Mapiri Mekenzievy mu Crimea

Station "Mekenzievy phiri" pa chilumba cha Crimea ndiko kuchimake kwa kumadera akutali a Sevastopol. Maina a ambiri silinenapo, koma kuti umakhudza mbiri ya mzinda, ndi woyambitsa ake, munthu amene wachita zambiri kwa kubadwa kwa mzinda uno ndi nyanja, mzinda wopambana. dzina lake - Foma Mekenzi. Russian kumbuyo asilikali, amene analamulira squadron ya Black Sea zombo m'chaka 1873-1876.

Nature Mekenzievyh mapiri

Dera yotakata, yomwe ili m'dera la Sevastopol pa Crimea chilumba, dzina Mekenzievy mapiri. Bwaloli ndi okulira mumbali lokwera kuti ukugawa gawo kumtunda kwa milimo kwambiri ndi nthambi converging kumpoto ndi kumadzulo. Mapiri kumpoto mbali mumbali ndi phompho - kum'mwera.

Iwo kuphimba yotakata-Ndalankhula nkhalango, umene uli wothira m'minda yokumba pine. Pa gawo la Mekenzievyh mapiri ndi wapadera mbewu nazale Crimea paini, amene akukamba mbewu osankhika kukongola nkhalango. The otsetsereka a mapiri chapatali kuoneka woyera kuchokera madipoziti ndi marl.

Mekenzievy mapiri kutambasula kum'mawa kwa siteshoni ndi dzina lofanana ndi mapiri akale Inkerman Eski-Kermen - linga, yomwe ili pa lokwera lamkati la Crimea. Pa mfundo imeneyi m'dera kumalire ndi Bakhchisaray Sevastopol. Kumpoto kwa mapiri kupanga okulira pakati pa mitsinje Black ndi Belbek.

F. F. Mekenzi

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII mapiri anali Turkic dzina la Kok-Agach, koma mbiri yake adapanga otchedwa Mekenzievy mapiri. Amene anali FF Mackenzie? Atate wa m'tsogolo kumbuyo asilikali Scot mwa kubadwa ndipo anatenga dzina la McKenzie. mwana wake Thomas McKenzie anabadwa kumpoto kwa Russia, malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena - mu Arkhangelsk.

N'zodziwikiratu kuti iye anabatizidwa mu Mpingo Orthodox ndipo anapatsidwa dzina Thomas, dzina lake anamasulira m'njira Russian, ndipo anakhala Fomoy Mekenzi. Iye analembetsa utumiki wa panyanja ndipo anapanga pantchito yabwino - anakhala kumbuyo-asilikali ndi mtsogoleri wa Black Sea zombo.

Kodi dzina la

Zinali pansi utsogoleri wake 1783 anayamba kuchotsa nkhalango pafupifupi aziopa Ahtiarskoy Bay ndi kumanga m'chipindacho, chipatala, mpingo, milimo ya Admiralty ndi nyumba kwa alonda. FF Mackenzie anali mtsogoleri woyamba wa doko Sevastopol.

Motsogozedwa wake, iwo anakonza miyala kumene mwala anawasema kumangira ng'anjo; ndipo amene laimu yopsereza. zokambirana yaing'ono akhala anakonza zoti kupanga zinthu zina chofunika zombo. Kukhazikika farmstead ulimi, amene anapereka chakudya kwa anthu ndi makonzedwe a zombo za. Iye anali munthu wabwino ndiponso wachangu mwini.

Ku utumiki phindu la Russia iye anapatsidwa dziko, kumene anayambitsanso famu, anadziwika monga Mackenzie. Choncho anafika dzina la mapiri, pa phazi umene unali, iwo anawaitana Mekenzievy mapiri. dzina ili ndi siteshoni, ili kunja kwa mzinda wa mzinda wa Sevastopol, amene wachita ndipo akupitiriza amathandiza kwambiri mu moyo wa mzinda.

Chifukwa yomanga siteshoni

The vuto lankhondo m'Nyanja Black adabvutika. Turkey anayesa kupeza Crimea, linalanda kwa Russia mu 1783. Russia ankafunika madoko ndi zapansi ili pachilumbachi. Iwo anayamba kumanga awo ndi chitukuko. An mzinda wofunika pa Crimea chilumba, Sevastopol anakhala.

Unapangitsa Chirasha Turkey kusiyana mu arches wa otsiriza Turkey nkhondo 1877-1878 nkhaniyi pamaso boma Russian za pakufunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti amapereka zonse chakudya ndi chitetezo asilikali.

Lozovo-Sevastopol sitima polumikiza Sevastopol ndi Simferopol inamangidwa. woyamba sitima yonyamula katundu anali anagonjera mu chaka cha 1875 kuti Sevastopol. Mu 1891, ntchito yomanga siteshoni inayamba mu Crimea "Mekenzievy Mountain" chilumba. Simferopol ndi Sevastopol ali adzatsekeredwa chikugwirizana.

Udindo wa mbewu chitetezo pa Sebastopol

"Mekenzievy Mountain" - ali koposa zonse, siteshoni kutumikira doko, chimene nthawizonse wakhala kufunika njira. N'chifukwa chake pa Wachiwiri World nkhondo zinachitika padziko kumenyana naye aukali, amene adatuluka kuchokera 1941 mpaka 1942. Pano pali maudindo kiyi wa asilikali Soviet, amene anatseka ndimeyi kuti kumpoto Sevastopol Bay.

Makamaka nkhanza anali kumenyana pa chiyambi cha June 1942, m'dera siteshoni katatu kusintha kwa asilikali Soviet dziko la Germany. Kufupi ndi siteshoni anali wotchuka antiaircraft batire № 365, analamula akuluakulu NDI Lt. Pyanzin.

Siteshoni wasanduka chipilala kwa ungwazi ndi mtima wa asilikali Soviet ndi amalinyero amene anamenya pano mpaka posachedwapa. dziko lake aonapo sokonezedwe amalimbana melee, oti muli nazo zida kanthu "Zheleznyakov" wosimidwa moto wa mabatire odana ndege ndi misozi owawa mthunzi mu July 1942.

Suli kutali siteshoni, pali manda "Mekenzievy mapiri." Sevastopol akupitiriza kusintha ndipo, malinga ndi chigamulo, manda atsopano adzamangira monga chatsekedwa akale. The manda zaka fraternal m'manda a zokometsera amene anafa mu 1941-1942 chaka chitetezo cha Sevastopol. Pa slabs chikumbukiro lalembedwa ndi mayina pafupifupi zokometsera onse akufa kwa siteshoni.

pasiteshoni ya sitima

Nkhondo itatha, kufunika anakhalabe apamwamba. akatundu amenewa anali ochokera konsekonse Soviet Union. Kunali koyenera kuti abwezeretse Sevastopol, mbali ya kumpoto. Ichi chidachitika mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka.

Today "Mekenzievy phiri" - ndi siteshoni nangula mu katundu-Sevastopol-Simferopol. Ochokera limapereka zonse sitima Mekenzievy Mountain - Simferopol. Pafupi linamangidwa watsopano m'dera Mekenzievy mapiri za distilikiti Nakhimov wa Sevastopol, yomwe ili makilomita 24 mumzindawu ndi makilomita anayi kuchokera pamwamba pa Sevastopol Bay.

Mtengo wa siteshoni kumzinda n'chachikulu, makamaka mogwirizana ndi ntchito yomanga doko latsopano Avlita angathe kulandira ziwiya lalikulu. Iwo lili kumpoto kwa si kuzizira Sevastopol Bay. Iye amapita mwa ophimba tirigu ndi zitsulo. Mbali ya kumpoto doko kwathunthu serviced siteshoni. Pa gawo la doko kumanga malo chachikulu kwa yosungirako tirigu.