Mphamvu osefukira

Ngati mumakhulupiriradi asayansi 'Zoneneratu, amene sanali zongowonjezwdwa mphamvu Adzalefuka pa zaka akubwera, kufufuza madera ena a mphamvu mufunika uyamba tsopano. Ngati anapezazo ndi zoona, ndiye mafuta tikhutira zaka 45-50, mpweya - zaka 70-80, ureniamu - 100, malasha, mwina zaka 400. Njira mitundu mphamvu zidzafunika kwa anthu kutukuka ngati mpweya. Koma anapatsidwa zoopsa kuipitsa kupanga zinyalala za dziko lapansi lonse, amafunika kupereka mmalo "woyera" mphamvu: cheza dzuwa, mphamvu mphepo, geothermal mphamvu, mphamvu ya mafunde madzi, mafunde, mafunde, anamwazikana kutentha madzi ndi mpweya. zinthu zimenezi - zongowonjezwdwa ndipo sanali kuipitsa.

Mwa njira, lingathe chuma zinthu zimenezi kawiri ulimi wa pachaka wa onse mafuta alipo malasha lero. Ukamanga mphepo ndi mphamvu osefukira, kuphunzira kusonkhanitsa mphamvu, amene amatipatsa dzuwa, n'zotheka kukwaniritsa zofunika pa mowa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.

mphamvu osefukira zikhoza kusinthidwa mu magetsi mphamvu ya mafunde. The yoyamba magetsi amazipeza Russia mu Kamchatka (Pauzhetskaya). angachithe - 5 MW.

Kumangira mphamvu chofunika dziwe (damming mtsinje kapena damu Bay). The damu ayenera kuikidwa culverts mabowo turbines hayidiroliki, onsewo jenereta.

Chopangira mphamvu makina tsamba ndi zimayenda ndi nthenda ya madzi (madzi). Turbines kungakhale svobodnostruynymi (yogwira) ndi naporostruynymi (zotakasika); ndi mamangidwe - yopingasa ndi choimirira. Mphamvu zimasiyana makumi mazana megawatts.

Kodi mphamvu osefukira? Mkubwela kwa madzi mkulu mafunde amalowa dziwe. Pamene akuyerekeza madzi mu dziwe ndi m'nyanja pali chatsekedwa bawuti mabowo culvert. Mafunde ndi moyenera, pali kuchepa madzi m'nyanja. Atangomva kuthamanga madzi adzakhala okwanira, ndi turbines zikuphatikizapo magudumu, mpaka kugwa kwa madzi a thamanda.

Mwanzeru zotheka kumanga osefukira mphamvu siteshoni kumene osefukira oscillations mamita anayi kapena kuposerapo. Kulengedwa mphamvu zomera osefukira mphamvu zimadalira mafunde a anthu a m'madera mphamvu yomanga pa voliyumu ndi dera maiwe osefukira, chiwerengero cha turbines anaika.

Osefukira mphamvu bidirectional ntchito, monga dzina lake, kuvomera madzi m'nyanja ndi kumbuyo. M'mawu ena, angathe yopangira magetsi kwa maola 4 5, kenako mukubwera pang'ono (ola limodzi kapena awiri), ndi amagetsi kubwerera ku ntchito. Chopangira mphamvu opaleshoni nthawi akhoza chinawonjezeka ndi kukulitsa mogwirizana osefukira mphamvu (mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha mabeseni). Komabe, kukhazikitsa ntchito imeneyi udzathera mu yaikulu.

Ndi zinthu zonse zabwino mwa zomera mphamvu nawobe ndi kuipa. Choyamba, iwo akhoza kumangidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo nyanja. Chachiwiri, ntchito intermittently. Chachitatu, musalole kukhala mphamvu yapamwamba. Ndipo potsiriza, si kwathunthu zachilengedwe otetezedwa, kuyambira kusokoneza kucheza wamba madzi ndi mchere, potero okhudza zinyama.

Chimodzi mwa ndalama ndi wochezeka zomera mphamvu lero mphepo mphamvu, kapena mphepo. Chifukwa ntchito yake muyenera mphepo. Kale mitundu ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana ndipo, chotero, ndi mitengo osiyana (kuchokera $ 900 mpaka 23 500 USD). Mmodzi Kumkwanira kupereka magetsi ku nyumba payekha, winayo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale lalikulu malonda ndi zogona, zomera, malo zosangalatsa, mkulu-nyamuka m'mahotela.