Mtsikanayu - wachinyengo

Mawu "wachinyengo" - uyu anabwera kwa ife kuchokera chinenero Turkey remade mawu «chadzy» (Haji). Mutu wa "Khoja" analemekeza munthu amene wapanga wopita ku Mecca ndi Medina - mzinda woyera kwa Asilamu onse. Nditangofika kuchokera ku ulendo wautali, anachita zolinga za kupembedza, alendowo anali ndi ufulu kuvala woyera nduwira - chizindikiro kuti iye anapita woyera Al-kaaba mwala. Popeza anthu otere konsekonse wolemekezeka dziko la chisilamu, angati akanafuna kuti alembetse Hajji osati kuti apeze kwa Land Woyera, koma ulemu, lomwe iwo Adzalangidwa amapatsa kubwerera muno.

Mu Russian, mawu akuti "wachinyengo" poyamba anali kufunika negative. Popeza Turkey otchedwa anthu wapezeka wopembedza kwambiri, kwambiri moralizatorstvovat, ife kuphunzitsidwa mmene moyo, koma likusonyeza kuti kutali kwambiri kuchotsedwa mfundo za ankati chipembedzo. Atetezi makhalidwe ndi zinachitika kuti libertines ndi ogona amene amayankhula mu kalembedwe rigor kwambiri ndi Puritanism ankakhala amadyerera ndi kusadziletsa.

Koma Turkey si koyamba kupeza kuti kupembedza ndi zachinyengo. Mu Uthenga Wabwino, pali maumboni ambiri amene "kunamizira kupemphera kwa nthawi yaitali" kuona anthu, ndi amene 'amayang'ana m'diso mnzake ndichotse kachitsotso, ndipo diso lake la amaona ndipo zipika. " Anthu "onyenga" Iisus Hristos amatchedwa "Afarisi" ndipo anati: "Tsoka kwa inu" Chifukwa iwo muyeretsa kunja kwace, koma adzala m'katimo ndi cha dumbo, ndi kuipa. Koma "Mfarisi" - tanthauzo wakale wa mawu wachinyengo, komanso poyamba sanali n'chimodzimodzi ndi chinyengo. Iwo anali gulu la makamaka wopembedza, podziwa Torah ndi Talmud, a rabbi, "alembi". Iwo adaphunzitsa m'masunagoge mwawo, komanso Alevi.

Mu English wachinyengo - ndi bigot, ndi German - Scheinheiligkeit. Monga mukuonera, chirichonse kuchokera Turkey Hodja kapena ulaliki Mfarisi. Komabe, mu Chijeremani unkagwiritsidwa umboni wa chinyengo m'zipembedzo, chiyero onyenga. Mu Russia kwa nthawi yaitali mu kufanana ndi "wachinyengo" kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "pustosvyatstvo", koma pambuyo pake chachikale chinkawavuta, ndipo ife tikudziwa bwanji: chinyengo wapita kupitirira ndege ya chipembedzo ndipo anasamukira m'dera wokhulupirika, ndi ulemu, mawu amodzi mu dera la makhalidwe a dzikoli.

Tikaona ntchito zolembalemba, pamene pali chinyengo zilembo ( "Tartuffe" ndi Moliere, "Moyo" Maupassant, "Hanzhushka" Kuprin, "Mvula ya Mkuntho" Ostrovsky komanso ntchito ya Age Chatsopano, tikuona kuti wachinyengo - uyu ndi munthu ndithu yakale, ponena kuti mtetezi wa choyeretsetsa cha Oyeretsa makhalidwe ndi muyezo wa makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe.

N'zochititsa chidwi kumadzulo ndi mwambo American mawu bigot ndi inextricably kugwirizana ndi tsankho ndiponso kukana ukwati geyi. Choncho mu "anthu zolondola ndale 'kusandulika mawu akuti" wachinyengo ": uyu ndi munthu amene thovu ndi kudzatsimikizira kuti iye si kusankhana mitundu ndipo amalemekeza ufulu wa gays ndi malezibiyani, pamene iye m'malo kupha mwana wake kuposa amalola kukwatira wakuda kapena kukwatira mtsikana. anthu a ku America amadziwa rigorists ambiri amene amaphunzitsa mawu a "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Tom Sawyer" akusowekapo kunja kufufuza akutchula mawu akuti "Negro" ndi aletse kusewera "The Malonda a Venice" ndi Shakespeare, chifukwa kumeneko kumachitika mawu pachithunzichi ndale "Myuda," ndipo kwenikweni za wakuda ndi Ayuda ndi kunyozana ndi kukanidwa.