Ndi m'maganizo a ntchito za Lermontov Kodi

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov ndi chimodzi wa omwe adayambitsa Golden Age mabuku Russian. Mu mabuku wake, anaphunzira Chekhov ndi Tolstoy, ndakatulo wake anauziridwa ndi Bunin ndi Akhmatova. Katswiri pa mawu ooneka owerenga lero, atakhala bala wapamwamba aliyense amene amaona ngati wolemba Russian.

The ngwazi nthawi yake

Lermontov - wolemba ndakatulo wa nyengo ya chitukuko ndi buku lamphamvu kwambiri ndi nkhanza anachita ndale. cholowa ake olemera ndi aakulu ntchito mabuku a moyo kupsa mu zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Mmasate - nthawi imeneyi, lingaliro la mantha, malingaliro wosasangalala za m'tsogolo, kukana ndi chisoni. Panthawi imeneyi, pali anachita kugonjetsedwa kwa Decembrists, boma, analankhula mu 1825.

Society akufunafuna yankho la funso chochita, osati kutenga mpaka mapeto a zinthu zopweteka za ulamuliro watsopano asilikali. Nicholas woyamba akulowa nthambi wachitatu wa apolisi, kufufuza pansi pa mawu aliwonse, olemekezeka kuwasindikiza maina. choti zonsezi saloledwa kwathunthu achinyamata. Mosalakwitsa ndiponso kukana ali mbali ya nzeru latsopano, womwenso mu njira ya mnyamata Michael.

The duality mabuku

mabuku pakuonetsa Kuzindikira, amene akudya ndi m'maganizo a zilandiridwenso Lermontov. Russian Kuzindikira n'zosadabwitsa ataphunzira loyang'ana ake - romanticism. Ndipo ndi mbuye achinyamata mawu mwapadera akhoza kuphatikiza malangizo awa awiri, kupanga katswiri ndakatulo, sewero, prose.

Kubadwa kwa khalidwe la ndakatulo

Ndakatulo mu ofufuza Lermontov kugawidwa mu magawo awiri: unyamata ndiponso mukadzakula. Luso fano la ngwazi m'nyimbo ali bwino anasonyeza munthu makhalidwe a chikondi zoweta, atazunguliridwa ndi dziko kunja.

Ngakhale Michael anauziridwa ndi ntchito za Byron, ngwazi wake apeze zambiri idealized. Kenako anapeza njira yake, imene pali tsoka chikondi mzere ndipo palibe ubwenzi. Moyo zikufotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe a ganizo yekha. motif Izi chimasiyanitsa izo kuchokera Pushkin.

Mu mtima wa mkangano pagona chaka wakuda mu Russia, chimene chiri chosiyana maganizo a ngwazi chikondi. Choncho, chowonadi chovutitsa akuyamba kulamulira woonda mkati m'nyimbo dziko. Mu atasemphana amabadwa ali apachiyambi yoopsya ya zilandiridwenso M. Yu. Lermontova. Ndipo kwa zaka zambiri, nkhondo imeneyi kokha kuonjezera. Izi ziyenera kupereka mawu a mtima woipa ndi kukayikira kuti anaona ntchito za upamwamba zina monga Baratynsky. Komabe, "munthu wa mkati" Lermontov akupitiriza zoyenda ake ndi chitukuko, zaperekedwa kwa makhalidwe apamwamba. Ichi ndi chinthu china ndakatulo iyi.

Kusungulumwa ntchito za Lermontov - ndi njira kuti abwezeretse bwino mu moyo wake. zolinga m'nyimbo ngati zobwera ndi wolemba, alankhula za "chikondi chachilendo" kwa dziko, ananena kuti sanalenge anthu. Lyric sikuti kusadziwa anthu ndikuganiza iye akufuna kuti mwachindunji.

Njira ya ndakatulo iyi, yemwe amakhala kunja zosangalatsa chikhalidwe, amanenedwa ndi Pushkin. Koma ndakatulo mutu ntchito za Lermontov amapanga mu Russian lyric kukambirana ndi "munthu wa mkati." Mfundo imeneyi unayamba ndi Belinsky ponena za m'nyimbo. Kukhalapo Kwake - mbali nzeru za ikuimira m'tsogolo, chifukwa chifanizo cha khalidwe ndakatulo pa nthawi lidzasinthidwa chophiphiritsa.

imagism mkati

Umayamba ndi luso fanizo chikhalidwe cha ndakatulo Lermontov a. Wokwanira kukumbukira "kupalasa" mu 1832. Njira yomweyo wolemba amagwiritsa mu ndakatuloyi "The Rock," "Tuchkov kumwamba," "Mu Wild North" ndi zina zotero.

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Lermontov ufulu lodzala ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola nkhondo ndi chifuniro, kukumbukira wosatha ndi kuyiwala, chisokonezo ndi chikondi, olamulirawo ndi mtendere padziko lapansi ndi kumwamba. nkhani onse cholukanalukana ndi zapiringizana ndi mzake, chifukwa kulenga Mipikisano faceted luso kalembedwe wolemba.

Belinsky anafotokoza ndakatulo lyric monga kumusangalatsa chifukwa mafunso za ufulu wa munthu, tsogolo labwino. Komabe, wotsutsa limanena kuti mitu siifa ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala mu ankafuna.

The m'maganizo a chinenero

The m'maganizo a chinenero Lermontov ali bwino, kuwunika ntchito yake. Mu ndakatulo "kupalasa" - kumasonyeza chisoni, chisoni, kuyembekezera mkuntho m'lingaliro kulimbana. Pankhaniyi, izo sizikumveka chimodzimodzi zomwe zimachitika nkhondo imeneyi, izo sizikumveka chimene iye ali kutsogolera.

mawu "Kalanga ine! Iye Sali kuyang'ana chimwemwe "kutenga kwambiri kayendedwe mapeto udindo wa mneni. "Ndipo si ndi mwayi iye akuthamanga" - Ndi mmodzi wa pakati zamalankhulidwe ntchito. Iwo likukhalira kuti kulimbana ndi nkhawa za malingaliro - izo anzake chofuna ndi mumangire abwino, kukana kwa patsogolo.

"Kupalasa" - mtundu wa kujambula dziko luso la wolemba, chitsanzo chimene inu mukhoza kuwona wapadera zilandiridwenso Lermontov. Achikondi chitsutso kalekale kutaya kukhulupirika amgwirizano wa munthu.

Mwachitsanzo, mthunzi awiri mu mzere "Ayi, si choncho ardently Ndimakonda" kulankhula za mmene kwambiri ndi kufunafuna mipata kuchotsa maganizo chikondi. The m'maganizo a zilandiridwenso Lermontov - njira kukweza munthu pamwamba pake ndi zotsutsana za moyo, osati agwera mu mikangano Zingaoneke koyamba. Ngakhale osatekeseka Pankhondo ya moyo ndi imfa ntchito zake kukweza mzimu wa munthu mavuto.

Zosakhazikika moyo "munthu wamkati"

Ndakatulo chinenero ndakatulo akufotokoza wopanduka mkati dziko la ngwazi za. "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi", "manja atatu", "Cossack lullaby", "Hero Nthawi" - ndi mavuto chisoni ndi m'chikaiko chowakaikitsa. Mu mizere onse zikumveka zodabwitsa ndi cholondola cha Mawu. Izi, kachiwiri, chimatsimikizira duality makhalidwe ndakatulo.

A nambala yaikulu matanthauzo zotsutsana amaphatikizidwa mu achidule mbali zitatu gulu la quatrains atatu ndi ndakatulo "kupalasa". Quatrains kupanga wa ku, ndime yachiwiri umasiyana ndi woyamba, koma wachitatu ungatengeso consonance.

Ang'ono ndi mbali zitatu mawonekedwe zimathandiza kuthetsa kutsutsana ndi zogwirizana kwambiri, osachepera kunja. Izo zikugwirizana otsutsana m'kati, kumangika ndi kudzipatula ndi akunja malire wamba.

The mwatsatanetsatane masamu andakatulo

The monologue wa Pechorin "Mfumukazi Mary" anamasulira mkangano wa munthu ndi anthu, ndi chifukwa kuti pali mitsutso mkati. Mu kulankhula Petchorin anasonyeza otsutsana zambiri ndi bwino yomangidwa nyimbo. Lermontov limatsindika momveka quatrains zopumira pamene taphunzira mukapeza ndi m'matumbo.

fomu iyi ikunena za stiffness wa malire mkati khalidwe ndi, limasonyeza silingaimitsidwe moyo mphamvu ndi amphamvu kayendedwe.

Kuganizira za m'maganizo a zilandiridwenso Lermontov kumabweretsa mapeto wina za peculiarities chinenero chake m'nyimbo. The inventiveness cha mawu zojambulajambula - ndi luso amene angafotokoze munthu wamkati dziko, ndi moyo wachibadwa ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana.

Pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha zonse cholowa chake ndakatulo ndi mutu wa kusungulumwa. Mawu "amodzi" - awa ndi mawu kwambiri m'chilankhulo cha wolemba. Mkati ngwazi nthawizonse anaikira mphamvu lingamutsatire kusungidwa chifukwa cha kukana moyo wamba ndi zikhumbo zake zazing'ono, ndi mgwirizano wa anthu. Kusungulumwa mu Lermontov wodzazidwa ndi chilakolako wofunitsitsa kukwaniritsa abwino a mgwirizano wa moyo, kukhulupirika ndi mgwirizano wa dziko.

Music mawu

Syllable mbuye nyimbo kwambiri, ndi prose wake ali intonation zikumveka yafotokozedwera kulankhula rhythmically bungwe. Iyo inali nthawi yoyamba iye akufotokozera trisyllabic kukula kuti sizinayende pamaso pa akalambula chotero lonse, ngakhale Pushkin.

Ndakatulo mu Lermontov mwadzaza zosiyanasiyana obwerezabwereza, rhythmic kumvera pa kulankhula, mkati rhythmic-syntactic zosokoneza ndi okhwima chosokonekera, momveka zotsatizana. voltages yaikulu lakuti osatekeseka mawunikidwe wongodzinenera pamene kusiyana ndi watsopano koyamba mtengo mwachindunji linanena bungwe. Mwachitsanzo, mzere za moyo kuti "ozizira Kupenda" akukhala opanda kanthu ndi opusa nthabwala.

Today, makamaka kuphunzira zambiri kusungulumwa mu Lermontov. Zolemba za mtundu uliwonse umamumvera kuganizira za mlembi kwambiri luso. Achikondi mzere mu ndakatulo lofotokozedwa osakaniza zovuta a Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi masitayilo kulankhula. Za anthu a "Hero Nthawi" Belinsky analemba kuti wolemba anali wokhoza mwa ndakatulo kufotokoza ngakhale yosavuta chinenero coarse Maksima Maksimycha zochitika zithunzi. Kunapatsa tione moyo khalidwe sewero lanthabwala ndi pathos.

mawu anthu ngati waudindo wapamwamba andakatulo

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Lermontov zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi folklore. Mwa njira Anthu a moyo anakumana ndi mndandanda wa 1840. "Nyimbo za Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, ndi asilikali achinyamata ndi swashbuckling Malonda Kalashnikov" kulengedwanso kalembedwe wowerengeka ndakatulo Russian. Mu "Field Borodino" chikondi msilikali rants anakhala wotchuka mu kulankhula "Borodino". Apa, kachiwiri, pa kamwa ya zilembo superimposed wapadera choyambirira khalidwe opandukawo wolemba. Lermontov kenako wokanayo panopa kumaonekera dziko la chikondi chake pa Lathu. Anthu kulankhula mu malankhulidwe a ndakatulo iyi anakwezedwa udindo wapamwamba wa ndakatulo.

The m'maganizo a zilandiridwenso Lermontov wapanga amathandiza zachidziwikire kuti chitukuko cha chinenero luso. Wotsutsa Vinogradov anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti wolemba ndakatulo anasankha choyambirira njira stylistic a Russian ndi Western ndakatulo. Pa mphambano a zikhalidwe zosiyana Analenga mitundu yatsopano ya mawu zolembalemba kuti akupitiriza miyambo ya Pushkin.

Phunzirani chinenero Lermontov a

chilankhulo Lermontov ali ndi mphamvu pa olemba kenako Russian. Iwo anasolola kudzoza kwa Nekrasov, Blok, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov. Chekhov ina ananena kuti chinenero Lermontov ayenera disassemble ngati kusukulu kuphunzira kulemba. Mu maganizo ake, palibe chinenero bwino. Ntchito anatsala Mihailom Yurevichem - anali katswiri koona kwa mawu.

Osankhidwa kapena sitinamvetsetse?

Ntchito ya mlembi, zikhale prose kapena ndakatulo, napolnnyayut kufufuza wauzimu choonadi, ludzu ntchito, ndi idealization wa zithunzi za chikondi ndi kukongola. Munthu wa mkati amafunsira anabadwa kuti akhale munthu, kuti akhazikitse munthu. Pakuti ichi ndi wokonzeka akukumbatirana dziko lonse, kunena pachifuwa chake dziko lonse lapansi ndi nyenyezi zake. Iye amafuna kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe ndi "anthu wamba", koma amaona yekha monga tsogolo ndi zokhudza chisankho, potero otalikirana ndi anthu kwambiri.

Kusungulumwa mu Lermontov

The kulemba mu mzimu wa "dziko kuzunzidwa woyendayenda" mu wamng'ono lyric ndakatulo akufotokoza kusungulumwa monga mphoto. Patapita zaka - kani, ndi katundu, kusungulumwa, imene mapeto kupereka cholemba tsoka. ntchito zake amapereka lingaliro la munthu limodzi mu dziko lonse.

Choncho, pali ngwazi, mafunso m'madoko ankaba kuntchito kwawo amenewo kwa moyo wa munthu, monga chikondi, ubwenzi, kudzichepetsa. ngwazi Lermontov a inamuluma matenda ake. Angamachite pa mipira atazunguliridwa ndi khamu motley momuzungulira anthu chudyatsya sanakhudzidwe "ukali m'chiuno masks."

Pofuna kuchotsa goli la khalidwe soulless kunadetsa kunditumiza ku zochitika ana. Lermontov akufuna, ngati kamwana, kutsutsa dziko, kugwetsera pa chigoba cha anthu wamba, kuvumbula khamu.

Kusungulumwa imalongosola ndi opanda mkati. Zokhumudwitsa anthu, mfundo, ndi kutengeka ndi chisoni ndipo dekadanstvo achilendo wamng'ono mmasate. chiletso Political pa kuphedwa kwa zilakolako choona cha kusintha kwa dongosolo chitukuko ndi kunditumiza ku moyo payekha. Palibe chiyembekezo kupeza chimwemwe chenicheni, chikondi, ubwenzi, kudzikonda kuzindikira. Wotchuka "kupalasa", amene nthawi zonse yekha nyanja - chitsanzo momveka bwino maganizo a mbadwo achinyamata a nthawi imeneyo.

ndi anthu osalimba, koma chikondi indivisible - zikunenedwa, "The Rock", "Mu Wild North ..." "Leaf".

Pambuyo kupanduka wa Decembrists mu dziko umayambira wamphamvu anachita ndale. zenizeni zikuwoneka kukhala m'badwo wopotoka wa mmasate, nkhondo, ankhanza. Chigawo chino pa zolinga ndi zenizeni sangathe mwamtendere, ili singakhale kuyanjanitsidwa. atasemphana njira zimatheka chifukwa cha imfa ya m'modzi mwa magulu.

Chotero nyengo chikhalidwe zimawononga zimakhudzanso Lermontov munthu koma imachirikiza wolemba ndakatulo, kulonjezedwa kwa iye momvetsa chisoni. Chinthu chokha chimene apitiriza kukhala ndi chidwi anthu - ndi munthu woyenera. Choncho, mu nthawi msinkhu wa zilandiridwenso Lermontov zolinga amakonda kwambiri kumatsutsa Kapangidwe ka anthu, wosasamalira konkire komanso mwachangu mavuto. Iye akufuna "molimba mtima kuponyedwa chitsulo ndime," ndipo amachita nthawi zonse.

imfa ndakatulo ndi

Lermontov mlandu m'badwo aimlessness, vnurenney bwinja, kulira tsoka la Russia, nthawi yomweyo amadzadza ntchito zake kunyozana ndi mkwiyo pa iye. . Zilandiridwenso M. Yu Lermontova - kupandukira lamulo alipo zinthu.

Mu ndakatulo kuti imfa Pushkina ndakatulo chikutumiza omwera zovuta yotsutsa mphamvu akusamba. Ndiye pali chisoni ndi kuzizwa ndi chakukhosi. Pushkin ntchito amachitikira khamu, khalidwe lachitatu - maliro namatetule ndakatulo, kutentha anthu. Lermontov mlandu kuwala za kupha Sitefano Pushkin, kuti Company adzatumiza dzanja wakupha a. Apanso, Michael amapereka ngwazi wake, Pushkin, kusungulumwa, kutsutsidwa padziko lonse.

"Imfa ya ndakatulo" - msonkho kwa namatetule ndakatulo, ndipo pambali pa izo ndi jumper m'mbiri ya olowa anapanga kumene kupitiriza luso ndi uzimu. Zilandiridwenso Lermontov - kupitiriza mbiri ya mbadwo wonse, anatengedwa kuchokera kwa Pushkin. Ilo ndi liwu la achinyamata kuganizira za tsogolo la dziko, chikhalidwe chake zovuta, ndipo njira yokha. Pushkin anali dzuwa wa fuko lathu, koma sanathe kapena sanafune kusunga.

chithunzi ichi wa namatetule mwa Apigime, amene analephera, kuyamikira zionetsero kuteteza mfundo zawo. ntchito Lermontov anabadwa pa mphambano ya kutengeka ndi rationality. Chotsani, kwambiri maganizo ndi kumenya mu tangle malingaliro ndi zotsutsana. Ndi gulu la matanthauzo a mfundo ndakatulo ndi munthu, koma obedyayutsya ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo. ntchito Lermontov ndi lofunika kwambiri mu mabuku Russian, kupereka kwambiri ndi wolemera mawunikidwe chuma cha boma, dziko, nthawi ndi munthu mmenemo.

The chiŵerengero cha maestro kuti ndakatulo zili matenda chithunzicho ndi dziko la ubale. Woyengeka luso zambiri anatseka pa patsogolo Iron Age.

ntchito

Ndakatulo Lermontov - mneneri, kunyozedwa ndi khamu la anthu. Pa ichi iye akuganiza "Mtumiki" ntchito ndi "ndakatulo". Ichi ndi kupitiriza mutu wa ndakatulo ku dera linalake limene mawu Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zosangalatsa, m'malo ntchito mphatso lake lenileni la Mulungu, kukwaniritsa tsogolo lake. Choncho tabwera dziko lino ndi kulamulira kwa Mulungu, umene umabweretsa kwa anthu.

Lyric ayenera kuuza munthu choonadi, kuti poyera, kuwulula kukongola ndi chikondi. Lermontov maganizo, anthu kunyoza mneneri. Kumva limabwerera khamu mothandizidwa ndi ndakatulo zake. Choncho, ndakatulo kwasanduka amakopeka ndi ndakatulo ya mishoni. Monga Mesiya aliyense, anali kusungulumwa, anakanidwa ndi kumvetsedwa.

Mizu ya mkangano

Moyo ndi Ntchito ya M. Lermontov zonse zotsutsana. Iye anabadwa mu banja limene pali kusiyana zonse pafupi. Adzamenye nkhondo mayi ndi bambo, agogo. imfa ya mayi ndi kuswa ndi bambo ana aang'ono - njira ina ku nkhondowo, kumene bata ubwana analephera kupirira zenizeni kwambiri. Anawomberedwa pa chaka chatsopano mpira agogo Misha, malinga ndi agogo ake, linali zonse nkhondo mkati.

Ndipo tsopano, zaka 15 mu dziko amabadwa wosafa "Chiwanda" ndi "Spain", ndipo chaka chotsatira wotchuka "Masquerade". Zikuoneka kuti maganizo monga chikaiko chowawa, mantha, Poyembekezera Kiyama, ndi ludzu anaiwalika, anali achilendo kwa banja lonse la ndakatulo iyi.

Only kawirikawiri mu ntchito za woimba moyo phokoso la chimwemwe ndi chiyembekezo. moyo wake wolemba ndakatulo anafotokoza awiri. Izi "Kodi ntchito kwa moyo" ndiponso "Ine sanabadwe."

Sobstsvennoy kudzimva elitism chisankhidwe zimachititsa ndakatulo kwa anthu kusankha katswiri wa katswiri wa. Kukufotokozedwa mwangwiro Mihaila Yurevicha Bryusov, kuyitanira ndakatulo ndi enigmatic Mlengi. Bruce anaona luso m'maganizo a zilandiridwenso Lermontov polenga bwino, ngati "linapanga" ndakatulo.

Chithunzi Lermontov - ndi lero chinsinsi. Moyo ndi Imfa mawu - chinsinsi, koma chopereka wake mabuku Russian ndi chosaneneka.