Asidi hydrofluoric

asidi Hydrofluoric kawirikawiri opangidwa mu mawonekedwe a yothetsera 40%, koma nthawi zina pamakhala 50% kapena 72% njira. Koma iwo akutchedwa asidi hydrofluoric kapena fluoride wa hydrogen amadzimadzi. dzina lake chinapangidwa ndi fluorspar, limene, mudzachitira fluoride wa hydrogen.

Hydrofluoric asidi - chilinganizo ake HF. Zowoneka, ndi madzi colorless, ali kulemera maselo a 20,0063 g / mol ndi osalimba - 1,15 g / cm³. Iwo amakhala ndi kutentha: kusungunuka - 83,6 ° C, kuwira - 19,5 ° C. Ndi si flammable ndi kwambiri poizoni.

Tchulani ali asidi hydrofluoric? Chilinganizo cha nkhaniyi zikusonyeza kuti zikuphatikizapo fluorine ndi wa hydrogen mu dongosolo lake. Adzaupereka kwa m'kalasi yachiwiri ya ngozi, monga popangidwa ndi dissociation wa fluorine ndi poizoni ndi woopsawo chilengedwe chathu.

Pa kuvunda kwa asidi mu madzi mu kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi 59,1 KJ / mol. Umakaphatikizana ndi zitsulo ambiri, potero kupanga fluorides. Chidwi n'chakuti, ngakhale gawo laling'ono la asidi ichi amatha kutsitsa yozizira koopsa mfundo za muyezo madzi. Pa otsika fluoride kutentha wa hydrogen mankhwala awa ndi madzi H2O · HF, H2O ndi H2O · 2HF · 4HF.

Ngakhale kuti asidi hydrofluoric limabweretsa sing'anga mphamvu zidulo, izo umachititsa ndi silicate galasi chidebe. Komanso, ali yekhayo wa mankhwala ake kalasi amene amachitira ndi pakachitsulo okusayidi SiO (2). okusayidi Zimenezi, ndi zinthu zazikulu ntchito yopanga galasi. asidi Hydrofluoric alibe mphamvu pa sera, choncho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa yosungirako ake. Pakali pano izo chimadzera ndi kusungidwa yekha mu phukusi pulasitiki, kapena zopangidwa mphira ndipo muli patsogolo. Mkulu ndende (60%) asidi akhoza nazo muli amphamvu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo.

Zitsulo, omwe si sungunuka mu izo, kutsogolera, pulatinamu ndi golide. Luso asidi hydrofluoric lili zosafunika angapo, imene ambiri ali monga Fe, RB, Monga, ndipo N2SiF6, SO2. Good kuyeretsa asidi analandira mwa akatembenuka kuti difluoride potaziyamu. Ndiponso, linakwiriridwa ndi kusungunuka ndi Kutentha ndi fluoride wa hydrogen mu madzi.

Pamene akugwira ntchito Laboratories ntchito ziwiya muli wa polyethylene ndi PTFE ndi mabuku lalikulu asidi hydrofluoric kusungidwa mu zitsulo, zolimba, akasinja hermetically chatsekedwa, ndi akasinja kapena zonenepa amoniya mtundu, umene kukhala ndi mitundu zoteteza zilipo.

asidi Hydrofluoric ndi ngozi thanzi la munthu. Iye ali ofooka chomwa mankhwalawa zimakhudzanso psyche lapansi. Ngati pazifukwa zina iye analowa magazi, mu nkhani iyi kupewa poizoni aakulu ndi kusintha mu ntchito za dongosolo m'mimba ndi edema m'mapapo mwanga. Ngakhale asidi hydrofluoric akhoza kusokoneza ntchito mtima ndi ambiri kuledzera wa chamoyo.

Anakumana ndi khungu kapena maso, izo zimayambitsa amayaka chowawa ngakhale pa woipa otsika. Makamaka zosasangalatsa zotsatira za malowedwe asidi ndi misomali, choncho ntchito ndi izo yekha ayenera kuvala magolovesi ndi Tambasula wabwino.

Ngati Komabe, khungu tiri asidi, ndiye mwamsanga nadzatsuka ndi madzi ndi kuchitira ndi 2.5% kashiamu gluconate monga gel osakaniza a. Koma sitingasiye, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Adzamuika jekeseni mtsempha wa mankhwala enaake calcium.

Kodi ntchito asidi yoopsa? Panopa, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mwakhama thanthwe kulephera kwa silicate kupasuka zitsulo monga niobium, tantalum ndi zirconium. Iwo amachita monga chothandizira kuti hydrogenation ndi dehydrogenation, komanso kupanga fluoropolymers, freons acid fluorosulfonic. Iye anapeza ntchito yake makampani mafuta. Iye woyesedwa ndi zitsime za mafuta kumapangitsanso mafuta kupanga.