Mphalapala mu Titafika pamalo a: mitundu kufotokoza

Mwina ambiri angavomereze nafe kuti ali nyama wokongola kwambiri kuti amakhala North. The expanses lalikulu la Titafika pamalo, nayonso mu dziko lathu, komanso miyoyo kumpoto American wamkuluyu wokongola - mphalapala.

maonekedwe

Izi ndi nyama zazikulu ndi thupi lamphamvu ndi mapazi angapo waufupi kwambiri. Ngakhale izi, izo zikuwoneka achisomo kwambiri, makamaka pamene akuthamanga. Yapadera kukongola nyama zimenezi amapereka nyanga mwanaalirenji kuti ndi anthu a amuna ndi akazi.

Ndi lenileni mfuti nswala - iwo kuthandiza kubweza nkhandwe, komanso ndi wina ndi amuna ena si mantha kuyeza okha.

ubweya

Popeza nyama ili kumpoto, mbawala yamphongo ali chijasi kwambiri. Mtundu wake wotumbululuka imvi, pafupifupi woyera. Mkati tsitsi dzenje. Lili mpweya, kupanga nyama amasambira bwino. Komanso, chivundikiro izi mapeyala amateteza kuzizira. Ndi isanayambike chisanu mu undercoat pamaoneka wofatsa, zofewa pansi, kenako mbawala yamphongo samuopa chisanu kwambiri aukali.

Molt kamodzi pachaka, koma motalika kokwanira. Old undercoat iyamba kugwera mu March, watsopano limapezeka May. ndondomeko makamaka tima zikuchitika pa mapeto a June ndi July zonse. Mpaka September akhoza kukhala zidutswa za malaya akale.

Wandiweyani lonse ziboda kulola nswala kusuntha m'kati kwambiri chisanu. iwo kosayembekezeka, anapeza ziboda zake, kupeza chakudya. Animal akudutsa mosavuta ngakhale zithaphwi.

amalidyetsa Kodi mphalapala?

Pa nkhani imeneyi, anthu ambiri angakuuzeni kuti akudya mphalapala Moss. Izi si zolondola kwathunthu. Maziko a mphamvu yake ya Moss, amene analakwitsa otchedwa mphalapala Moss. Osatha olimba okongola pamwamba wosanjikiza dothi Titafika pamalo a. Deer akuona fungo lake pansi pa mita theka la chisanu. Komabe, ndere ichi chimakula pang'onopang'ono (za 5 mm pachaka), kotero nswala ng'ombe ndi kuyendayenda mwa nayonso pofunafuna msipu watsopano.

Moss ndi thanzi kwambiri, mankhwala achilengedwe m'gulu kapangidwe kake. Kupitiriza kukambirana zomwe amadyetsa mphalapala, tiyenera kuona kuti Moss Kuwonjezera kudyetsa nyama. Chilimwe nswala mokondwera regale zipatso, masamba, bowa, masamba a zitsamba ndi mitengo. Osati ambiri kudziwa kuti mphalapala, zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuwona kuchokera mu nkhani iyi, zina, akhoza kuchita monga mdani, kumadya nyama zina zazing'ono, monga lemmings.

Mphalapala zambiri zimadya odyetserapo ziweto, koma iwo anawonjezera kuti ufa monga chimanga, udzu, silage.

moyo mphalapala

Mmodzi ndi mmodzi, nyama zimenezi kulibe. Mphalapala mu Titafika pamalo moyo m'chigulu angapo kuchokera imodzi makumi zingapo za anthu. moyo umenewu chifukwa chakuti pa kusamuka nyama mu ng'ombe mosavuta kudziteteza kwa adani. Moyo mphalapala kugwirizana ndi kusamuka mpaka kalekale. Mwachitsanzo, mu mochedwa yophukira ziweto omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala Titafika pamalo, iwo kulowera kum'mwera, ndipo nayonso - m'nyengo yozizira m'madera amenewa kosavuta kupeza chakudya. Izi nyama zamphamvu kukafunafuna chakudya Angakugonjetseni mtunda wa pa 1000 Km.

adani nswala

Nthawi zonse mphalapala anali kumuyesa nyama zolusa zosiyanasiyana. Kuopsa chachikulu iwo ali mimbulu ndi wolverines. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo - pa kusamuka gwape. Nthawi imeneyi, okalamba ndi ofooka anthu kumbuyo ng'ombe. Umene uli pa iwo ndipo wolverines ndi mimbulu kuukira.

Sitingathe kunena kuti anthu komanso ali adani a nswala kuthengo. Mtengo wa munthu ndi nyama, zikopa ndi nyanga za nyama. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, anthu a mitundu mphalapala bwino anasunga. M'madera amene nyama kutetezedwa, iwo sali owopa wa munthu, kaŵirikaŵiri mbali msewu.

Lero, ndi kumpoto kwa Ulaya pali pafupifupi 600 zikwi nswala, ndi m'madera kumalo ozizira dziko lathu - za 800 zikwi. Mphalapala zambiri - pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu toyesa.

kubalana

M'dzinja amabwera mu nyengo nkhosa mating, amene amalembedwa ndi pafupipafupi ndi nkhondo chiwawa amuna. Mphalapala mitala. Mu "harem" ndi mmodzi wamphongo ndi akazi 15. Nthawi mimba - masiku 246. ng'ombe Newborn timabadwa May ndi June. Kawirikawiri ng'ombe munthu sabadwa, ndi zambiri osowa - awiri. Kulemera pafupifupi gwape ndi 6.5 makilogalamu. Patapita milungu iwiri, mwana amayamba kukula nyanga. Awiri ndipo nthawi zina atatu zaka mayi nswala kuyenda.

Kale mu chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, amayesetsa msinkhu. Wapakati moyo wa nyama - zaka 20.

Mu December, pambuyo zikufuna, amuna anakhetsa antlers awo. Akazi musatisiye ndi iwo.

mitundu mphalapala

Pali mitundu iwiri ya nyama. Woyamba gulu - North America. Amakhala subspecies angapo. Alaska, Greenland, Canada - m'gawo anthu a mphalapala a mitundu. M'dziko iwo amatchedwa caribou.

Gulu lachiwiri tichipeza subspecies a ku Europe ndi ku Asia - nkhalango, Chifinishi, Arctic mphalapala, Novaya Zemlya.

kuŵetedwa mphalapala

gulu la nyama akuyenera kukambirana osiyana. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana - Ngakhale, Nenets, Evenk.

Nenets zimasokoneza - zotsatira za zaka za ntchito kuswana. Mwina mukufuna kumene mphalapala mtundu miyoyo? Ziweto zili ponseponse mu Urals. Zimaswana kusiyana ndi aafupi, koma nyama kupirira zosaneneka. Mtundu makamaka bulauni. nswala zimenezi zimagwira ntchito sled. Amuna pafupifupi kulemera 140 makilogalamu, akazi - makilogalamu 100.

Evenki mphalapala pa Titafika pamalo kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito katundu. Nthawi zambiri nyama zoyendera.

The Ngakhale nswala - otsika, choncho zochepa Hardy. Kawirikawiri, iwo ayipanga kutulutsa mkaka ndi nyama.

Kodi mphalapala

Posachedwapa, moyo wa anthu ambiri ankadalira nyama zimenezi, monga mphalapala ndi. Mu Titafika pamalo za moyo wa munthu sizikanatheka popanda zoterezi wothandizira. Wildlife Anthu a North kusakasaka nyama mu njira iyi. Koma zambiri ayipanga mphalapala. Anthu kumpoto nyama zimenezi ndi chilengedwe. Mu chakudya ntchito nyama wake, ziwalo. Akazi mphalapala kupereka mkaka chopatsa thanzi. Zikuvutitsa ndi zikopa yaranga pachikuto cha nyama. Chikopa nsapato ndi kusoka pamwamba zovala yozizira.

Kuyambira zikopa za gwape, ndipo amatchedwa gwape, kusoka maovololo ndi masuti kwa northerners achinyamata ndi zipewa akuluakulu.

Kuyambira tating'ono ting'ono wa nkhosa opangidwa alendo, zokongoletsa.

Koma N'zoonekeratu, nswala antler (zambiri amatchedwa Pant) ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Anachita zosiyanasiyana katundu wa m'nyumba. Koma phindu lalikulu lagona pa katundu machiritso. Kwa zaka zoposa 3,000 madokotala Oriental ntchito Tingafinye wa antlers kuchitira anthu.

Si kale, akatswiri a masiku ano chidwi funso chifukwa nswala yekha akhoza bwererani lipenga, ndipo mu malo awo atsopano. Atafufuza, anaona - mu antlers anapeza jini amachititsa kusinthika kwa maselo fupa. Choncho wachotsa kwa iwo kapena ufa zitsulo ntchito zochizira matenda aakulu a mafupa ndi mafupa. Komanso, kukonzekera zochokera antlers - wamphamvu immunostimulatory wothandizira. Iwo amaikidwa ndi mkulu nkhawa thupi ndi m'maganizo.

Kale monga cartage ntchito mphalapala. Mu Titafika pamalo a, itagwiritsidwa kuti sled, iye mosavuta ankanyamula khamu pa malo pomwe pa msewu. Lero, ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso, kufunika wasoŵa. Koma tsopano, mphalapala, amene zithunzi zambiri kukometsera malonda njira kumpoto m'madera nawo pa zikondwerero, atakwera alendo.

Mu kumpoto kwa dziko lathu, ku mavuto nyengo anthu kuti anatha kulenga ulimi zachilendo nyama. Anthu amasamala mbawala yamphongo ndi kuteteza ku nyama zolusa m'nyengo yozizira, ndi tizilombo m'chilimwe. Izo ziyenera kuti ntchito umalimbana izi, si nthawi zonse zothandiza.

Ngakhale ubwino onse a chitukuko, ndi lero, ndi wachiŵiri pamwamba pa anthu ena - mphalapala. Titafika pamalo ndi zovuta kukhala wopanda nyama zimenezi okongola ndi amphamvu.