Mayendedwe: masaizi osiyanasiyana. Milingo yabwino imathandiza mulimi wa mayendedwe

Ndi wapadera zimakhudza msonkhano umene uli mbali ya thandizo kutsinde zothandiza ndi onsewo kapena anagubuduza yotsirizira popanda imfa mikangano mphamvu. Pali mitundu ingapo ya zigawo zikuluzikulu. Pankhaniyi, kukula kwa mayendedwe mu Nthawi zambiri malamulo ndi GOST.

mitundu

Mfundo za mtundu uwu ntchito mafakitale ndi kumabungwe ena a chuma kwambiri ambiri. Pali hydrostatic, gasi malo amodzi, mayendedwe maginito, ndi magulu ena. Komabe, mitundu ambiri ndi kupulumuka mfundo ndi kugudubuzika. Malinga ndi katundu anazindikira onse a magulu amenewa anawagawa:

• zozungulira;

• kugonjetsedwa;

• okhota kukhudzana.

mayendedwe anagubuduza

Zinthu zazikulu za mfundo mtundu uwu ndi mipira kapena odzigudubuza ili pa mtunda wina ndi mzake mu chofukizira wapadera, wotchedwa olekanitsa. Mu ndondomekoyi, iwo falitsani zimakhudza pa matayala kwa mphete ziwiri, mmodzi amene nthawi zambiri ndi malo amodzi. Mfundo za mtundu uwu ntchito makampani kwambiri. mfundo ndi yakuti poyerekeza ndi mayendedwe wamanja, ali m'njira zambiri. Kwa iwo monga mikangano makamaka otsika ndi pang'ono kumwa lubricant. Chomasuka ntchito ndi unsembe - izi ndi zimene kusiyana mayendedwe amenewa. Mfundo (GOST nthawi kukula) mayunitsi amenewa akupezeka matebulo wapadera. Choncho, kupeza oyenera pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana, kubala osati khama kwambiri. Mfundo za mtundu uwu angasankhe mwamtheradi aliyense kapangidwe mtundu.

Kudziwa kugwedera ndi mantha - ndi drawback kokha, kumene amasiyana mayendedwe amenewa. Mfundo yopanga awo ayenera kutsata. Akanapanda kutero sukhalitsa kwa nthawi yaitali.

Mitundu ya mayendedwe anagubuduza

Kuwonjezera pa maganizo a mtundu umenewu mfundo anawagawira m'magulu malinga ndi muyezo zotsatirazi:

• Inasinthira zinthu kugudubuzika. Chikutanthauza kusiyanitsa mpira ndi wodzigudubuza mayendedwe. Anagubuduza zinthu pamene mtundu yamasika kungakhale conical, cylindrical, singano woboola pakati, zopotoka, mbiya woboola pakati, ndi zina zotero. D.

• Malinga ndi luso samoustanovleniya. Pankhaniyi, kusiyanitsa ozungulira ndi nesamoustanavlivayuschiesya mayendedwe.

• Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu kugudubuzika. Pali limodzi ndi iwiri mayendedwe mzere.

• Mu kukula. Onse opangidwa ndi tsiku zimakhudza mfundo imeneyi anawagawa mndandanda angapo.

Malinga ndi mndandanda pa awiri chomwecho mkati, m'lifupi zimakhudza ndi D ake akunja zingasiyane. Ntchito mayendedwe ali mu msonkhano wa magalimoto, njinga, makina oyendera mphepo ndi zina zotero D..

miyeso

Makulidwe a mtundu uwu mfundo amasonyeza GOST 3478-79. Pamene zimakwaniritsidwa analandira mphamvu ndi cholimba mayendedwe. mfundo amenewa akunena mitundu yonse ya misonkhano wodzigudubuza, kupatula zitsanzo cholinga chapadera, ndi kapangidwe wapadera. Zikatero, zigawo zikuluzikulu angathe kukhala zosiyanasiyana zamitundu, abwino kwambiri kwa kapangidwe makamaka.

Chongani mayendedwe kukula muyezo uliwonse angapo akhoza, monga tanenera kale, matebulo wapadera amene amasonyeza akunja ndi amkati diameters, wamng'ono kukula malire (Rmin), ndipo m'lifupi mwadzina wa mkati ndi kunja mphete (B). Mwachitsanzo, ife kukupatsani tebulo mndandanda kubala diameters 8 (chidule).

More matebulo zambiri zikhoza kupezeka mu mabuku apadera a. Palinso mfundo mu mayendedwe COMPASS - ndi zithunzi mkonzi, anaikira kompyuta kukanathandiza kapangidwe (kapangidwe mu laibulale). Pali matebulo diameters zosiyanasiyana mfundo.

makalasi olondola

Milingo yabwino imathandiza mulimi wa anagubuduza mayendedwe, kotero kuti mungaphunzire pa magome wapadera. Komabe, nthawi zina, alola zolakwika mu miyeso ya GOST. mayendedwe olondola kalasi anawagawa:

• yachibadwa "0";

• "6" molondola mkulu;

• mkulu "5";

• osobovysokoy "4";

• kopitilira muyeso-mkulu "2".

Mfundo kwa nyumba osiyana, akhoza kukhala tolerances bwino chimatanthauza. Choncho Mwachitsanzo, malamulo zimakhudza njinga (608 mtundu) ndi:

• mipira kulolerana - 0 / -0.005;

• lamkati njanji - + 0,0001 / -0,0003;

• akunja mtundu - + 0,0001 / -0,0005.

mayina

Anagubuduza mfundo mayendedwe mu kupanga awo anamvera kuvomerezedwa. Kuti ogula mukhoza kuwona mtundu wa mfundo pamaso pake, ndipo chifukwa chiyani n'zotheka ntchito yapadera mukulemba ntchito. Anasankha mayendedwe zambiri lalembedwa anapereka kwa manambala. Nthawi zina muyezo olemba monga makalata onse. Pankhaniyi:

• Nambala yoyamba kapena kalata kusonyeza mtundu wa kubala.

• Manambala awiri lotsatira kudziwa gulu la mndandanda. Gulu loyamba limasonyeza m'lifupi kapena msinkhu, wachiwiri - m'mimba mwake.

• The manambala ziwiri zapitazi akuimira awiri pa malamulo kutsegula. Ngati ife kuchulukitsa izo ndi 5, tikhoza kupeza ukulu D mu mm.

Milingo yabwino imathandiza mulimi wa mayendedwe 66 414 (mu nkhani iyi kubzala amusankha malinga ndi GOST 3325-85) Mwachitsanzo, motere:

• D - 70 mamilimita;

• D - 180 mamilimita;

• m'lifupi - 42 mamilimita;

• kulemera - 5,74 makilogalamu.

mayendedwe Plain

Mayunitsi wa mtundu uwu zigwirizana ndi zinthu zosiyana kwambiri: a alumikizana zapamadzi ndi pakati pa amene ali lubricants wapadera. Ubwino waukulu mayendedwe izi makamaka nkhawa diameters yaing'ono, komanso kuti tizisankha iwo ndi ntchito detachable kutsinde imavuta kwambiri kapangidwe. The kuipa kwa mfundo za mitundu amaonedwa kukhala yaitali osati kwambiri utumiki moyo ndi kufunika lubricants mtengo.

Mitundu ya mayendedwe Wopanda

Pa nthawi, pali mfundo ya gulu:

• mkulu-liwiro;

• Pulagi (ntchito Mwachitsanzo, mu crankshafts);

• mwatsatanetsatane makina, molondola kukutsogolerani migodi ndi kuwapangitsa kusintha kwa lisaoneke;

• wotchipa otsika liwiro njira;

• anafuna kuti ntchito m'mikhalidwe wapadera (madzi, mapangidwe zikuwononga).

Malinga ndi opaleshoni akafuna kutenga kwa mtundu uwu akhale mikangano madzimadzi kapena semifluid. Mbali yoyamba ya padziko ntchito ya nyumba ndi kutsinde anasiyanitsidwa ndi wosanjikiza m'malo wandiweyani mafuta. Pamene mikangano wosanganiza ndi anawonjezera kuti malire madzi (mafuta mwa filimu woonda kwambiri popangidwa ndi nsinga maselo).

Makulidwe kutsetsereka mayendedwe

Makulidwe malo mu gulu lino limadalira GOST 2795. Data kwa matebulo wapadera - izo ndi zimene chofunika kuganizira ndi kupanga mayendedwe amenewa. Miyezo mu nkhani imeneyi imagwira ntchito magawo monga:

• akunja ndi mkati mwake;

• kutalika (l);

• chamfering gawo (C);

• tolerances (tolerances).

Gome pansipa (condensed) ukufanizidwa ndi masaizi osiyanasiyana a kutsetsereka mayendedwe a mizere osiyana.

Features Zina

Mfundo za mayendedwe kumveka Choncho, mosamalitsa kumatanthauza GOST. Ziletso zina zofunika khalidwe la zipangizo ntchito kwa kupanga awo. Kuchitira nyumba zithunzi, monga tanenera kale, zingakhale lonse kapena kugawanika. Zikatero, kugwirizana kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito zikhomo wapadera kapena akapichi. The Ikani ndi zobala kutsetsereka kupangidwa ngati malaya a. Mu umodzi wagawo chidutswa akhoza kukhala ndi amachepetsa awiri. Pa migodi ku, warping, kawirikawiri wokwera mayendedwe kudziletsa aligning.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mtundu wa mfundo:

• chitsulo (nyumba);

• mkuwa, kuponyedwa chitsulo kapena pulasitiki (kwa mapulagi).

Nthawi zina, koma ndithu yosowa kwambiri, bushings ndi mtengo, kapena chipboard.

zofunikira

Choncho, mayendedwe miyezo (kapena kani, awo kukhazikitsa) kulola kubala pazipita quality, yokhalitsa ndi ntchito zabwino. ndi mfundo ya gulu amafunika zotsatirazi:

• The katundu ndi mamangidwe a mayendedwe kutsetsereka akhale monga kupereka osachepera mikangano pakati pa nyumba ndi wamanja.

• Mphamvu ndi chinthu chimodzimodzi wagawo akhale ngati kuti akhoza kulimbana potsegula aliyense ankafuna.

• Alendo pazipita kuphweka zimakhudza kamangidwe. Pa unsembe pasakhale mavuto.

• Kubala mayendedwe kuti ali pamwamba okwanira kukhetsa zikuchitika pa ntchito m'dera kutentha.

Kodi

Kupanga mayendedwe zomveka akugudubuka mabizinezi wapadera lalikulu, kawirikawiri kupanga zokambirana ziwiri: matenthedwe ndi makina. Assembly mizere zomera zimenezi nthawi ntchito mode basi. Pambali masitolo Komanso anaika makina amakono kupopera.

Mu dziko lathu wotchuka kwambiri ndi mayunitsi yotentha ndi opanga m'banja komanso mu Switzerland (SKF). SKF mayendedwe muyezo ndi amodzi mu Russian.