Mbiya malita: angati wina migolo lita

Pali mochulukira bwino kuti kuyambira tili ana ndi ntchito kulikonse: lita, mita, kilogalamu. Ndipo pali anthu, limene tiyenera kupeza njira mozungulira - mwachitsanzo, mu ndondomeko kuwerenga. Iwo mapaundi ndi mtunda poods ndi muyezo. Pali migolo - mawu otanthauza mabuku, nthawi zonse inadutsa malipoti kuwombola, pa kulengezedwa kwa mtengo wa mafuta. Pali funso lovomerezeka: angati malita pa 1 mbiya ya mafuta?

Pamaso poyesa kufotokoza mbiya malita, muyenera kumvetsa zimene mawu otanthauza.

Ku funso la mbiri

Mu English mawu "Mosungira" - mbiya. Migolo akhala kusamutsidwa mowa, chochuluka ndi zipangizo zina. Ndi chitukuko cha ulimi mafuta komanso anayamba kuwapititsa ku muli izi, ndi kuona katundu kuwasindikiza komanso mu mbiya - mbiya.

Koma njira imeneyi mawerengedwe sanali womasuka kwambiri. Choyamba, migolo onse akhale zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuganizira. Lachiwiri, zosiyanasiyana zipangizo nazo mbiya chomwecho, ankasiyana kwambiri kulemera. Kuti ndi lingaliro la "Mosungira" mwina atsogolere magawo ena - mu kulankhula kwina, standardize.

Russian "Mosungira"

Mwa njira, Mulinga chirichonse mu mbiya - ichi wokalamba Russian mwambo. Koma chifukwa kudabwa? Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa akasinja ndi makontena wapadera migolo anali yabwino kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina njira yokha kayendedwe. Ndipo pali chimodzimodzi vuto - kuti concretize lingaliro ili. Kuyeza kapena makumi anai mbiya anali 40 ndowa (Russian "Mosungira" malita anali pafupifupi okwana 492) ndipo ankaona unit mphamvu mowa, fulakesi kapena mafuta hemp. The mowa mbiya anaika ndowa 10 Riga - pang'ono kuposa 12,5. Utomoni kapena ufa, ndi kusungidwa mu mbiya, ankapereka muyeso kulemera, osati buku. Mbiya ya ufa chimalemera mapaundi 10, ndi utomoni - za 9.

Pa dongosolo chinkafunika

Ngati tiyang'ana pa mbiriyakale, kapena kuti n'chiti, yang'anani kupyolera mu mabuku osindikizidwa nthawi mmaiko yosiyana, kusokoneza owerenga chochuluka njira zosiyanasiyana. Mapazi, leagues, mainchesi, mtunda, ambiri mawu European, ndi mayunitsi ntchito mu maiko - zonsezi zovuta osati mlandu, komanso kumvetsa. A movutikira kwambiri ndi kupanda mfundo za ambiguity mfundo inayake. Zinali zovuta ndi kulanda wagawo wina ndi mzake. Monga chinkafunika dongosolo lonse mayunitsi (SI) wakhala anayamba kufunika kwa pachilichonse ena ntchito makilogalamu ndi mamita, komanso ena ofanana zace. dongosolo lino lakhala litazindikiridwa padziko lonse, ngakhale njira kuti izo penapake osiyana.

Komabe, pali maiko ambiri komwe dongosolo chinkafunika ndi anatengera mwalamulo. Makamaka m'mayiko zikuphatikizapo United States. Zimenezi kunapezeka kuti zofunika kwa chiwerengero cha miyeso wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, kukula CD, ma TV opendekera ndi zina zotero. N. Dziko nthawi amayezedwa mainchesi. Kunyamuka kwa dongosolo chinkafunika zimawonedwa mu yapachiweniweni ndege, navigation - apa kugwiritsira ntchito wakale akuti "mapazi" ndiponso "kilomita". Si unit chinkafunika ndi mbiya.

Mbiya ngati muyeso wa buku

Nthawi zina, pamene iye anamva za nambala ya mbiya, ife tikuyesera kuti atembenuke zotsatira mu matani. Zimenezi, ngakhale kuli kotheka ndithu ndi chidziwitso cha thupi yeniyeni ya nkhaniyo, koma osati zoonadi. Migolo zimaonetsa buku ndi tani - kulemera. Zambiri zomveka kusamutsa migolo kwambiri ochiritsira wagawo voliyumu, mwachitsanzo, kuti tipeze angati malita mu mbiya? Ndipotu - zingati?

Yankho la funso limeneli si zolungama, monga osokoneza ndiponso maganizo "Mosungira". Mwachitsanzo, English mbiya malita adzakhala zopanda 163,65. Komabe, ndi mtengo lisinthike mobwerezabwereza. English mbiya buku ankadalira zimene anali mpandawo mbiya (mowa kapena ale), komanso osiyana zaka zosiyana. Pakati pa 15 m'ma mowa mbiya anali 166,36 malita, ndipo kuyambira 1824 - 163,66.

Koma 1 mbiya malita akhoza kufika 119,24 ndipo ngati izo zifika ku vinyo American. Lingaliro la "Mosungira" ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi ena, ndi zosagwirizana chinkafunika, amaona buku - magaloni ndi hogsheads. Mu US, muyeso wa buku la mbiya mowa ndi 31 malita, koma zimakwana zikanakhala zosiyana kwa mitundu ina ya madzimadzi - 31,5 magaloni (0.5 hogsheads). Pankhani ya muyeso wa yankho chochuluka kwa funso, kodi malita pa 1 mbiya ambiri, adzakhala 115.6 (a mtengo otchedwa youma-mbiya).

About mbiya mafuta

Komabe nthawi zambiri mawu akuti "mbiya" ntchito mu m'zigawo ndi mayendedwe a mafuta. Lingaliro la mbiya ya mafuta amapita kalekale: mafuta yotengedwa ndi munthu kuchokera kalelo. A chidebe limodzi kwa zoyendera mankhwala kulibe, ena ntchito migolo matabwa, koma munthu amachita ndi zikopa. Koma kukula mofulumira kupanga mafuta zana la 19 kunayambitsa funso wa maonekedwe wa muli abwino kwambiri. Komanso, pamaso pa ubongo osiyana kovuta malonda ndi zoyendera anapezazo, ndi mtengo wa mafuta ndi zofunika kuti asankhe, pa maziko a mbiya imodzi.

Mu 1866 ku Pennsylvania (USA) anakomana oilmen angapo palokha. Mwa zina anakambirana ndi funso za chidebe muyezo katundu mafuta. msonkhano zinachititsa harmonization a muyezo mbiya, woimira buku la 42 malita. Kodi ndindalama mu miyeso zambiri ochiritsira? 1 mbiya ya mafuta pa lita adzakhala 149.

N'chifukwa 42 malita?

Koma chifukwa amatengedwa monga maziko buku choterocho? chakuti kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 18 losindikizidwa ng'oma voliyumu nkhuni 42 malita adzakhala muyezo zoyendera. Mu muli ngati kusamutsidwa nsomba ndi mafuta, mchewere ndi vinyo, komanso mankhwala ena. Migolo ya kukula izi zinali mu mulingo woyenera awo: aakulu kwambiri osati chochepa, komanso anaika pa kupezeka pamene mabwato ndi nsanja. Ndi kunyamula ndi kusuntha mbiya zonse za mafuta, anatha munthu.

Choncho, kusankha oilmen American anali ndithu kumvetsa komanso wolungama. Mu 1872, a Association of opanga mafuta mu 42 galoni mbiya American anali wovomerezeka monga muyezo. Ndipo ngakhale tsopano palibe mafuta mu migolo kwa Amakweza (Mwaichi pali mathanki ndi mapaipi), koma mbiya akadali gulu la muyeso mu malonda mafuta dziko.

Pa ubwino wa mbiya

Koma si yabwino kuyeza kaya anali kutulutsa mafuta tonnes monga malasha anayeza tirigu, zitsulo ndi feteleza? Chifukwa chimodzi kwa unpopularity matani - osiyana kachulukidwe mafuta; sukulu Russian kwa pachimake, mtengo wake akhoza zimasiyana makilogalamu 820 kuti 905,5 pa mita kiyubiki. Mofananamo, kusintha kulemera kwa lililonse limakhala ndi buku ake. Ndipo ngati yankho ku funso la mawu mbiya ya mafuta malita, kungakhale ndithu ndendende, kudziwa sikelo yake ndi kale penapake kovuta.

Kotero kuti muyeso wa mafuta opangidwa ndi kugulitsidwa buku, osati mwa thupi, zambiri yabwino. Ngati ife kuganizira mfundo yakuti mafuta watengedwera kunyamula kudzera mathanki ndi akasinja, mipope mmwamba, ntchito amenewa unit, monga mbiya, ndi wosatsutsika. Komabe, pa msika zoweta, monga kuyenera dziko, malonda mafuta zichitike matani, kotero kuti agwire kutembenuka mu thupi ndi buku pa mwake akadali zofunika. Apa m'pofunika kuganizira za mtundu wa mafuta , ndi osalimba ake amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwerengera zinthu zapadera za kutembenuka.

Mtengo wa mafuta

Koma mayunitsi alibe kuyeza m'zigawo "golide wakuda" kulipira mafuta akadali analandira madola pa mbiya. Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa manambalawo lalikulu, ndipo izi zimakhudza osati chuma cha dziko, komanso kutukula chuma ndi ndale padziko lonse. N'zosatheka overstate kufunika kwa mafuta kupanga dziko, komanso cholowa mu Kusakaniza mafuta padziko lonse. Monga momwe zilili ndi chofunika ina, mtengo wa mafuta zimadalira buku la kupanga ndi mowa.

Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo mtengo wa mafuta anakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zina zambiri kupanga World inamangidwa moti kukula kwa "golide wakuda" si kumachepetsa mowa wake, koma mafuta kupanga kuchepa kungayambitse nyamuka lakuthwa mu mitengo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mafuta mitengo ochuluka ndinamverera chigawo ndale; osewera zambiri adzaoneka pa siteji dziko, pofuna kuchepetsa kapena kuukitsa mtengo wa mafuta, malingana ndi zofuna zawo. Mwa njira, mtengo wa mafuta mwachindunji amadalira mtengo wa gasi. Choncho pafupifupi nkhondo ya nthawi yotsiriza ndi kuoneka bwino "mafuta" chizindikiro.

Ndipo kachiwiri pa mbiya

Mbiya - muyeso voliyumu. Komabe ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito koma si tanthauzo chokha cha mawu amenewa. Mbiya - mmodzi wa mawu a yosawerengeka (khadi masewera). Mawu "Mosungira" pazifukwa zina yafala mayina a zinthu zosiyana - kuchokera kampani ndalama ku kalabu usiku.