Mtedza - nati kapena nyemba? Ka kukula mtedza?

Mtedza wamkulu ndi mbadwa za Chimereka kale anatulukira ndi Columbus H .. Ku Ulaya anabweretsedwa ndi conquistadors Spanish, kenako zinatchuka chachikulu. otchedwa "mtedza" akhala gawo la moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kodi zimenezi? nati kapena nyemba - mtedza ndi chiyani? Tiyeni kumvetsa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuphunzira mmene kukula pa munda wawo, chifukwa kwenikweni.

Kodi chiponde?

Pansi pa dzina ophatikizana mtundu wa zomera leguminous chikukhudza pa pafupifupi mitundu pafupifupi 70. Chiyambi cha mawu akuti "mtedza" mwina ali Greek mizu, njira anawamasulira kuti "kangaude" ndipo amagwirizana ndi chitsanzo gululi pa zipatso. Rhode zomera a banja legume kapena Gulugufe, ndipo zipatso zawo nawonso, amadziwika monga nyemba kapena ngolo. Iye unilocular mbewu mu izo anakonza mu mzere. Ndicho kuyankha zonse kwa funso la mtedza - nati kapena nyemba nyemba. Ndi motsimikizika nyemba. Pa nthawi, kunja kwa America South amadziwika mitundu imodzi yokha - ndi chiponde. Zomera mwachangu amalimidwa padziko lonse, mu America, Asia ndi ku Ulaya. Zolemba malire zokolola zimatheka ku Israel.

Chiponde (groundnut): Kufotokozera

Ndi chomera pachaka kutalika kwa masentimita 25 70. The mizu ndi yofunika kwambiri kapangidwe ndi nthambi zokwanira. Mapulaniwo chiponde-kumbali 4-5, pubescent kapena wamaliseche. nthambi ofananira malinga zosiyanasiyana mwina woongoka (yachigawo mawonekedwe) kapena zokwawa. Location masamba a wina, amayesetsa osiyana -. Masentimita 3 10 Iwo paripinnate, konsekonse, elongated nalongosola. Stipules zinaphatikizidwa ndi petiole lapansi. Maluwa pa chiponde akhoza kukhala wachikasu-ofiira kapena oyera, anasonkhana lalifupi inflorescence mtundu burashi.

Chifukwa mtedza amatchedwa mtedza?

Pa mfundo yakuti amenewa mtedza - nati kapena nyemba nyemba, yankho ataperekedwa kale. Koma funso ndi mmene iwo ali m'dziko, ngati ndi kuchoka. Mtedza - chomera zodabwitsa, ndipo mfundo imeneyi ndi umboni. Maluwa kumatenga nthawi zonse zokhudza tsiku. Kamodzi umuna kumachitika, ndondomeko akuyamba ginofora kukula (outgrowth wa cholandirira cha). Iye pang'onopang'ono lengthened ndi kamakumba una n'kuwasanganiza mu nthaka, kumene ikuchitika kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha nyemba ndi kusasitsa zake. Maluwa zomera ndi chimodzimodzi ndithu yaitali, kumayambira June zimatha mpaka m'dzinja. mbewu imodzi zingabweretse kwa nyemba 40.

Kodi n'zotheka kukula mtedza pa malo anu?

Funso mmene kukula mtedza, auka kwa truckers ndi alimi kawirikawiri kwambiri, chifukwa aliyense amafuna kukhala m'dera lawo kumvetsa, sizikutanthauza zosowa. Nandolo mukudziwa, chikondi ndi kukula ambiri. Kotero ndicho mtedza - zake wachibale wake wapafupi, iye si yeni iye, komanso njira zaulimi ndi mophweka basi. Lamulo chachikulu ndi chilimwe otentha. Chiponde thermophilic kwambiri, ndipo ngati kutentha kugwa m'munsimu 15, ndiye kukula pafupifupi mabasi. Chigamulo kaya iye akhale zoyenera kuganizira chinthu ichi. Ngati dontho yochepa kutentha, makama akhoza kutseka kwathunthu ndi chuma chapadera kapena filimu. Mtedza kukula mu zinthu za m'madera kum'mwera n'zosavuta ndi losavuta mu kanjira pakati n'zothekanso, koma ukafunidwe kuti apereke malo okhala osakhalitsa, mu Urals ndi Siberia mu nthaka lotseguka zovutirapo pang'ono, koma ngati dzinja lili otentha kwambiri, iyo siingakhoze kungakupatseni.

Nthawi zina mtedza mwakula mu kunyumba, amenenso zovomerezeka ndithu. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti inu simukhala ndi zokolola chachikulu. Mbewu lingathe kukopedwa pa sitolo zapaderazi kapena mtedza wokhazikika pa msika, koma izo ziyenera kukhala mu mthunzi. Sankhani mphika si lakuya kwambiri, koma lonse. nthaka yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito kugula, musaiwale patsinde pa poto kutsanulira wosanjikiza ngalande.

The dothi mtedza

Mamembala a Mtedza mtundu - nyemba, ndipo iwo onse kuwala chikondi, chonde ndi bwino chatsanulidwa nthaka. nthaka sayenera patsogolo madzi. Place mtedza kusankha dzuwa, izo si kukula mu mthunzi, dzuwa okonda zomera kwambiri.

Kudzala Mtedza ngati n'kotheka, pamene nthaka umafunda kwa osachepera 15 ° (osati kale kuposa theka lachiwiri la May). Pabedi kupanga okonzeka dzenje akuya 10 cm, kuziika m'njira movutikira m'chigawo cha 30-50 cm., Pomwepo, ayenera kukhala malo ndithu pakati pa mizere ya (25-30 cm) kotero zomera ndi kufalikira ndi dongosolo amphamvu mizu.

yokonza mbewu

Mbewu pamaso kubzala akhoza akhathamiritsa kwa maola 12-24 isanafike pipping. Pamaso kubzala, madzi una, anaika mu izo mtedza awiri kapena atatu ndi kuwaza pansi. Mbande kuoneka mwachilungamo msanga, ndipo iwo kukula mofulumira kwambiri. Kumadera kumene kasupe kapena yaitali ozizira, nawonso anaika chiponde mtedza. Kukula njira zotheka mmera. Mtedza komanso ayenera ankawaviika m'madzi n'kukaziika kuti akuya pafupifupi 5 masentimita miphika yaing'ono (8-10 masentimita wamtali). Zimenezi ziyenera pafupifupi pachiyambi kapena pakati pa April.

Kuthilira ndi kudyetsa fetereza

Mtedza ali tcheru kwambiri chinyezi owonjezera mu nthaka ndi mpweya, iye samazikonda izo. Choncho, mawu a kuthirira osavuta. Wokwanira mopepuka moisten nthaka kamodzi pa sabata, ngati kunali mvula, simuyenera kuchita zimenezi. zomera wamkulu madzi okha nkhani ya youma yotentha kwambiri, ndiyeno kokha mpaka nthawi monga mazira ndi burrow mu nthaka.

Mtedza Yankho bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mchere. Ndi bwino kuwonjezera iwo pansi mu ndondomeko kukumba mabedi ndi zipangizo. Ntchito yokonzekera zovuta.

Kusamalira mtedza

Kudziwa mmene kukula mtedza pa dzinja wake kanyumba, mukhoza nthawi zonse mbewu ka mtedza thanzi. Culture ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri ndi yosavuta ulimi. Chisamaliro kwa maluwa ndi zipatso mapangidwe lagona makamaka yake Kupalira bedi la namsongole ndi tithe kumvetsa kumasulira nthaka.

Chinthu chapadera cha chiponde kuti maluwa ake limamasula m'mawa ndi mphamvu ndi madzulo, pa nthawi imene iye mungu, yekha pansi chikhalidwe ichi chipatso aumbike. Pamene thumba losunga mazira pang'onopang'ono kupita pansi ndi kuyika mu nthaka, mungathe kugwira hilling choyamba. Kodi zimenezi, aliyense amadziwa munthu mu dera kukula mbatata. Ndondomeko mobwerezabwereza kangapo pa nyengo akamavutika.

mbewu chiponde, komanso mphukira yake achinyamata sizivuta kuti mbalame ndipo akulimbikitsidwa nthawi yoyamba kapena zomera chivundikiro zoteteza gululi, kapena mu choopsezera mbalame m'munda kuopsyezera.

kukolola

The chakuti nthawi yokolola zipatso za mtedza, mudzakhala analidziwitsa chikasu ndi kupukuta masamba ndi mitengo ya mbewuzo. Childs, izi zimachitika mu kugwa, m'ma September. Chitsamba tiyenera kukumba mosamala kwambiri, ndi bwino ntchito mafoloko a. Kayamba wosiyana phesi Sikuti. Zomera mokoma sansani pansi ndi zouma kwathunthu. Ayenera anapachika kapena kufalitsa pa pamwamba youma malo bwino mpweya wokwanira kuti si chipinda achinyezi. Patatha masiku khumi, mukhoza bwinobwino nadzawasankhula mtedza mu chigoba cha mbewu youma. Zipatso ndikufunika nthawi ziume. Chipolopolo ayenera potsiriza youma ndi kukhala wochepa thupi ndi wosalimba. Ndiye mukhoza kuchotsa mtedza. M'mikhalidwe yabwino ya chilengedwe zolondola ulimi ndi chiponde chitsamba akhoza kusonkhanitsa kwa 500 ga zipatso.

Popeza analandira yankho ku funso la mtedza - nati kapena nyemba nyemba, akhoza bwinobwino anatengedwa kulima ake. Kulima zida khama wophweka kwambiri ndiponso mmene nthawi zotsatira. Koma kodi ndi chimwemwe cha mbewu yake wamkulu.