Mitengo yoyenera feteleza ndi zitsamba m'chaka

Feteleza mitengo ndi zitsamba mu kasupe - ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za mkulu zokolola. Zokolola zikhazikitsidwe zaka m'minda, khalidwe nthaka ndi kupezeka kwa ulimi. Atatu Nsanamira ya feteleza zipatso mitengo wodzipangitsa potassium asafe ndi phosphorous.

mitundu ya feteleza

Feteleza mitengo ndi zitsamba mu kasupe oyambirira wapangidwa kapena mchere kapena zinthu organic.

feteleza mchere anawagawa yosavuta zovuta. Kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndi mmene zigawo zambiri m'gulu zikuchokera awo. Ngati wina, ndiye losavuta feteleza, ndi awiri ena - zovuta. Komanso, iwo anawagawa m'magulu zochokera pophika chachikulu zikuchokera ndi - asafe, phosphate ndi potashi.

Maziko a feteleza organic Humus ndi organic nkhani - manyowa, manyowa, kompositi komanso manyowa wobiriwira.

Feteleza ndi feteleza asafe

Feteleza zipatso mitengo ndi zitsamba kumayambiriro kasupe wa mchere feteleza kumafuna kusamala njira. Chinthu chachikulu mu mtundu uwu wa fetereza - muyeso, mukatero zingasokoneze osati zomera, komanso dzikolo ndi anthu.

Pakuti asafe feteleza monga:

• Ammonium sulphate. mankhwala acidifies nthaka, ndi bwino sungunuka izo, choncho ndi bwino kuti mu kugwa. Kuonjezera katundu, n'zotheka 1 makilogalamu sulphate ammonium kuwonjezera makilogalamu 1.5 laimu.
• Ammonium nitrate (nitrate ammonium) - pawiri n'kamodzi. Action nitrate ammonium mwamsanga komanso zothandiza pa dothi si acidic. Zomera bwino kuyamwa izo ndi akuchitira kwa izo. Ngati dothi wokha sukhalira acidified, ndi bwino kuchepetsa ammonium nitrate anajambulapo ufa chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Iwo neutralizes acidity. Kupanga mtundu wa feteleza akhoza kukhala mu kasupe ndi autumn, mlingo wa 150-200 makilogalamu pa mahekitala, ngati mbali yaikulu, ndipo 100-150 makilogalamu m'dera lomweli monga kuvala pamwamba.
• Wina wogwira feteleza mitengo ndi zitsamba m'chaka - urea (carbamide). feteleza Izi ndi mkulu ndende ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa kuwonjezeka zokolola. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji pansi pa mizu ya mitengo ya zipatso pa nthawi tithe kumvetsa kumasulira nthaka kudzera ulimi wothirira kapena ngati ntchito madzi mawonekedwe maganizo.

Lamulo lalikulu kuti anakumana ndi ntchito asafe feteleza - ndi kugwilizana ndi malangizo ntchito, mlingo lolondola ndi chitetezo pa yosungirako ndipo adzafuna kwa nthaka.

Feteleza phosphorous ndi potaziyamu feteleza

Phosphate ndi potashi feteleza thandizo zomera atengere chilengedwe kunja, kuwapanga iwo chisanu ndi amphamvu. Iwo zimakhudza kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la mbewu.

Phosphorus feteleza iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nthaka chifukwa iwo ali bwino odzipereka, nawachita m'chaka oyambirira bwino mu kukumba dothi choyamba. Ambiri a phosphorous zowonjezera - ndi superphosphate (imene sulfure ofotokoza gypsum) ndi ufa phosphoric, amene ntchito dothi acidic.

Wamkulu kufunika kwa superphosphate amasangalala chifukwa cha ake mofulumira mayamwidwe mizu ya mitengo ndi zitsamba. Pamene chodzala mbande kupanga mokwanira kuchokera 400 600 ga superphosphate phando kubzala. Wamkulu perennials mlingo wa kudya ndi 40-60 ga pa 1 mita ² mozungulila-thunthu.

Katundu feteleza mankwala - ndi kudya zomera kukula ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo amphamvu mizu. Mukhoza kuona kusintha Mkhalidwe mu kukoma zipatso ndi zipatso, ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola.

Potashi mu mawonekedwe koyera bwino ntchito, ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi nthaka, chitsulo kapena asafe mankhwala. Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa potashi - ndi sulphate potassium amene alibe zovulaza zomera chlorine ndi sodium wochuluka.

Feteleza mitengo ndi zitsamba m'chaka cha feteleza potashi zipangitsa kukolola. Kupanda potaziyamu m'nthaka zimakhudza kuchuluka zipatso ndi kukoma kwawo. Pangani sulphate potaziyamu akhoza kukhala mu mtundu uliwonse wa nthaka kudyetsa pa mlingo wa 20-25 ga pa 1 mita ^2. Zotsatira zabwino zimatheka ndi osakaniza a mankwala feteleza ndi potaziyamu.

feteleza mbande

Kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la feteleza Zimatengera chotengera zikuchokera nthaka, koma kuvala za m'munda mitengo ndi zitsamba mu kasupe, makamaka kwa kubzala mbewu chofunika.

Mitengo makamaka zofunika kukhalapo kwa phosphorous m'nthaka, monga kunakhudza kukula ndipo anatengera mofulumira. Ndisonyezeni tsamba phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza ayenera kukhala patsogolo mbande adzakhala anabzala.

Ndi bwino kuchita izo mu wosanjikiza zakuya kuposa dzenje, pansi pa mtengo kapena chitsamba chilichonse. N'kofunikanso kuti fetereza anali kamodzi anaika ambiri, ndi kuyembekezera zaka zingapo. Feteleza mitengo ndi zitsamba m'chaka cha phosphorous n'kofunika okha mitengo achinyamata, chifukwa kumapangitsa kukula mofulumira.

Other feteleza mitengo wamng'ono kuposa zaka ziwiri, Simungapereke, pokhapokha ngati dothi pamaso omwe anali kwathunthu watopa. Apo ayi, poyamba mosamala manyowa ndi achire, ndipo ndiye yekha kuyala munda.

Feteleza ndi zinthu organic

feteleza Organic chilengedwe ndi masoka kwa mitengo ndi zitsamba. Iwo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kale panali makampani mankhwala. Iwo akatidzadza ndi kusintha nthaka popanda owononga izo.

Feteleza mitengo ndi zitsamba ndi manyowa m'chaka - ndondomeko ambiri mwa truckers. Awa ndi Kufikika ndi yotsika mtengo mtundu wa kudyetsa ndi lonse zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika zomera - boron, manganese, cobalt, mkuwa, molybdenum. Best kwa feteleza mitengo ndi zitsamba akuti ndi kavalo manyowa ndi mbalame zitosi. Iwo ali ozadzidwa ndi yofunika kwambiri kufufuza zinthu kwa zomera kukula ndi mkulu zokolola. Ambiri ntchito madzi mawonekedwe feteleza zipatso ndi mabulosi mbewu.

Pakuti chidebe aliyense njira theka wodzazidwa ndi manyowa, ndi pamwamba ladzala ndi madzi, kenako ayenera kusakaniza bwinobwino. Patatha mwezi umodzi, osakaniza chotsatira angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mlingo wa 1 lita pa 6-8 L madzi. Ngati nthaka youma, tiyenera kukhala njira zambiri madzi. M'nthaka chonyowa kupanga gawo thicker fetereza ndi.

Ngati anakonza feteleza mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba mu April ndipo moyenera, m'pofunika kuyala yothetsera mu March.

feteleza kompositi

Peat ndi humus - mitundu ya feteleza organic kuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito paokha ndi mu mawonekedwe a manyowa. Kompositi anapangidwa kuchokera manyowa, peat kapena zinyalala zosiyanasiyana - chakudya kapena masamba wagwa ndipo masamba. Izi thovu zatsalira Mmera wonse, umene m'chaka wokonzedwera chongopeka. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kusankha malo amene alibe kudzaza ndi madzi, ndi kuwonjezera onse zosakaniza musokonezeka ndi dziko lapansi.

Monga kompositi mulu kukula ayenera moisturize kuvunda mwamphamvu. Ndi bwino kuphimba manyowa wakuda film, amene salola kuti madzi asanduke nthunzi ndipo motero atamukoka kutentha kwa dzuwa. Pakuti bwino lawola masamba zinyalala ndi manyowa akhoza kuthira zigawo ya laimu hydrated, ndi kuti unali mwayi kwa mpweya, ntchito zigawo nthambi ndi udzu, moti kompositi kuti "kupuma".

The zikuchokera komaliza ingagwiritsidwe patapita zaka 1-2. Ndi woyera ndi zothandiza kwambiri fetereza, amene mwangwiro amachita ngati zomera okha, ndi pa nthaka.

Feteleza wa mitengo mwala zipatso

Pa chitukuko Mkhalidwe ndi kukula kwa mitengo mwala zipatso ndi zofunika kwambiri zakudya zabwino. Feteleza mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba mu March, ndi chinsinsi kukolola, ngati zimenezi zimathandiza zomera kupita mofulumira ku hibernation.

Ndi yabwino kwambiri kupereka mbewu fetereza woyamba, pamene mitengo akadali chisanu. Pamene kusungunuka zakudya idzayenda mu nthaka ndi kuyamwitsa mizu. Ngati ngale mtengo wamng'ono, ndiye amayamba kuvala bwino mu chaka 2 kukula kwake. Ndi okwanira ntchito urea ofotokoza 20 g / 1 mita ^2. Wodzipangitsa Kuyenera yekha m'chaka. Mu autumn, mukhoza kuwonjezera phosphorous-potaziyamu fetereza.

Pamene mwala mitengo - chitumbuwa, maula, apurikoti, ndi zina - ndi fruiting, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito makilogalamu 10 a manyowa kapena kompositi, 20-25 ga urea, 60 ga ndi superphosphate yosavuta kapena awiri 30 ga ndi 200 ga phulusa nkhuni pa mita lalikulu.

Feteleza mitengo pome

Mitengo pome feteleza bwino mu April adzakhala nitrogenous zinthu yotithandiza kukula kwa mphukira. Ngati ulimi mtengo ofooka, Ndi bwino kuwonjezera urea zina mu chiŵerengero cha 5 g / 1 mita ² kuzungulira-thunthu bwalo. Wamkulu feteleza mitengo ikuchitika pa wozungulira lonse korona.

kwambiri kanjira m'munda kwa seeding zitsamba chikhalidwe monga clover woyera, dambo fescue ndi ena. Iwo ayenera Ndimatchetcha pamene iwo akukula ndi kusiya mitengo. Pankhaniyi, inu simungakhoze manyowa munda organic, ndi kungowonjezera fetereza.

Feteleza mabulosi tchire

Berry kupereka mbewu zabwino, dziko muyenera kukhala okonzeka pasadakhale ndiponso manyowa. Mwachitsanzo, kwa wakuda currant muyenera malo lonyowa, ndi raspberries ndi currants ofiira ndi gooseberries - bwino anayatsa m'madera ofunda ya m'munda.

Bookmark feteleza nthaka ikhale zochuluka. Manyowa, humus kapena kompositi kupanga mlingo wa makilogalamu 500 pa 100 mamita ^2. Feteleza mchere zipatso abwino phosphate ndi potashi.

Ngati mabulosi mitengo kuika zinachitikadi molondola, zotsatira zingapo, inu angathe kuchepetsa nthaka fetereza.