Ndakatulo miyeso: mmene kumasulila? Mayina miyeso ndakatulo

Tisanafotokoze akonze funso mmene kudziwa kutalika kwa mizere ya ndakatulo, tisaiwale kuti ndi syllabic-zimandilimbikitsa versification dongosolo limene amafotokozera kudziwa ndi malo. Ichi ndi chinthu mobwerezabwereza, chomwe wina kuchuluka mantha ndi syllables unstressed. phazi anali kale mu Kale, koma kulibe ku maganizo ndi unstressed syllables, ndi yaitali ndi yochepa.

Makulidwe ofunitsitsa ndi chikhalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa nathyola miyendo ndime (ndime mzere). Mmodzi wa wamba zolakwa mawu - ndi tautological akuti "ndakatulo gawo la vesili." mawu Nthawi zambiri kumva ndi ophunzira ngakhale aphunzitsi, izo molondola, ngakhale sizachilendo. Kukula kwa ndime ndi analandira ndakatulo, kudwala kufunsa, "Kodi ine kudziwa kukula kwa ndime ndakatulo?" - "? Kodi kudziwa kukula kwa mzere" kulankhula molondola

disyllabic phazi

Chikhalidwe cha phazi zimadalira miyeso ndakatulo. Kodi kudziwa chikhalidwe cha mapazi, limatiuza kukuwa mavesi mbiri ngati dera mudziwe malo a syllable accented aliyense mchitidwe mobwerezabwereza wa ndakatuloyi.

oyima Dissyllabic zigwirizana syllables awiri (i.e. amafotokozera akubwerezedwa iliyonse syllables awiri).

Ngati syllable woyamba mobwerezabwereza percussive amafotokozera, ndipo chachiwiri - unstressed, kuti izo ferrets. kangapo akukwana kubwereza aliyense chorea mawu (chilimwe, kugwa), kumva phokoso la kwayala. Ferrets ndi sizachilendo ndakatulo ndi amadziwika kuti owerenga ntchito za olemba chi, komanso ntchito za upamwamba wa. ndime Trochaic ndi khalidwe kwambiri andakatulo, analankhula kwa ana:

Kamodzi mu yophukira bulu Osia

zoipa kwambiri usiku tulo.

Ndipo pamene koloko anakantha eyiti,

Bulu Osia kudzuka ... (Chebyshev A.)

Hedgehog Honya anali demure,

Hedgehog Honya palibe mofulumira.

Tsiku lina hedgehog Honya

Pakuti madzi kupita anaganiza ... (Chebyshev A.)

tsiku Bath pa cholakwika ndi.

zovuta kwambiri kuti:

M'pofunika kusamba malaya

Ndi kusamba yekha ... (Chebyshev A.)

Ngati mantha phazi ndi syllable chachiwiri, ndi pentameter. ndime Iambic si otchuka.

The mphaka anali fluffy

Ndipo ndi wosamvera kwambiri.

Iye anayamba kuyenda mofulumira kwambiri

The mphaka ndi ine.

Bwererani ku nsikidzi galu

Iye zambiri kuwavutitsa ...

Ndipo ngati inu kutenga cholembera,

Purred anagona. (A Chebyshev)

"Kumva" kuwomba pentameter, iambic kubwereza mawu zokwanira (kasupe malungo). Pentameter kawirikawiri kugwirizana ndi phokoso la Pushkin a "Evgeniya Onegina".

atatu syllable phazi

Ternary phazi anapeka ankalemekeza a syllables atatu, mmodzi amene - woyamba, wachiwiri kapena wachitatu - mantha.

Ngati impactor syllable choyamba, iwo akutchedwa dactyl. "Kumva" dactyl, kubwereza mawu dactylic yokwanira (mosangalala, mwachisoni). Dactyl sizachilendo ndakatulo Russian, koma n'zotheka kukumana kamodzikamodzi ndipo iambic chorea.

Atatu ndi anayi, ndipo awiri Mvuu

Tinakumana awiri ndi anayi njovu.

Kenako - ndi - anali dambo,

Awiri - ndi mtsinje.

Ndi mitengo Ya kanjedza - wina.

Zitatu ndi mvuu anati:

"Moni, awiri ndi anayi njovu."

Ndipo wotsalawo adachititsidwa atagona pansi pa mtengo wa kanjedza.

Panali ambiri,

A kanjedza - wina. (A Chebyshev)

Ngati anatsindika syllable - chachiwiri, kuti izo amphibrach. Pambuyo kubwereza amphibrachic mawu (mbadwa, galu, chikhalidwe) N'zosavuta kukhala wapadera kumveka amphibrach. dzina Amphibrachic wa wongopeka Pupusika kumatanthauza phokoso azithunzithunzi mkombero wa ndakatulo Andrei Chebyshev "pupusik Economic ndi atatu otukukira kunja nusik":

... Pamene pupusik Vodichev maluwa,

nusiki A anayeza madzi mu mphika,

Ife onetsetsani kuti si skhimichil

Ndipo aliyense mphika mobwereza bwereza Vodice ...

... Pamene pupusik zoumba nkhomaliro

Ndipo kumbukirani kuti ochepa mchere kapena ayi.

A syamknuli nusiki: "Musachite trumbambol!

Back mu Buba akale zachuhlilas mchere ... "

... Pamene pupusik kuzyunilsya ndi mnzake,

Mwadzidzidzi mokweza nusiki vzvyaknuli mantha:

"Pupusik! Pupusik! Iye si bwenzi!

Taonani momwe iye ankhanza maso pozungulira!

Anadya atatu konfyushki ndi blyambochek asanu.

nusiki A usiku kudzakhala? .. "

Zikatero, ngati mantha ndi syllable wachitatu wa nkhani zitatu zokhudza anapaest. Kumva anapaest kungakhale kangapo kubwereza aliyense anapestovoe mawu (mzinda, zinayi).

... ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale Sunday.

Ndipo inu simungakhoze kumachita lero,

Chifukwa pamene kuuka

Ife sitikusowa kuti molawirira.

Mayi, bambo osati ndi alamu,

Monga izo ziriri lero, kulumbira m'mawa ...

Ndipo koma ndili mu furiji

chokoma mazira nsomba.

Ndipo dzulo, mu chiwukitsiro cha masika -

Pali akadali anagulitsa njovu -

Pamodzi ndi mayi ndi bambo anayenda ife mabanja

Ndipo iwo anali ... Serezhka Panov (A. Chebyshev)

Awa ndi zisanu ambiri, powerenga amasiya. Zapamwamba Russian mu iwo ntchito makamaka, ndipo iwo kudziwa wotchuka ndi otchuka miyeso ndakatulo. Kodi kudziwa kukula kwambiri, osati mtundu wa phazi, adzakhululukidwa pansipa.

Quadrisyllabic phazi (peons)

Russian ndakatulo komanso amadziwa zinayi syllable phazi, iwo amatchedwa peons. Ngati syllable choyamba, chimulu amatchedwa peony Ine, ngati wachiwiri, ndiye moyenera, peony II, ndi zina zotero. Peons mosavuta kusokonezedwa ndi pentameter iambic, kapena Komabe, ngati inu mvetserani, mawu awo osiyana. Monga mbali ya maphunziro kusukulu makamaka akulankhula za mapazi tingachipeze powerenga - dvuslozhnikah ndi trehslozhnikah.

Pentasyllabic phazi (peptones)

Komanso nkutheka pentasyllabic phazi kapena pyatidolniki kapena peptones. oyima amenewa amapezeka mu wowerengeka ndakatulo Russian, kapena stylization ake. The pyatislozhniki Ambiri anagula lachitatu anatsindika syllable: "Kodi mayi, mu dziko lapansi yonyowa pokonza ..." phokoso la peptone III kwenikweni mmene kwambiri ndi zosaiŵalika, bwino kwa anthu ambiri epics Russian.

Chiwerengero cha amasiya vesi

Lekani miyeso ndakatulo atsimikiziridwa. Kodi kudziwa mtundu wa phazi, tafotokozazi Komabe, kuti muone kukula kwa ndakatuloyi kwalembedwa, chidziwitso cha mtundu wa phazi sikokwanira. Lekani - izi ndi unit kuyeza kukula. The kanthu chachiwiri chimene chili chofunika kuti - kuwerengera mapazi angati a mitundu, mzere wa vesi (ndime).

mayina olondola miyeso ndakatulo kotero kumveka ngati izi: "ferrets trisyllabic" (chiwerengero cha mapazi trochaic mu mzere - atatu), "pentasyllabic pentameter" (chiwerengero cha mapazi iambic pa mzere - zisanu), "disyllabic anapaest" (nambala anapestovyh asiye mu mzere - .. awiri), etc. kulakwitsa chabwino ndi ana ambiri ndipo ophunzira kuyankha funso: "Kodi kukula" - dzina ndinangokhala ngati mabasi. Kulakwa kunena "ichi ndakatulo kukula - dactyl" zolondola kuti: ". The kukula kwa ndakatulo imeneyi - trehstopny (.. Dvustopny etc.) dactyl"

Quantification amasiya vesi

Choncho, chiwerengero ndi chikhalidwe cha siteji zimadalira miyeso ndakatulo. Kodi kudziwa chiwerengero cha mapazi? Izo zimatengera chiwerengero cha ng'oma (dera) kumvera pa kulankhula. Tiyeni kufotokoza izi ndi chitsanzo chorea ndi amphibrach.

Ngati ine kuvala chipewa,

Ine kukhala pafupifupi ngati bambo a.

Chabwino, bambo, komanso popanda chipewa

Mulimonsemo, monga bambo a.

Mu ndakatulo imeneyi Andrew Chebyshev "ovomereza ababa chipewa" kusamvana limanenedwa ngati ferrets quadrisyllabic, vesi mzere (v) limapangidwa anayi trochaic phazi.

Kavalo akuthamanga kudutsa m'munda, akuthamanga,

Ine galloped kudutsa m'munda ndipo anali atatopa kwambiri.

Ndi m'munda anali ndi kukanikiza pakati udzu.

Ndipo ine analumphira mmbuyo, galloped, galloped.

Ndipo mu mtsinje kusamba, ndi kuimba manyenje,

Ndipo kachiwiri pa munda galloped, galloped.

Ngakhale mphepo kapena mbalame kuti sanali andipeze.

Palibe amene akudziwa mmene kudya gallop.

Mu ndakatulo imeneyi ndi wolemba chomwecho, nayenso, chiwerengero cha kusiya mapazi anayi, koma mosiyana chitsanzo yapita, sichoncho chorea ndi amphibrachic, kotero kukula kwa izi ndakatulo - amphibrach chetyrehstopnym.