MD - waweruzidwa mutu wa madokotala abwino. Mumadziwika MD

MD - aulemu maphunziro mutu. The mphoto amalemekezedwa yekha Antchito makampani, tikutha bwino ndithu, osati ntchito zachipatala, komanso maphunziro zomwe zikukhudza zovuta mankhwala.

Kuti kupereka mlingo maphunziro?

Mutu wa Doctor of Sciences Medical ndi mlingo wokweretsa kwa asayansi onse mu USSR ndi Russia. Nthawi yomweyo motere udindo wa phungu. Ku mayunivesite zoweta awarding izo chofunika kupeza pulofesa. Popanda ichi sikutheka nawo mpikisano ziwalo.

Mu Russia, digiri izi kupereka kwa Presidium wa Apamwamba Umboni Commission kwa Utumiki wa Education ndi Science Federal. Choyamba izo imawunikidwa monga zapita digirii nkhani yolembedwa.

Pankhaniyi, wodandaulayu digiri ya Doctor of Medicine ayenera kale ndi digiri ya phungu wa sayansi.

Mu zolemba pamaphunziro ake digirii mfundo ongolankhula ayenera kukulitsa zimene zingathe kukhala zinthu zinazake zikuluzikulu sayansi anafotokoza. Kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothetsa vuto lalikulu asayansi mtengo yofunika zambiri ntchito sayansi kuti chichitidwe. MD akhoza chilolezo chokhala izi pokhapokha chitetezo cha malingaliro awo kwa omvetsera wolemekezeka.

Latsopano la Russia, dokotala wa sayansi akhoza kukhala mu 23 minda ya sayansi, kuyambira mankhwala ndi zamoyo ndi zomangamanga, maphunziro ndi jurisprudence.

Ndi angati Russian madokotala?

Pazaka zaka 20 chiwerengero cha madokotala Russia kuchuluka kwambiri, anakhala ambiri amene amapangitsa kukula mankhwala. Doctor of Medicine mpake kulandira udindo. Ngati mu 1995 panali osachepera 20 miliyoni, ngakhale kuti akatswiri onse ndi maphunziro apamwamba anali oposa 116.000, mu masiku awa pamene kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zopalira madigiri maphunziro (iwo okha pang'ono kuposa 100 zikwi), madokotala anali more - 25 wosamvetseka anthu zikwi.

Ndiko kuti, ngati kale PhD anali mmodzi mwa kafukufuku asanu ndi digiri maphunziro, koma lero aliyense chachinayi. Dziwani kuti mmodzi wa iwo zimachitika okhawo amene amachita chitukuko sayansi chiwerengero cha ofufuza madokotala Russia kwambiri.

PhD kunja

Ndithu anena zimene mutu maphunziro limafanana ndi Russian dokotala wa mankhwala kunja, sikutheka. amafuna osiyana kwambiri ndi makhalidwe a madigiri digirii mu maiko osiyanasiyana.

Pankhaniyi, ndi mayiko ena, dziko lathu walemba mapangano ankazindikira tonse zikalata kutsimikizira madigiri maphunziro.

Mwachitsanzo, mu 2003, pangano yosainidwa ndi France. Malinga ndi iye, French dokotala wa sayansi poyerekeza Russian phungu wa sayansi mankhwala. MD pa nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi zolembedwa, palibe mnzake lolingana.

A pangano ofanana yosainidwa ndi Germany. Only pano kuwonjezera kuti PhD Russian limafanana ndi German ziyeneretso Habilitation maphunziro.

Mu Germany, kutchuka madigiri ndi udindo wa unduna wa Mayiko.

Wotchuka Russian asayansi zachipatala

PhDs mwa ukatswiri ambiri mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Koma mwina kwambiri pakati madokotala mtima. madokotala izi mwachindunji tsiku lililonse kumenyera miyoyo ya odwala, ntchito zawo kudzadalira mwachindunji mmene ena tsogolo la anthu ndi ngati icho chimapita.

Otchuka Russian mtima dokotala, MD, Professor Renat Suleimanovich Akchurin. Lero ntchito pa Russian mtima Research ndi Yopanga ovuta. Dr. Udindo anali kumbuyo mu 1985.

Ophunzitsidwa mu zipatala zabwino mu US, kwenikweni kudziwika monga katswiri, amene akufotokozera patsogolo nthambi ya mankhwala amachita zinthu ndi anthu ochepa ambiri - ndi mtima reconstructive opaleshoni ya mtima, kuti wanyamula ntchito yapadera microsurgery pulasitiki.

Zikomo mabuku oposa 300 asayansi otchuka Russian ndi yachilendo magazini mankhwala analandira udindo wa Doctor of Medicine. Moscow wabweretsa osati dokotala odziwika bwino, chifukwa apa pali amphamvu sukulu zoweta zachipatala.

Mu Russia, izo kudziwika kwambiri monga imodzi mwa njira lapadera othandizira wa kumuika zala potsuka, ntchito zovuta kubwezeretsa dzanja anthu. Wotchuka kwambiri mu 1996, amene anapatsidwa kuchita opaleshoni ya mtima pa Pulezidenti Russian Boris Yeltsin. Inatsekeratu mtsempha wamagazi kulambalala kumezetsanitsa anali ndondomeko bwino kwa zaka zina zinayi mankhwala kunapangitsa kuti dziko la.

Siberia Dr.

Wapadera madokotala osati likulu, komanso akutali malire ake. Mwachitsanzo, Alsou Nelaeva - m'thupi yemwenso, MD. Tyumen ndi katswiri kiyi m'munda wake.

Digiri ku specialization awo kumbuyo mu 1997. Cholinga ndi phunziro la shuga ndi mtima zosokonezeka pambuyo ntchito. Mwakhama Ntchito sayansi. Motsogozedwa ake, ali 5 ofufuza analandira udindo wa phungu wa Sciences Medical. MD maphunziro mpaka chimodzi chokha.

Ndipo Nelaeva osati umadzipereka ku ntchito za maphunziro, komanso akupitiriza madokotala. Motsogozedwa ake, ntchito Tyumen endocrinological dispensary.

katswiri wina yaikulu m'dera la Russia - Irina Vasilevna Medvedeva. Komanso ndi m'thupi yemwenso, MD. Tyumen ndi rector wa State Medical University.

specialization ake zikuphatikizapo mafunso dietetics, zakudya zabwino ndi kudyetsa ana amene kale chidwi asayansi otchuka.

phungu awo ndi dissertations digirii kumbuyo Professor Krylov, amenenso anali ndi chidwi pa nkhani imeneyi. Iwo amavomereza kuti luso Russian wasayansi, lero, pansi pa utsogoleri wake, sukulu ntchito mbali zonse zotheka wa mankhwala. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa ankhanza chakudya matenda osiyanasiyana.

Author zikwi zokhudza sayansi

Mmodzi wa madokotala otchuka mu Russia - Hatkov Igor Evgenevich. MD, Ph.D., pulofesa.

Mu likulu anatsogolera chipatala Research Center, imene m'mbuyomo apadera kokha gastroenterology. Lero pakati ndi ndawala zosiyanasiyana malangizo dokotala. MD Hatkov Igor Evgenevich komanso akutsogolera Dipatimenti ya opaleshoni ku likulu la Medical ndi Owona Zamano University. Komanso, yunivesite akukonzekera mano komanso ndi imodzi mwa mayunivesite wopambana mu dzikoli, omwe kukonzekera akatswiri motsogozedwa "Medicine". Komanso, komanso ndi wina wa yunivesite yakale zachipatala Russia, posachedwapa chikondwerero chikumbutso ake 90.

Khatkov yekha mbadwa ya Saratov Medical School. Anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa wake pa nkhani zokhudza mankhwalawa kudwala opaleshoni, ndipo analandira digiri pa ntchito yake pa kupewa mavuto mu laparoscopy. Ndi njira zamakono opaleshoni imene ntchito zonse imachitika kudzera amacheka asang'ambe yaing'ono. Pamene madokotala anali kuchita mabala zambiri kuchita opaleshoni.

Iye yekha ndiye mlembi wa zoposa zikwi zokhudza sayansi. Kuyambira 2014 iye kwambiri chinkhoswe ndi mavuto a khansa, chifukwa chakuti matendawa ali posachedwapa zatchuka kwambiri Russia.

Dokotala kwa Mulungu

Iwo kotero watchulidwa dokotala wina wotchuka, maphunziro a Saratov Institute Medical. Nikolay Romanovich Ivanov - MD, ku 60s m'ma pa mapeto a moyo wake walunjika dipatimenti ya matenda Dokotala opatsirana pa yunivesite Saratov. Zaka pafupifupi 30, kuchokera 1960 1989, iye anatsogolera bungwe ili.

Amphamvu ofufuza za sayansi amene zoyenera kafukufuku wa sayansi pa sepsis, matenda pachimake matumbo ndipo Katemera.

MD, Professor Ivanov anabadwa mu dera Penza mu 1925. Mu sukulu zachipatala analowa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo mu 1942.

ntchito yake yoyamba sayansi - nkhani yolembedwa mbuye - poteteza Professor Zhelyabovsky matenda ndi mankhwala a tayifodi odwala amene analandira katemera. Ambiri a moyo wake zoyenera kuphunzira matenda opatsirana ana. Iwo anaphunzira matenda osiyana - chikuku, diphtheria, chofiira malungo, poliyo ndi ena ambiri.

Kuliganizira ndi maphunziro ake pa kupewa oyambirira a matenda opatsirana. Zotsatira othandiza anali kukula kwa chiwerengero cha malangizo katemera wa ana ndi akulu ndi mliri ndi kolera, zomwe zinali zofunika kwambiri makamaka mu zaka.

Ivanov anakhazikitsako muyezo umene zothandiza kwambiri ndi katemera ndi chikuku ndi mumps. Bwinobwino ankafufuza matenda staphylococcal. The njira zopewera matenda pachimake m'mimba mwa ana ndi achinyamata.

Ndi ngongole yake - m'munsi mu Russian sukulu mtundu wa matenda Dokotala opatsirana. Iye anali woyang'anira zoteteza dissertations zoposa 40, umene pafupifupi theka la doctorates. Onse zoyenera mavuto enieni matenda opatsirana, osati akulu komanso ana.

Ivanov nayenso anakhala awathandize bwinobwino mazana omaliza maphunziro a Saratov Institute Medical komwe anakagwira ntchito rector. Pa utsogoleri wake yunivesite ali kawiri chiwerengero cha ana, 32 m'madipatimenti zatsopano zinatsegulidwa. Pakati pawo, neurosurgery, outpatient Pediatrics, woyamba mu Soviet Union Dipatimenti ya hematology. Ntchito yomanga zipatala latsopano, m'zipinda zogona ophunzira.

Nikolay Romanovich Ivanov anamwalira mu 1989 pa msinkhu wa zaka 64. Iye anaikidwa mu mzinda, amene anakhala moyo wake wamkulu, Saratov.

Scientist panthawiyi, dokotala

Limodzi la asayansi waukulu Russian m'munda wa hematology - Andrey Vorobiev, Professor, Doctor wa Sciences Medical. Anabadwa mu 1928 ku likulu. Academician ya Russian Academy of Sciences, Mutu wa Institute of hematology ndi akayakaya Scientific-Research. Mutu woyamba wa unduna wa zaumoyo la Chitaganya cha Russia. chopereka Aika ndi kufufuza m'munda wa Oncology ndi hematology ndi cheza Medicine.

Makolo Andrei Ivanovich anali Bolshevik chosintha ndi zinachitikira kwambiri. malingaliro Lenin analalikira pamaso pa October kuukira boma. Pa nthawi yomweyo chinkhoswe mu sayansi ndi mankhwala ntchito. Koma ngakhale uyu sanali kuwapulumutsa ku kupondereza Stalinist. Atate Ivan, ntchito monga dokotala, anawomberedwa mu 1936, mayi wa dziko Samuilovna pasanathe chaka chotsatira m'ndende kwa zaka 10 ku misasa yozunzira. Paulo pa nthawiyo anali ndi zaka 13.

Pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, anayamba ntchito yake, anagwira ntchito nyumba zojambulajambula. Mu 1947 analowa Moscow Medical Institute. Atalandira maphunziro zachipatala anayamba ntchito yake dokotala Volokolamsk chigawo kuchipatala. Apo iye makamaka pathological thunthu, Pediatrics ndi mankhwala.

Kuyambira 1956 amayamba kuchita mbali mu sayansi. Akulowa nzika Professor Kassirsky nayamba kwambiri kuchita hematology.

M'munda umenewu tikugwiritsa patsogolo zofunika. Mu 1971 iye anakhala mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti ya hematology pa Institute Central, mwaukadauloZida Medical.

Pambuyo tsoka pa Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu wakhala mmodzi wa initiators yaikulu ya boma komiti zachipatala Andrei Vorobyov. MD, pulofesa yekha analowa kapangidwe kake ndi ankafufuza zotsatira achire kwambiri amene anakhudzidwa ndi ngoziyo.

Kumapeto kwa 80 ukulemekezedwa dziko, katswiri m'munda wa hematology. Choncho, wobwezera Director wa Institute lomwe tsopano n'kukhala malo hematology, ntchito pansi pa ulamuliro wa Russian Academy of Sciences Medical. Ndi positi mkulu Vorobyov okha mu 2011, pamene adali mu '83.

Mu 1991, Andrey Vorobev anasankhidwa kukhala nduna loyamba Health m'mbiri Russian. Komabe, mu positi sizinakhalitse, pang'ono poyerekeza ndi chaka, m'malo ndi Eduard Aleksandrovich Nechaev.

Amene anatulukira chimfine nkhumba?

Dzina Andreya Vorobeva - Pavel Andreevich Vorobev, MD, pulofesa kudziwika chifukwa mawu ake choyambirira anadzipereka nkhumba chimfine mliri. Iye ndi pulezidenti wa Society of maphunziro pharmacological yapakati-Regional, kotero maganizo ake liti limene ambiri.

Malinga ndi iye, nkhumba chimfine - matenda zopeka kwathunthu makampani opanga mankhwala. Cholinga cha kukomeza zonse izi ndi imodzi yokha - kupanga ndalama zongopeka nkhaniyi monga ndalama kuli kotheka.

Opanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana, monga Pavel Vorobiev, Professor, Doctor wa Sciences Medical mwadala zingakweze ndi kukomeza kulimbikitsa mitundu yonse ya katemera ndi mankhwala tizilombo. Ndi unyolo uwu ndi onse malonda ndi ndalama - kanjedza anthu udachita likulu ndale, atolankhani ndalama zabwino pamene kulemba za matenda zokopa yatsopano, ndi madotolo ndi chinachake kuchiritsa odwala. Limodzi mwa mavuto kwambiri chisamaliro zipatala zamakono - matenda zongopeka.

Komanso amalamula Vorobyov, mfundo "fictitious" sayenera kumwedwa kwenikweni. matenda amenewa kukhalapo, koma mmene awo ndi zotsatira za izi anthu kwambiri akukokomeza. Nthawi zina, iwo amatamanda ndi katundu modabwitsa sikuti kulilandira.

Kubuka matenda zamatsenga ndi zachilendo masiku ano amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Malinga ndi lipoti la nyuzipepala, iwo ankayenera kuti achotse miyoyo ya anthu ambiri a anthu. Komabe, izi sizichitika, ndipo pa maziko a zoterozo aya chimphona patsogolo osauka makampani pharmacological. Ndipo si monga nkhumba chimfine, koma misala matenda ng'ombe, ndi chimfine mbalame, ndi SARS.

Nthawi zonse kumenyana nawo allocated njira zosaganizika. Tikuyankhula zokhudza mamiliyoni ndi mabiliyoni ambiri ndipo mayuro. Ponena kwenikweni za chimfine nkhumba, Vorobiev kumabweretsa kanjedza youma ziwerengero. Mwachitsanzo, m'chaka chathachi mwa matenda onse HIV dziko, chiwerengero cha chimfine nkhumba sanali maperesenti oposa 5. Pa ndalama yemweyo nthawi polimbana ndi matenda wakhala allocated mofanana kuposa iye amakonda.

Choncho mapeto munthu ayenera kuchita nokha. Koma m'pofunika kulabadira, ngati nthenda anatsindika chidwi kwambiri kwa atolankhani, akatswiri mankhwala, zikuoneka kuti vuto lenileni kwambiri mpweya. Ndipotu aliyense amafuna yokha ndalama zochuluka kulimbana matenda.

The dokotala, amene sanalembedwe mankhwala umodzi

Ndicho chimene iwo akunena za dokotala wotchuka SERGEY Bubnovsky. Uyu ndi munthu ndi mbiri wapadera. Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 22, Sergei anali pa ngozi yoopsa kwambiri galimoto, anapulumuka kukomoka. Komabe, ngakhale kuti maulosi a madokotala, kuyima pa mapazi ake ndi kuyamba kukhala ndi moyo wonse. Ngoziyo koopsa chinkhoswe mu mankhwala, iye walandira maphunziro apadera ndipo anayamba achire wake njira yomwe kenako setifiketi. Ndiyamika njira zake, iye anachotsa ndodo ndi lero ikuyenda momasuka munthu wathanzi.

MD Bubnovsky - anayambitsa kinesitherapy. Izi ndi njira zina za mankhwala a matenda aakulu, chimene chili chakuti yomwenso chachikulu si mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi nkhokwe mkati mwa thupi la munthu. Bubnovsky amanena kuti ngati inu kuphunzira kumvetsa thupi lanu, mungaphunzire kupirira matenda iliyonse.

Doctor wa Medical Sciences la Russia ambiri ndithu oterewa mitala. Amakhala pogwira chithandizo mothandizidwa ndi kayendedwe udakali chabe wodwala, komanso kwambiri chidwi linaperekedwa kwa physiotherapists. Bubnovsky katswiri khalidwe limeneli kwa zaka zoposa 30.