Mawerengedwe a katundu kutentha kwa nyumba Kutentha: chilinganizo Zitsanzo

Pamene angagwiritse dongosolo Kutentha, kaya malonda kapena zogona kapangidwe nyumba, m'pofunika kuchita anapezazo ndi kupanga ophunzira dera chithunzi cha dongosolo magetsi. chidwi kwambiri mfundo imeneyi, akatswiri amalangiza kulipira zosatheka kuwerengetsa katundu matenthedwe pa Kutentha dera, ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi linanena bungwe kutentha.

Kutentha katundu: ndichiyani?

Ndi mawu amenewa amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa kutentha adataya Kutentha zipangizo. A mawerengedwe kuyambirira cha kutentha katundu popewa ndalama zosafunika kwa kupeza zigawo zikuluzikulu za dongosolo Kutentha ndi kukhazikitsa iwo. Komanso, mawerengedwe izi zidzathandiza kuti kugawira kuchuluka kwa kutentha chuma ndi wogawana mu nyumbayi.

Mu kuwerengetsera amenewa kuwonjezekeredwa zambiri zina zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani imene anamanga nyumba, kutchinjiriza, dera ndi zina zotero. Akatswiri tikuyesera kuganizira monga zifukwa zambiri ndi makhalidwe chifukwa zotsatira zolondola.

Yowerengera zolakwa matenthedwe katundu ndi zolakwika zotsatira ntchito inefficient a dongosolo magetsi. Ngakhale zimachitika kuti tiyenera redo zigawo kale dongosolo ntchito, kumene kumakhala zimabweretsa ndalama posakonzekera. Inde, ndi mabungwe zofunikira ndi kuwerengetsa mtengo wa ntchito pa maziko a deta kutentha katundu.

zinthu zofunika kwambiri

Abwino Calculated ndipo anamanga Kutentha dongosolo ayenera kukhalabe kutentha analakalaka chipinda ndi kukwaniritsa kutentha imfa akuwuka. Kuwerengetsera matenthedwe katundu kufunika kusamalira dongosolo nyumba Kutentha:

- Cholinga cha nyumbayi: zogona kapena mafakitale.

- Tsatanetsatane zambiri pa kapangidwe ka zinthu structural. Ndi mazenera, malinga, zitseko, denga ndi dongosolo mpweya wabwino.

- Katundu miyeso. The apamwamba phindu, mphamvu ayenera kukhala dongosolo magetsi. Onetsetsani kuganizira m'dera mipata zenera, zitseko, mpanda kunja ndi buku mkati mwa aliyense.

- Kupezeka kwa zipinda za ulemu (kusamba, anthunzi otulutsirako thukuta, etc.).

- Digiri ya zipangizo zamakono luso. Ndiko kuti, kupezeka kwa madzi otentha, mpweya, mpweya ndi mtundu wa dongosolo magetsi.

- Kutentha osiyanasiyana chifukwa m'chipinda chimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu zipinda anaikira yosungirako, safuna kukhalabe kutentha omasuka munthu.

- The nambala mfundo ndi madzi otentha. The zambiri, koposa dongosolo ndi yodzaza.

- The Malo pamalo Khoma. Zipinda ndi mazenera French kutaya kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kutentha.

- Zowonjezera zinthu. Mu nyumba, kungakhale angapo zipinda, makonde ndi loggias ndi mabafa. The mafakitale - chiwerengero cha masiku ntchito mu Chaka chino, gulu lililonse zamakono unyolo ndondomeko yopanga ndi zina zotero.

- The nyengo ya m'derali. Pamene kuwerengetsa kutentha zomvetsa atengedwa mu nkhani panja kutentha. Ngati kusiyana ndi zazing'ono, ndi malipilo ndi adzasiya pang'ono mphamvu. Koma pa -40 ^{° C} kunja pa zenera izo zidzayenera zolowa kwambiri.

Features njira wogwila

Magawo m'gulu la mawerengedwe a katundu ikukhudzana ali SNIP ndi GOST. Iwo ali ndi masiku apadera kutentha kutengerapo koefishienti. Zitupa zida m'gulu dongosolo Kutentha, mbali digito atengedwa za tanthauzo la Redieta ndi, kukatentha, etc. komanso miyambo .:

- kumwa kutentha, zinatengedwa pa pazipita ola limodzi kachitidwe Kutentha,

- otaya pazipita kutentha akubwera kuchokera Redieta ndi,

- okwana kutentha zomvetsa mu nthawi zina (zambiri - nyengo); ngati mukufuna paola katundu mawerengedwe pa chigawo Kutentha network mawerengedwe a iyenera kuchitikira kutenga nkhani kusintha kutentha masana.

kuwerengetsera The akuyerekezedwa ndi malo amene amadza matenthedwe a dongosolo lonse. Chizindikiro analandira n'ngolondoladi. Ena zolakwika zimachitika. Mwachitsanzo, kwa nyumba mafakitale ayenera kuganizira kuchepetsa mowa matenthedwe mphamvu kumapeto kwa sabata ndi maholide, ndi malo omwe anthu amakhalako - usiku.

Methodology kwa mawerengedwe a kachitidwe Kutentha ndi madigiri angapo molondola. Kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza cholakwa osachepera zofunika ntchito kuwerengetsera mwachilungamo zovuta. Pasanathe yeniyeni chiwembu ntchito pokhapokha n'cholinga choti konza ndalama za dongosolo magetsi.

Njira yaikulu ya mawerengedwe

Pakali pano, ndi mawerengedwe a katundu kutentha kwa Kutentha nyumba akhoza kuchita chimodzi mwa njira ziwiri.

The zitatu zikuluzikulu

1. Pakuti mawerengedwe a akalozera aggregated atengedwa.
2. Kwa ntchito ya nyumbayi zinthu structural maziko a atengedwa. Kudzakhala kofunika ndi mawerengedwe a kutentha zomvetsa kubwera Kumalimbikitsa mkati mpweya voliyumu.
3. Mopitirira ndipo anafotokoza zinthu zonse m'gulu dongosolo magetsi.

chitsanzo chimodzi

Pali njira chachinayi. Iye zolakwa waukulu, popeza kanjedza atengedwa pafupifupi kwambiri, kapena sikokwanira kwa iwo. Ndiko kuti, chilinganizo ichi - Q = Q ₀ * ndi * V _H * (T _ee - T _NRA) komwe:

• Q ₀ - yeniyeni matenthedwe makhalidwe a nyumbayo (zambiri zokonzedwa ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri)
• ndi - kudzudzulidwa Chinthu (malingana ndi dera ndi wachotsedwa magome predefined)
• V _H - buku, masamu ndi ndege kunja kwa thupi.

A mawerengedwe yosavuta

Pakuti nyumba ndi magawo muyezo (kutalika kwa kudenga, kukula chipinda ndi bwino matenthedwe makhalidwe kutchinjiriza) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi yosavuta chiŵerengero chizindikiro kukonzedwa kwa koyefishienti malingana dera.

Kuganiza kuti nyumbayo ili mu dera Arkhangelsk, ndipo malo ake - mamita lalikulu 170. m. Katundu matenthedwe ndi wofanana 17 * 1.6 = 27.2 kW / h.

Chotero tanthauzo la katundu matenthedwe amanyalanyaza zinthu zambiri zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe dongosolo la, kutentha, chiwerengero cha makoma, m'dera chiŵerengero makoma ndi mipata zenera, ndi zina zotero. Choncho anapezazo zimenezi si oyenera ntchito yaikulu Kutentha dongosolo.

Redieta mawerengedwe m'dera

Izo zimatengera zinthu zomwe anapanga. Nthawi zambiri ntchito lero bimetallic, zotayidwa, zitsulo, makamakanso kuponya chitsulo radiators. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi ndalama zake kutentha kutengerapo (matenthedwe mphamvu). radiators Bimetallic pamene mtunda pakati pa nkhwangwa 500 mamilimita ndi kumakhala 180 - 190 Watts. Zotayidwa radiators ndi zayamba ntchito yomweyo.

Kutentha kutengerapo anafotokoza Redieta masamu kwa gawo limodzi. Radiators, zitsulo mbale si lopinda. Choncho, kutentha kutengerapo awo koyefishienti anatsimikiza zochokera kukula kwa chipangizo lonse. Mwachitsanzo, matenthedwe mphamvu mzere Redieta 1100 mamilimita m'lifupi ndi mamilimita 200 kutalika adzakhala 1010 W ndi Redieta gulu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo 500 mamilimita lonse ndi 220 mm kutalika adzakhala 1644 Watts.

The mawerengedwe a m'dera la Redieta ndi tso zotsatirazi magawo zofunika:

- denga kutalika (muyezo - 2,7 m)

- kutentha mphamvu (pa sq M -. 100 W)

- kunja kwa mpanda.

kuwerengetsera amenewa akusonyeza kuti pa 10 mamita lalikulu. mamita ayenera kukhala 1 000 W mphamvu matenthedwe. chotsatirachi lagawidwa ndi polojekitiyi matenthedwe wa gawo limodzi. Yankho ndi nambala chofunika zigawo Redieta.

Pakuti madera a kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu, komanso kumpoto, mwakuchita kutsitsa ndi kulera zinthu.

Avereji ya mawerengedwe ndi zolondola

Popeza zinthu tafotokozazi, ndi mawerengedwe pafupifupi ikuchitika motere. Ngati 1 sq. mamita chofunika 100 Watts akulowera kutentha mu danga la 20 sq. mamita ayenera 2000 Watts. Redieta (otchuka bimetallic kapena zotayidwa) zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu allocates pafupifupi 150 Watts. Gawani 2000 ndi 150 timapeza Ndime 13. Koma yatupa kwambiri mawerengedwe a katundu kutentha.

Yeniyeni amayang'ana pang'ono mantha. Ndipotu, palibe zovuta. Nayi mfundo:

Q _mamita = 100 W / mamita ² × S _(danga) mamita ² × Q × Q _{1 2 3} × Q × Q × Q _{4 5 6} × Q × Q _7, m'mene:

• Q ₁ - glazing mtundu (yachibadwa = 1,27, = 1.0 wapawiri, patatu = 0.85);
• Q ₂ - kudzipatula khoma (ofooka kapena kwina = 1,27, khoma la njerwa Anaika 2 = 1.0, amakono, mkulu = 0.85);
• Q ₃ - chiŵerengero cha okwana m'dera mipata zenera m'dera pansi (40% 1.2 = 30% 1.1 = 20% - 0.9 10% = 0.8);
• Q ₄ - kunja kutentha (anatengedwa kufunika osachepera: ^-35 ° C = 1.5, ^C = -25 1.3 ^-20 1.1 C = -15 ^{° C} = 0,9, ^-10 ° C = 0,7);
• Q ₅ - chiwerengero cha mpanda kunja mu chipinda (onse anayi = 1.4, zitatu = 1.3, ngodya chipinda = 1.2, ndi = 1.2);
• Q ₆ - mtundu wa danga kuthetsa pamwamba bafa Calculated (ozizira chapamwamba = 1.0, 0,9 = ofunda chapamwamba, pabalaza usavutike = 0.8);
• Q ₇ - denga kutalika (4.5 mamita = 1.2, mamita = 4.0, 1,15, 3.5, mamita = 1.1, 3,0, mamita = 1,05, 2.5 mamita = 1.3).

Kwa aliyense wa njira anafotokoza kungakhale kuwerengera katundu matenthedwe ya chokhwima.

Zitsanzo mawerengedwe

Terms ndi zinthu ziri motere. Kutentha osachepera nthawi ozizira pa chaka - -20 ^° C Malo 25 mamita lalikulu. mamita ndi galasi patatu, French mazenera, denga kutalika 3,0 m, makoma njerwa awiri ndi unheated chapamwamba. The mawerengedwe ndi motere:

Q = 100 W / mamita ² × mamita ² × 25 × 0.85 1 × 0,8 (12%) × 1.1 × 1.2 × 1 × 1,05.

Linanena bungwe 2 356.20, gawani ndi 150. Zimenezi mu chipinda ndi magawo awa m'pofunika anapereka magawo 16.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa Gigacalorie

Popeza matenthedwe mita mphamvu lotseguka Kutentha dera kutentha katundu aziwerenga Kutentha nyumba kuchita masamu malinga ndi chilinganizo Q = V * (T ₁ - T ₂₎ / 1000 Kodi;

• V - kuchuluka kwa madzi kudyedwa ndi dongosolo magetsi, kapena matani pafupifupi mamita ^3,
• T ₁ - angapo kusonyeza otentha madzi kutentha amayezedwa ^{° C} ndi zikutengedwa kompyuta kutentha lolingana kufinya ena mu dongosolo. chithunzi ichi chiyenera dzina lakelake - enthalpy. Ngati njira yothandiza kuchotsa kuwerenga kutentha si zotheka kuti amachita chizindikiro pafupifupi. Ndi mkati 60-65 ^° C
• _T2 - kutentha kwa madzi ozizira. Kuyeza mu dongosolo n'kovuta Choncho, kuphunzira ntchito yopitilira, malingana ndi kutentha kunja. Mwachitsanzo, m'dera lina, mu nyengo yozizira, chithunzi ichi akutengedwa wofanana 5, m'chilimwe - 15.
• 1000 - koyefishienti kupeza chifukwa mofulumira Gigacalorie.

Pankhani ya katundu matenthedwe (Gcal / h) wa kuzungulira chatsekedwa masamu mwinamwake:

_Kuyambira Q = α * Q _ya * V * (T _ndi - T _NR) * (1 + K _NR) * 0.000001 kumene

• α - Chinthu, oyesa kusintha nyengo. N'komwe ngati kutentha kunja ndi osiyana ^-30 ° C;
• V - voliyumu ya kapangidwe ka miyezo lakunja;
• Q _wa - mlingo yeniyeni Kutentha kwa anapatsidwa dongosolo _NR T = ^-30 ° C, amayezedwa Kcal / mamita ³ * C;
• T _mu - pafupifupi kutentha mkati mwa nyumbayo;
• T _NR - pulani kutentha panja kwa drafting a dongosolo Kutentha;
• _NR K - mlingo kusalola. Zinapangitsa chiŵerengero masamu imfa matenthedwe wa nyumba ndi kusalola ndi kutengerapo kutentha kudzera zigawo kunja kwa kunja kutentha, amene anapereka mu chigawo ntchito.

kutentha katundu mawerengedwe penapake zikuluzikulu, koma ichi ndi chilinganizo anapatsidwa mabuku ndi luso.

Kuphunzira imager matenthedwe

Makamaka, kuti kuwonjezera dzuwa la dongosolo Kutentha, moyembekezera ndi kulingalira kafukufuku matenthedwe dongosolo la.

ntchitoyi ikuchitika mu mdima. Pakuti chifukwa zolondola n'kofunika kusunga kutentha kusiyana pakati pa chipinda ndi kunja: zisamatero zosakwana ^15. Fulorosenti kuunikira ndi incandescent nyali ikanazimitsidwa. Iwo m'pofunika kuti ayeretse makalapeti ndi mipando kwa pazipita, iwo kugogoda chipangizo, kupereka ena zolakwa.

The kafukufuku wochititsidwa pang'onopang'ono analemba mosamala deta. Chiwembu ndi yosavuta.

Gawo loyamba chimachitika m'nyumba. chipangizo anawamvera pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku zitseko ndi mawindo, ndi kusamala kwambiri ngodya ndi mfundo zina.

Gawo lachiwiri - anayendera kunja ikukhudzana makoma imager dongosolo. Komabe mosamala mfundo, makamaka kugwirizana kwa denga.

Mbali yachitatu - deta processing. Choyamba izo zimapangitsa chipangizo, ndiye kuwerenga ndi kunditumiza ku kompyuta, mmene ziwalo pulogalamu mapeto processing ndi outputting zotsatira.

Ngati kafukufuku chikachitika ndi bungwe chiphatso, ndi zotsatira za ntchito idzasimba malangizo kuvomerezedwa. Ngati ntchito zinachitikadi panokha, muyenera kudalira nzeru zawo ndiponso mwina Internet.