwamba. The ndakatulo mu mtundu wanyimbo la ndime anali zizindikiro za vesi syllogistic unagawidwa zigawo rhythmic. Mawotchi kalembedwe, zakupha kwa ndakatulo woona, Ine yaitali malinga mafashoni.

mabuku zaka 19-20

Literature kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndipo zoyambirira 20th mu Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, wotchuka kwambiri mu zaka za golide za Pushkin ndi Gogol, ndiyeno - mu Silver M'badwo wa Alexander Blok ndi Sergeya Esenina. Drama, epic ndi lyric ndakatulo - ndicho chimene Mitundu mu mabuku a m'mbuyomu ndi chaka pamaso atumwi wotsiriza.

Lyrics inazingidwa kuti maganizo, ndi watanthauzo ndi cholinga. Magawo ake anali ode ndi elegy, ndi ode - ndi anadabwa kwambiri adamthamangira, apadera ndi anakwezedwa udindo wa otchuka.

M'nyimbo elegy kumadalira pa mfundo za vesi chisoni pomva chisoni, chifukwa cha zochitika ngwazi, ziribe kanthu chimene chinali chifukwa - zochitika zawo kapena disharmony wa chilengedwe chonse.

ndi mtundu wanyimbo mabuku ano n'chiyani?

Mitundu mabuku n'zosamveka ambiri mwa iwo ali otchuka kwambiri, amalamula anthu onse:

• Tsoka - mtundu wa mtundu wanyimbo mabuku a masewero, mmene kwambiri maganizo nkhawa, ndi imfa kuvomerezedwa otchuka.
• Comedy - zosiyanasiyana wina polemba chinenero sewero, popenyana ndi tsoka ndi nkhani losangalala ndiponso kutha osangalala.
• Polemba chinenero nthano - buku kayendedwe ana, chitukuko kulenga. Mu mtundu wanyimbo a katswiri ambiri zolembalemba.
• Yadzaoneni - mabuku polemba chinenero cha mphamvu mbiri, limafotokoza zinthu payekha Kale kalembedwe zozizwitsa, izo zimaonetsa ambiri otchulidwa.
• Polemba chinenero buku - mafotokozedwe lalikulu, ndi mizere angapo chiwembu, mwatsatanetsatane moyo wa khalidwe lililonse payekhapayekha ndiponso monga gulu, ndi propensity kwa kusanthula zochitika.
• Nkhani - mtundu wanyimbo pafupifupi mawonekedwe, lolembedwa ndi chiwembu chomwecho ndi buku, koma ndi nkhani zambiri achidule. limodzi ngati khalidwe waukulu, ndi zina amafotokozedwa "kulumikiza" ndi kumakonda ili mu nkhaniyo.
• Nkhani - ndi mtundu wanyimbo mitundu ka Nkhani, chidule cha zochitika. chiwembu ake sangathe anapitiriza, ndi quintessence la wolemba, nthawi zonse yomalizidwa mawonekedwe.
• Buku - ndi mtundu wanyimbo ofanana ndi nkhaniyo, kusiyana kokha mu sharpness a chiwembu. Novella osiyana zosayembekezereka, sizimadziwika kutha. polemba chinenero Izi thrillers wabwino.
• Polemba chinenero nkhani - nkhani yomweyo, koma monga mwa unsembe wa ulaliki wa si zopeka. The nkhani si maluwa kulankhula liwiro, ovuta mawu ndi pathos.
• Zotengera monga mtundu wanyimbo zolembalemba ndi zachilendo, si lathu accusatory kumathandiza kuti kutchuka, ngakhale satirical kusewera mu ntchito ed bwino analandira.
• Detective mtundu wanyimbo - kwambiri anafuna-pambuyo azimuth mabuku a nthawi yotsiriza. Zikwizikwi zamabuku a mabuku a olemba otchuka monga Alexander Marinina, Daria Dontsova, Polina Dashkova ndi anthu ambiri, anakhala lina owerenga ambiri Russian.

Pomaliza

Mitundu ya mabuku Russian ndi osiyanasiyana, aliyense angathe pofuna kulenga, omwe amangidwa ntchito ndi olemba mabuku a masiku ndi ndakatulo.