Mdima ufumu mu sewerolo "Mvula ya Mkuntho" - ndichiyani?

Mdima ufumu mu sewerolo "Mvula ya Mkuntho" Ostrovsky - ndi mawu ophiphiritsa ndi bwino kuti onse ku dzanja kosavuta chi wake, mabuku wotsutsa Dobrolyubov. Ndicho chimene Nikolai Ivanovich anaona kuti ndi bwino kufotokoza lolemera chikhalidwe ndi makhalidwe mpweya m'mizinda ya Russia m'zaka za m'ma XIX.

Ostrovsky - ndi connoisseur moyo Russian

Dzina lake Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky anapanga omveka yojambula mu sewero Russian, amene analandira Nkhani yabwino, review. Anapitiriza mwambo wa Russian zisudzo dziko anaika Fonvizin, Gogol, Griboyedov. Makamaka, Nikolai Dobrolyubov kutamandidwa nzeru zozama ndi kuwonetsera woona wa Wolemba wina limatchula za moyo Russian. Zinkapezeka mu sewerolo mzinda Volga Kalinov anakhala chitsanzo cha lonse la Russia.

Ndi mtima wonse yophiphiritsa "ufumu wamdima"

Mdima ufumu Ostrovsky a "Mphepo The" - bwino ndi succinct zophiphiritsa analenga wotsutsa Dobrolyubov, maziko kufotokoza waukulu ndi umoyo ndi zachuma ndi kuchepera - zolembalemba. Last anakonza ndi ulemu ku tauni zigawo za Kalinov, imene Ostrovsky ankafotokozedwa pafupifupi (monga iwo amati - pafupifupi) Russian mudzi wa atumwi XVIII.

Yotakata tanthauzo la mawu akuti "Ufumu mdima"

Poyamba zimaonetsa mphamvu yotakata lingaliro ili: mdima gawo mu Ostrovsky a "The Mphepo" - zooneka khalidwe la udindo umoyo ndale ya Russia pa siteji zina za chitukuko.

Pambuyo owerenga woganiza chidwi mbiri, lingaliro bwino za mtundu wa Russia (zaka za m'ma XVIII) funso. A dziko yaikulu, chidutswa cha chomwe chili mu sewerolo Wolemba wina, ankakhala mu njira yakale, mu nthawi imene ku Ulaya wamphamvu mafakitale zinachitika. Anthu anali chikhalidwe analumala serfdom (zomwe chinathetsedwa mu 1861). Komabe si kumanga njanji njira. Anthu kwakukulukulu anali osaphunzira, wosaphunzira, wopembedzetsa. Ndipotu mfundo chikhalidwe amatenga pang'ono.

Onse Kalinowo akuzigawo ngati "yophika madzi yake." . Ndiko anthu sali nawo ntchito yaikulu - kupanga, kumanga. ziweruzo zawo kupereka kulephera wathunthu mu mawu losavuta: mwachitsanzo, unayambira magetsi mphezi.

Mdima ufumu Ostrovsky a "Mphepo The" - chimangidwe popanda chitukuko cha vekitala lapansi. Sunachitikebe mawonekedwe kalasi ya bourgeoisie mafakitale ndi proletariat ... utuluke Financial wa anthu sanali kupangidwa yokwanira lonse kusintha umoyo ndi zachuma.

Mdima ufumu mzinda Kalinov

M'njira yopapatiza, yemweyo - mdima ufumu wa kusewera "Mvula ya Mkuntho" - njira ya moyo chibadidwe bourgeoisie ndi zazing'ono ndi ogulitsa. Malinga ndi malongosoledwe operekedwa ndi Ostrowski m'dera unangokwaniritsidwa chogwidwa ndi amalonda olemera ndi odzikuza. Iwo ankachita kugwira kuthamanga maganizo pa ena, ndi kusamala zofuna zawo. Council si MIZUKWA izi kuti "tidzapita kudya." Pakuti ankhanza izi ndalama yokwana udindo, ndi makhalidwe a anthu ndi Mkhristu - osati lamulo pazochita zawo. Mumakhala amachita akufunira. Makamaka tingawapeze, luso wathunthu fano - Savel wamalonda ndi mkazi wamalonda a Prokopievich Wildlife Marfa Ignatevna Kabanova - kuyamba "mdima Ufumu" kusewera "Mvula ya Mkuntho". ndi zilembo zimenezi? Taganizirani iwo monga choncho.

Chifanizo cha wamalonda Savely Prokovich Wild

Malonda Wild ndi munthu wolemera Kalinov. Komabe, kugwirizana kwa si m'mphepete ndi kupingasa maganizo ndi alendo, koma ndi "mtima lakuthwa." Ndipo iye amadziwa nkhandwe wake chilengedwe, ndipo akufuna kusintha mwanjira ina. "Pa mtengo kamodzi, wamkulu ndinali kusala kudya ..." Inde nkhanza ndi chikhalidwe wachiwiri wake. Pankhani "munthu pang'ono" ndi pempho kubwereka ndalama, Wildlife akhakula izo manyazi Komanso, iwo pafupifupi Kodi sangafikire kumpanda ngozi. Komanso, khalidwe ndi zina psycho zonse kwa iye. ( "Kodi kuchita, mtima wanga!") Zimenezo. Amanga ubale wake ndi ena chifukwa mantha ndi ulamuliro wake. Ichi ndi chitsanzo wake watsiku ndi khalidwe ulemu kwa anthu ndi m'munsi chuma chawo.

Munthu uyu sanali wolemera. Koma anapita kwa viability wa mokwiya wosazindikira ndi makhalidwe chikhalidwe alipo. Ubale ndi mabwenzi ndi achibale (makamaka, ndi mphwake), amangira mfundo imodzi yokha: manyazi iwo yokhala - kumana ufulu chitukuko, kenako kuzigwiritsa ntchito nokha. Komabe, poona kulimbikira maganizo kwa munthu ndi udindo ofanana (mwachitsanzo, wamasiye Kabanihi wamalonda amayamba thanzi ndi ulemu, popanda ulemu). Izi - wosazindikira, wapawiri-dera makhalidwe.

Kwa chipongwe ndi kukayikirana ( "Kotero inu mukudziwa kuti inu muli - nyongolotsi") ndi chobisika dyera ndi kudzikonda. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani ya mphwake iye zimaphwanya iye cholowa chake. Savel Prokofitch umabala chidani mu mtima wake kuti zonse momuzungulira. credo wake - ndi reflex atolankhani onse, onse akanikizire pansi, kuchotsa malo okha mu moyo. Tikukhala mu nthawi iyi, ndi chitsiru ngati (mundikhululukire ndi mukamamasuka nawo ndi kuwauza) adzakhala ndithu wokhoza, basi pakati pa msewu, pa chifukwa palibe chifukwa kumenya ife, kwa ife kusamukira ku tsidya lina la msewu, kuchotsa momwe iye! Koma chithunzi ichi chakhala anazolowera serfdom mu Russia! Osati kanthu kuti ufumu wa mdima wa kusewera "Mvula ya Mkuntho" Dob otchedwa kuwamvetsa ndi zoona chinyezimiro cha moyo Russian!

Chifaniziro cha wamasiye Marfy Ignatevny Kabanovoy

Kufotokozera chachiwiri ulemu zakutchire Kalinov ndi mkazi wamasiye wolemera wamalonda a Kabaniha. chitsanzo ake chikhalidwe cha khalidwe si monga wosazindikira ngati wamalonda Wild. (Zifukwa zina, pa chitsanzo ichi, kumbukirani kufanizira: "Osauka maso rhinoceros - ndi vuto la ena, m'malo rhinoceros ndi!) Marfa Ignatevna Kabanova, mosiyana wamalonda Wild, akumanga udindo wawo pang'onopang'ono. Chida ndi manyazi, koma - a mtundu wina. Zingamvekere makamaka a m'banja lake: mwana wake Tikhon, mwana wamkazi Barbara, mwana Catherine. Chifukwa cha ulamuliro wawo pa ena, iye akudziika monga ukulu wake zakuthupi ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Chinyengo - ndicho chinsinsi ake mpheto ya anthu. Mu wamalonda - miyezo iwiri. Yokhala ndi chabe mpatuko Mkhristu zotsatirazi, ndi kwa ichi chikumbumtima achikhristu achifundo. M'malo mwake, udindo wawo otserkvleniya iye amatanthauzira monga ngati tagwirizana ndi Mulungu, kukhulupirira kuti ali oyenera osati kuphunzitsa ena onse padziko, komanso sonyezani mmene iwo ayenera kuchita.

Ichi ndi momwe zakhala nthawi zonse, adzawonongeratu mwana wake Tikhon, monga munthu, ndi kukankha mwana Catherine kudzipha.

Ngati wamalonda Wild, anakumana mu msewu, ndipo mukhoza kupeza padziko vuto ndi Kabanihi ndi yosiyana. Titero, izo zonse, mosalekeza, osati sporadically monga Wild, "amapanga" mdima gawo mu sewerolo "Chifunga". Anagwiranso ntchito amakhala Kabanihu amasonyeza iye zombiruet okondedwa awo, napempha kuti Catherine yoweramitsidwa mwamuna wake pamene akulowa m'nyumbamo, kutanthauza kuti "inu simungatsutsane ndi mayi anga" kwa mwamuna wake anauza okhwima kwa mkazi wake, ndipo nthawi ndi kumumenya ...

zoyesayesa wofooka kupewa wankhanza

Kodi amatsutsa gulu la mzinda Kalinov kuwonjezeka pamwamba ankhanza awiri? Inde, pafupifupi chilichonse. Anthu kukhala m'dziko omasuka okha. Monga Pushkin analemba "Boris Godunov": "Anthu ali chete ...". Munthu wophunzira, mwamantha akuyesera kuti afotokoze maganizo ake monga injiniya Kuligin. Wina ngati Barbara, ziwalo okha mwamakhalidwe, moyo iwiri: poddakivaya Samodurov ndi kuchita zokondweretsa kwambiri. Ndipo munthu akuyembekezera Zionetsero zoweta ndi zomvetsa chisoni (monga Catherine).

Pomaliza

Kumachitika ngati pa moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku mawu akuti "nkhanza"? Tikukhulupirira kuti ambiri owerenga - kwambiri zosakwana kwa anthu a mumzinda linga Kalinov. Tengani chifundo, ngati bwana wanu ndi despot, kapena wina m'banja. Mu nthawi yathu, zodabwitsazi sizikhudza yomweyo mzinda wonse. Komabe, izo zikuyika kumeneko. Ndipo akusonyeza kufufuza kuchoka ndi ...

Ife kubwerera kwa kusewera ndi Ostrovsky. Pangani "mdima Ufumu" kusewera "Mvula ya Mkuntho" oimira. zizindikiro zawo wamba - kupezeka kwa likulu ndi kufuna kumalamulira anthu a. Komabe, ulamuliro ndi sayendera wauzimu, kapena zinthu, kapena pa maphunziro. The ndiye kuti wolamulira wankhanza akhale akutali, kuwamana luso lake kutsogolera, komanso kuwamana kukambirana (a Kunyanyala). Wankhanza amphamvu, komabe iye akuona indispensability ya wokondedwa, ndi kufunika kwa likulu lawo.

Icho chiri mophweka kumana naye umenewu "chimwemwe." Mu Kalinowo kuchita zimenezi sikunali kotheka. Mu nthawi yathu, awa alipodi.