Mbiri ndi anthu a m'dera Kaliningrad. Mizinda yaikulu ya dziko Amber

Dera Kaliningrad ndi wapadera m'njira zambiri. Ndi kumadzulo Akuluakulu a ku Russia ndi enclave kokha mkati mwake. Kaliningrad Region anthu ndi ethnically osiyanasiyana, ndi mizinda yake - ndi zomangamanga wapadera ndi zowawa za East Prussian.

Kaliningrad dera - wapadera ndi chidwi m'mphepete

Kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, April 7, 1946, Koenigsberg dera unakhazikitsidwa. Patapita miyezi ingapo izo nalo dzina lake pano. Izi ndi zodabwitsa ndi zokongola kwambiri dera la Russia, umene uli kwambiri zimene wapadera.

Choyamba, dera alibe malire wamba dziko ndi zina Russia. Kum'mwera izo malire ndi Poland kumpoto ndi kum'mawa - ndi Lithuania. Kumadzulo ndi osambitsidwa ndi madzi a Baltic Nyanja ozizira. Malo onse a dera Kaliningrad - pang'ono kuposa 15 zikwi makilomita lalikulu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wamng'ono wa nzika RF.

Kaliningrad Region anthu - anthu 976,000 (as a 2016). m'dera la Russia wapafupi Europe, osati mwachirengedwe, komanso maganizo. Maonekedwe a kamangidwe ka malo ndi chimodzimodzi chidwi. Old German zomangamanga ndi pamodzi ndi chachikulu nyumba Soviet-nyengo ndi masiku ano Russian zomangamanga.

Kaliningrad dera zimakhudza zinthu zachilengedwe. Choyamba ndi, ndithudi, za Amber. Mu nkhani Russian dera pafupifupi 90% ya ulimi padziko lonse "resins malasha".

Koma wapadera zachilengedwe Amber m'mphepete si zochepa. Choncho, mu dera Kaliningrad yekha mu Baltic Nyanja, ayezi doko, dziko yaitali mchenga malovu (UNESCO otetezedwa), ndi phenomenal paini yakhalapo 'kuvina Forest' ndi makungwa a mitengo oddly zopotoka, ndi zina zambiri zosangalatsa ndi zachilendo.

Mbiri ya m'deralo

Kwa nthawi yaitali malowa anali yofunika chikhalidwe malo a East Prussia. Ndipotu ikufotokoza kwambiri "German" kuda mu mizinda ndi midzi ya makono Kaliningrad chigawo: mipingo njerwa, cholimbikitsa, forts, miyala wakale amaika mumsewu mu misewu, ndi zina zotero ..

Kwa zaka zingapo, dziko lino anali nawo pakati pa Zitsulo ndi Lithuanians, Germany ndi Russian. Mu unawonongedwa 1945, malinga anasankha pa Yalta ndi Potsdam misonkhano, Amber anayenda kupita m'mphepete mwa USSR. July 4, 1946, Königsberg wakale anadzatchedwa Kaliningrad, ndi m'dera anatchedwa Kaliningrad.

Nkhondo wachititsa kuwonongeka kwambiri kuti dera. Theka la zovuta zake mafakitale anawonongedwa. Pafupifupi 80% ya thumba nyumba ya Königsberg wakale anawonongedwa. mavuto onse kumanganso mzinda ndi chuma dera anagwa pa mapewa unakhetsedwa yaitali motero nkhondo Soviet ulamuliro.

Kaliningrad Region

Pambuyo nkhondo kuthetsa wa dera Kaliningrad amatchedwa migrations lalikulu m'mbiri ya Soviet Union. Kumapeto kwa 40s pano anthu massively kuchokera m'madera osiyanasiyana a ufumu wa - kuchokera Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Armenia, Uzbekistan. Pa nthawi yomweyo dera inathamangitsidwa zamakolo German anthu.

Pakuti zaka makumi atatu zoyambirira pambuyo nkhondo (1950 mpaka 1979) anthu a m'dera Kaliningrad anakula ndendende kawiri. Mu zaka zapitazi, chiwerengero cha anthu m'dera lino la dziko, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono, koma kukula. Malinga ndi kafukufuku zaziwerengero, ndi 2030 anthu a m'dera Adzagonjetsa chotchinga cha anthu miliyoni.

Lero, mu dera Kaliningrad anthu oimira mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu. Yaikulu ya iwo:

• Russian (82%);
• Chiyukireniya (3.5%);
• Byelorussians (3,4%);
• Chilituyaniya (1%);
• Chiameniya (1%);
• Germany (zosakwana 1%);
• Chitata (zosakwana 1%).

Modern utsogoleri-Kupititsa Chigawo cha m'dera

Ndi angati utsogoleri mayunitsi ndi dera Kaliningrad? Madera a m'dera Western Akuluakulu a ku Russia ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake kukula ndi anthu. A okwana 15. dera lalikulu kwambiri m'chigawo - Slavskii (ndi malo omwewo utsogoleri), ndi laling'ono - Svetlogorsk.

Administrative magawano dera amapereka magawano mu mtengo mzinda dera (pali 6) ndi matauni ang'onoang'ono (wina).

Kaliningrad Region Cities

Mlingo wa mizinda m'chigawo ndi okwanira. Ndi pafupifupi 77%. Zonse mwa dera, pali mizinda 22. Likulu la dera ndi Kaliningrad, amene ali kunyumba pafupifupi 60% ya chonse cha anthu a m'deralo.

Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri ya m'dera Kaliningrad zalembedwa mu tebulo (dzina lakale ndi chiwerengero cha anthu):

Kumbali ya zokopa alendo mizinda chidwi kwambiri: Kaliningrad, Baltiysk, Chernyakhovsk, Pravdinsk, Neman Zelenogradsk.

Kaliningrad ndi yotchuka chifukwa Amber wake Museum, manda nzeru zapamwamba Kant, komanso zingapo Fortova maofesi. Pravdinsk, Sitima, Chernyakhovsk ndi Sovietsk kukopa alendo oldness wa zomangamanga German ndipo Baltic Neman - kwa zipilala zake ambiri mbiri. Svetlogorsk ndi Zelenogradsk - waukulu pogwiritsa wa dera Kaliningrad.