Mmene mungafananirane ndi mfundo: ndondomeko ya sitepe ndi sitepe. Kodi ndi makhalidwe ati omwe tingawayerekezere: zitsanzo

Kuyambira m'masiku oyambirira anthu anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi funso la momwe kulili kosavuta kulinganitsira malingaliro omwe amawoneka mosiyana. Ndipo si nkhani chabe ya chidziwitso chachibadwidwe. Mwamuna wa zinyumba zakale kwambiri zapadziko lapansi adapereka nkhaniyi movutikira kuti izi zikhale zofunikira zenizeni. Gwiritsani ntchito moyenera malowo, muone kulemera kwake kwa malonda pamsika, kuwerengera chiwerengero choyenera cha katundu podula, pangani mlingo woyenera wa mphesa kuti mutenge vinyo - ndicho gawo laling'ono la ntchito zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mu moyo wovuta wa makolo athu. Chifukwa chake, anthu osaphunzira ndi osaphunzira, ngati kuli koyenera, amafanizitsa mfundo zomwe zimatsatira malangizo kwa makampani awo odziwa zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri ankatenga ziphuphu zoyenera pa ntchitoyi, komanso zabwino kwambiri.

Kodi mungafanane ndi chiyani?

Masiku ano, ntchitoyi imathandizanso kwambiri pophunzira sayansi yeniyeni. Aliyense, ndithudi, amadziwa kuti nkofunikira kuyerekeza yunifolomu kuchuluka, ndiko kuti, maapulo - okhala ndi maapulo, ndi beets - ndi beets. Palibe amene angaganize za madigiri a Celsius mu makilomita kapena kilogalamu mu decibels, koma tikudziwa kutalika kwa boa constrictor mu mapuloti kuyambira ubwana (kwa omwe sakumbukira: mu boa imodzi, pali mapuloti 38). Ngakhale mapuloteniwo ndi osiyana, ndipo ndithudi kutalika kwa boa constrictor kumasiyana malinga ndi subspecies ya parishi, koma izi ndizomwe tifuna kuyesa kuziwona.

Miyeso

Ntchitoyo itati: "Yerekezerani zomwe zimayendera", ziwerengero zomwezo ziyenera kubweretsedwa ku chipembedzo chomwecho, ndiko kuti, kufotokozera zomwezo kuti zikhale zosayerekezera. N'zachidziwikire kuti poyerekeza mtengo womwe unayikidwa mu kilogalamu, ndi mtengo womwe umayikidwa pamagulu kapena matani, ambiri a ife sitingakhale ovuta. Komabe, pali yunifolomu yambiri, yomwe imatha kufotokozedwa mu miyeso yosiyana, komanso, mu machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Yesani, mwachitsanzo, kuyerekezera nyamayimidwe ya kinematic viscosity ndikuzindikiritseni kuti ndi zotani zamadzimadzi zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri mu centistokes ndi mamita lalikulu pamphindi. Izo sizigwira ntchito? Ndipo izo sizigwira ntchito. Kuti tichite izi, zikhalidwe zonse ziwiri ziyenera kuwonetsedwa muzomwezo, ndipo ndi chiwerengero cha chiwerengero, dziwani kuti ndi yani yomwe imaposa mdaniyo.

Mchitidwe woyeza

Pofuna kumvetsetsa zomwe zingakufanizidwe, tiyeni tiyesetse kukumbukira machitidwe omwe alipo kale. Pofuna kukonza ndi kufulumira kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka 1875, mayiko sevente (kuphatikizapo Russia, United States, Germany, etc.) adasaina msonkhano wachigawo ndikufotokozera kayendedwe ka miyala. Kuti pakhale chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsa miyezo ya mita ndi kilogalamu, International Komiti ya Zolemera ndi Miyeso inakhazikitsidwa, ndipo ku Paris, International Bureau of Zolemera ndi Miyeso ali nazo. Ndondomekoyi idasinthika ku International System of Units, SI. Pakalipano, dongosolo lino laperekedwa ndi mayiko ochulukirapo pa zowerengera zamakono, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku (monga USA ndi England).

GHS

Komabe, mofanana ndi ndondomeko yovomerezeka yovomerezeka, njira ina yochepa ya GHS (centimeter-gram-second) inayamba. Zinaperekedwa m'chaka cha 1832 ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi ya ku Germany Gauss, ndipo mu 1874, Maxwell ndi Thompson adasinthidwa bwino, makamaka mmalo mwa electrodynamics. Mu 1889, dongosolo la ISS labwino kwambiri (lachimita-kilogalamu yachiwiri) linaperekedwa. Kuyerekeza zinthu molingana ndi miyezo ya mita ndi kilogalamu kwa injiniya ndizosavuta kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zawo (centi-, milli-, deci-etc). Komabe, lingaliro ili silinapezepo kuyankha kwa misala m'mitima mwa iwo omwe adafuna. Miyeso ya miyesoyi idalimbikitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi , kotero kuti kuwerengera kwa GHS kunali kochepa, ndipo pambuyo pa 1960, poyambitsa njira ya SI, GHS inali yopanda ntchito. Pakalipano, GHS imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pakuwerengera zamagetsi ndi astrophysics, ndiyeno chifukwa cha njira yosavuta yolemba malamulo a electromagnetism.

Ndondomeko ya sitepe ndi sitepe

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane chitsanzo. Tiyerekeze kuti vutoli likuwoneka ngati izi: "Yerekezerani mtengo wa matani 25 ndi 19570 makilogalamu." Ndiyiti mwazofunika kwambiri? " Chimene mukufunikira kuchita choyamba, choyamba, ndicho kudziwa zomwe timapatsidwa. Kotero, mtengo wapatali umaperekedwa mwa matani, ndipo wachiwiri mu kilogalamu. Mu sitepe yachiwiri, timayang'ana ngati olemba a vuto akuyesera kutisochera, kuyesera kutikakamiza kuti tiyerekeze kuchuluka kwazo. Palinso ntchito zotero-misampha, makamaka mu mayesero ofulumira, pomwe yankho la funso lirilonse liri 20-30 masekondi. Monga momwe tikuonera, zikhalidwezo ndizofanana: mu kilogalamu ndi matani timayesa kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi kulemera kwa thupi, kotero chekechi chachiŵiricho chaperekedwa ndi zotsatira zabwino. Khwerero lachitatu, timamasulira kilogalamu mu matani kapena, tani, matani - mu kilogalamu kuti zikhale zosayerekezera. Pachiyambi choyamba, amapezeka matani 25 ndi 19.57, ndipo mwachiwiri: 25,000 ndi 19,570 kilogalamu. Ndipo tsopano mungathe kufananitsa mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino ndi moyo wodekha. Monga momwe zikhoza kuwonetseredwa, mtengo woyamba (matani 25) m'magulu awiriwa ndi wamkulu kuposa wachiwiri (makilogalamu 19,570).

Misampha

Monga tanena kale, mayesero amakono ali ndi ntchito zambiri zonyenga. Izi sizinthu zomwe tazifufuza, msampha ukhoza kukhala funso lopanda chilungamo, makamaka pamene pali yankho lomveka bwino. Komabe, kupotoka, monga lamulo, kumakhala muzinthu zenizeni kapena muzithunzi zochepa, zomwe olemba ntchitoyo amayesa kuzibisa mwa njira iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, mmalo mwa vuto lomwe mukudziwiratu kale pa mafunso osokonezeka ndi mawu a funsoli: "Yerekezerani zomwe zilipo ngati n'kotheka", otsogolera akhoza kukufunsani kuti mufanizire kuchuluka kwazinthu zowonetsera, ndipo kuchuluka komweko kukuyenera kukhala kofanana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kg * m / s ² ndi m / s ² . Pachiyambi choyamba, ichi ndicho mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito chinthucho (newtons), ndipo chachiwiri - kuthamangira kwa thupi, kapena m / s ² ndi m / s, kumene mukufunsidwa kufanizitsa kuthamanga ndi liwiro la thupi, ndiko kuti, zosiyana kwambiri.

Kuyerekezera kovuta

Komabe, kawirikawiri ntchito ziwiri zimaperekedwa mu ntchito, zomwe zimayesedwa osati magawo osiyanasiyana a muyeso ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana owerengetsera, komanso mosiyana ndi wina ndi mzake mwachindunji cha tanthauzo lenileni. Mwachitsanzo, mawu a vutoli akuti: "Yerekezerani ndi zizindikiro za viscosities zamphamvu ndi zachibadwa ndipo muzindikire kuti chimakhala chotani kwambiri." Pachifukwa ichi, zizindikiro zamakono zimayikidwa mu zigawo za SI, ndiko, m ² / s, ndi kulemera kwa SGS, ndiko, poise. Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani pa nkhaniyi?

Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto ngati amenewa, mungagwiritse ntchito malangizowa pamwamba ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono. Dziwani kuti ndondomekoyi idzagwira ntchito: yikani kukhala njira ya SI, yomwe ingavomerezedwe pakati pa akatswiri. Timayang'ananso sitepe yachiwiri, koma si msampha? Koma mu chitsanzo ichi, inunso, zonse ziri zoyera. Timayerekezera madzi amadzimadzi awiri ndi kuthamanga kwa mkati (onani mamasukidwe akayendedwe), choncho zonse ziwiri ndizofanana. Gawo lachitatu ndikutanthauzira ma viscosity amphamvu kuchokera poise mpaka pascal-yachiwiri, ndiko kuti, ku zigawo zovomerezeka za dongosolo la SI. Kenaka, timamasulira ma viscosity achimake kuti tiwoneke mofulumira, kuwonjezereka ndi mtengo wofanana wa madzi (kutchulidwa mtengo), ndi kuyerekezera zotsatira zomwe zapezeka.

Kunja kwa dongosolo

Palinso magawo ena omwe sali m'gulu la SI, koma malinga ndi zotsatira za zisankho zokambirana zokambirana pazitsulo ndi zolemera (GKVM), zovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi SI. N'zotheka kuyerekezerana pakati pawo pokhapokha ngati atachepetsedwa kukhala mawonekedwe ambiri mu SI. Maunitelo monga miniti, ola, tsiku, lita, electron-volts, node, hektala, bar, angstrom ndi ena ambiri ali mbali ya chipangizo.