Matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin: malangizo wopanga

Anthu akukhala pa dziko moyandikana ndi mitundu yambiri ya moyo, kuphatikizapo tosaoneka. Choyamba, ndi mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya. Zodabwitsa, koma zinthu izi tizilembo timeneti ndi amadza yaikulu anthu anthu.

Mwachidule za matenda a chiwewe

Pa kuli mitundu anthu zasintha zinthu zambiri: nyengo, malo, mapangidwe chikhalidwe, zikayenda ukadaulo sayansi ndi mankhwala. Ndi chifukwa cha anthu otsiriza sadzafa ku mliri wa mliri zimene zinasakaza chabe zaka zingapo zapitazo. Koma pali matenda, amakana osati curable, ngakhale akuyesetsa onse. Mwa iwo akuima kunja kwa matenda a chiwewe.

Matenda amadziwika kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri. Iye anasintha kwambiri maina, koma matenda zoopsa sichinasinthe - ndi wakupha. Iwo amayamba ndi wa matendawa HIV (matenda a chiwewe), zomwe kunyamula nyama yowola. The malovu amene amachoka mu chilonda kuluma ladzala ndi chigawo chimodzi cha mavairasi ndipo ngati si nthawi yomweyo mu siteshoni mwadzidzidzi, matenda posachedwapa kusuntha mu gawo yogwira.

Dzina la matenda ndi gawo la mawu akuti "mdierekezi" - kuti obsessive maganizo a munthu wodwala kalekale. Zizindikiro zimachitika pa tsiku lakhumi. Nthawi zina, nthawi makulitsidwe amatenga miyezi ingapo ndipo nthawi zina kwambiri kuchita masamu mu zaka. Akamanena za matenda ndi monga izi: HIV amakhudza ubongo ndi msana, akuunikira ndi hydrophobia, aerophobia, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, ziwalo ndi matenda ena aakulu. M'mawu ena, munthu sangathe kumwa kapena ndimweko madzi ataona zimene lezani mtima amapita ku zopweteka ndi mtima zimachitika spasms mwadzidzidzi minofu pa gulu pang'ono mpweya. Imfa kumachitika chifukwa ziwalo za minofu kupuma ndi minofu mtima.

Njira ziwiri kuteteza

Popeza matenda amakhala ndi zoopsa ndi pafupifupi 100% TH oopsa, kupeza njira zochizira kapena kuteteza anthu ayesa zaka zambiri. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa, wasayansi wotchuka Louis Pasteur ndi zatsopano zambiri zasayansi nyama anapanga katemera kunathandiza kuti asiye yoopsa matenda a chiwewe ulendo kudutsa dziko.

Pa nthawi, asayansi apeza njira ina kupewa matenda pamaso chiyambire matendawa. Ndi matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin. Panthawi mankhwala dzina lake - chopunthwitsa yekha mu njira ya matenda a chiwewe. Tikumbukenso kuti katemera matenda a chiwewe sangathe kuononga kachilombo komanso mankhwala chachiwiri. Mfundo amagwirira ntchito zawo n'zochokera pa njira zosiyanasiyana.

Mbali ya kukonzekera matenda a chiwewe

Choncho, kodi lofunika kusiyana mankhwala awa?

Katemera Action matenda a chiwewe zachokera chiwembu zotsatirazi. Pambuyo utsogoleli wa tizilombo antigens thupi amalandira mankhwala. Ndi mtundu wa analogue wa zopanda HIV moyo okhala ndi nkhani ya onse okhudzidwa za izo. Ndi chofunika kuti chitetezo chokwanira kwa nthawi yeniyeni (pafupifupi 2 masabata) kutulutsa zokwanira njira chitetezo chamoyo. Izi zimachitika kudzera mu mapangidwe mapuloteni yeniyeni - chitetezo. zinthu izi zonse zasungidwa ndi antigens nkhani ya anati HIV, ndipo anakumana ndi wothandizila amene kung'ung'udza mu thupi yomweyo amuphe. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi ukugwira ntchito katemera kwambiri. Motero, kwaiye chitetezo chokwanira yogwira. Nkhuku ili ndi ntchito matenda a chiwewe.

Matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin amachita pang'ono mosiyana. Atatero, thupi si kugwa antigens akufa tizilombo, ndi oteteza woperekayo. Mfundo ndi kuti ngati chitetezo chokwanira yogwira amapangidwa thupi chitetezo mwamtheradi ndi mliri wa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono zoipa. Choncho, wodwala kutumikiridwa matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin - yokonzekera zochokera magazi a munthu kapena nyama (zambiri mahatchi). Choncho, mu thupi afika ambiri chitetezo ndi antigens (medicament awo mulinso) amene amapanga chitetezo chokwanira chabe. Kwenikweni, mankhwala ntchito zikuchokera mlingo kuphatikiza Katemera.

Kusiyana mankhwala akufotokoza katemera amapereka chitetezo chokwanira wolimba ndi yokhalitsa, koma patapita kanthawi, pamene akugwiritsa ntchito immunoglobulin opangidwa ndi yomweyo, koma chosakhalitsa kutetezeredwa chamoyo ndi HIV.

Matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin: Mitundu

Malinga ndi chiyambi cha chitetezo, kukonzekera ndi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu mitundu iwiri:

• Heterologous.
• Homology.

Mtundu woyamba amatchedwa "matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin kwa magazi seramu wa akavalo." The chachiwiri - ndi mankhwala chifukwa cha mwazi anthu. Tikumbukenso kuti kuonjezera chiwerengero cha chitetezo mu magazi a zinthu zamoyo otengedwa munthu kale katemera ndi katemera matenda a chiwewe. mtundu wa mankhwala imatengedwa aluso ndi abwinopo kusiyana malo nyama. Mlingo wa mitundu magazi, wofunikila Katemera theka.

Mwalamulo maina anayi oterowo kukonzekera monga matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin. Wopanga njira zoposera imodzi, awiri mankhwala opangidwa ku Russia ( "Biopharma" FGBU "ARRIAH"), ena - mu China (FC "Sichuan Juanda Shuyan"), Israel ( "Kamada Ltd.") Ndipo Ukraine ( "Biolek "). Popeza makamaka nthenda chiopsezo ndi kulunjika ntchito mankhwala, kukhazikitsa awo amachitidwa mwachindunji - a pharmacies mu zipatala.

"Rebinolin" - matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin

Yoyamba ya mankhwala zachokera biomaterial anthu. Iwo ali pabwino monga asayansi aluso. Kuona katundu ndi ntchito zina zabwino kwambiri zofunika kulabadira mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Mlingo mawonekedwe. Matenda a chiwewe Immunoglobulin (wosuta momveka bwino mfundo imeneyi) ndi mandala kapena pang'ono chikasu mankhwala munali precipitate pang'ono. kukonzekera uyu ali ndi maonekedwe a njira yothetsera makonzedwe intramuscularly kapena subcutaneously.
• Mmene thupi. Osati masiku osachepera atatu pambuyo makonzedwe maximizes anthu ambiri oteteza amalandira chiwonongeko cha matenda a chiwewe HIV. Kuchotsedwa thupi, mapuloteni izi pa mwezi.
• Zikuonetsa. Anatumidwa ndi kukumana ndi nyama yowola, amene adzatenge kulumidwa ndi ingress malovu pa khungu akhudzidwa. Imposition a mankhwala osakaniza ndi katemera matenda a chiwewe kwa zolimba zotsatira mangawawo.
• Osafunika zotsatira. Thupi afika wothandizila yachilendo, zimene angakhale aakulu kwambiri. Kuwonjezera redness, kutupa ndi hyperthermia (nthawi zina ankaona subfebrilitet) opezeka milandu zochita mwadzidzidzi: angioedema, urticaria kapena anaphylactic mantha. Komanso anatsindika yochepa kusanza ndi hypotension.
• Mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena. Yosemphana ndi katemera munali moyo HIV chikhalidwe. Iwo amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito molumikizana ndi mankhwala ndi odana ndi kafumbata seramu.
• malangizo apadera. Pa mimba ndi mkaka wa m'mawere, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi zotheka, monga kuphunzira yaitali thupi la munthu immunoglobulins kanthu zikusonyeza kuti mavuto pa mwana wosabadwayo ndi mayi mankhwala sadzatero.

Matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin kuchokera ku seramu wa anthu - njira kwa kupewa matenda a chiwewe. Kodi kuganizira mfundo yakuti contraindications za mankhwala palibe, pamene iye amaikidwa mawu a muyezo yofunika. Ndipo mwamsanga wovulalayo angachipeze kuti chithandizo, ndi wolimba zotsatira zake zidzakhala zotani.

Dosing wa mankhwala

Musanayambe ntchito matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin, malangizo Buku zikusonyeza aligorivimu zotsatirazi:

• kusamba bwino mabala ndi madzi, sopo ndi antiseptic.
• Pamaso pa oyamba a vial mankhwala fufuzani umphumphu, maonekedwe ndi moyo alumali mankhwala.
• Matenda a chiwewe Immunoglobulin (homology) umayamba ndi mlingo wapatsidwa; 20 IU pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi.
• Ndi bwino ngati pafupifupi mlingo lonse kutumikiridwa mwachindunji ku bala kapena ozungulira akhudzidwa minofu. Pa ndikosatheka kanthu lonseli ikuchitika jekeseni mu mnofu.
• Ana mankhwala ndi kutumikiridwa mu ntchafu, wamkulu - mu thako lapansi.

Chida amatchedwa "Rebinolin" chiyambi Israeli. Alumali moyo wa mankhwala phunziro kwa zinthu yosungirako - zaka 2. Amaundana immunoglobulin ndi koletsedwa. Kololeka yosungirako kutentha - kuchokera ⁰S 2 mpaka 8.

Njira Integrated

Monga ulamuliro, mtundu uliwonse wa immunoglobulin chikuyendetsedwera ndi katemera odana ndi matenda a chiwewe. Pankhani imeneyi, pali mfundo zingapo zimene muyenera ndithudi kulabadira:

• Chiyambi matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin imachitika mosamalitsa patsogolo ntchito ya katemera (pakati kukonzekera kuswa - Mphindi 30).
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kusankha mbali zosiyana za thupi, amene ali kutali zedi Chrixitu. Mwachitsanzo, immunoglobulin - mu thako kumanzere, ndipo katemera - mu mnofu deltoid kumanja.
• Syringes kwa mankhwala ayenera kukhala osiyana.
• mankhwala mtsempha si kutumikiridwa.
• Zomwe mlingo wa matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin ali osavomerezeka.

mankhwala zachokera zinthu zamoyo wa nyama

"Matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin kuchokera ku seramu" chimatchedwanso mawonekedwe heterologous (madzi). Amaona pang'ono pokha otetezedwa chifukwa mapuloteni yeniyeni kuti lili, angachititse zochita sizimadziwika wa chamoyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ntchito mankhwala, zochokera biomaterial anthu, ndi chete analekerera. Choncho, musanagwiritse ntchito immunoglobulin heterologous mokakamiza amathera mayeso intradermal mu forearm lapansi. Ngati pambuyo Mphindi 20 panalibe edema aakulu kapena redness, ndiye kuti sitimadzipereka kutumikiridwa immunoglobulin (1: 100 njira) subcutaneously. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo ola ngati chitsanzo akadali zoipa, ntchito yotsala ya mankhwala. Komanso, osati mwachindunji, koma chiwembu zotsatirazi: mkangano gawo matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin mlingo ndi kutumikiridwa mu malo bala pambuyo Mphindi 15 gawo lina anadzetsa minofu mozungulira chilondacho. Ngati mbali anatomical a kuluma salola kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito vial lonse mu malo wathuyo, enawo ntchito jekeseni mu mnofu. Ndondomeko lonse limatenga ola.

Ngati ntchito Katemera heterologous matenda a chiwewe immunoglobulin malangizo limati pamaso pa zitsanzo zabwino pamaso makonzedwe mankhwala mankhwala mankhwala ndi ntchito kupewa mantha Epinephrine njira.

Wina kusiyana kwa mtundu umenewu ku yapita - mlingo uwu. Kumatanthauza pamaziko a seramu ntchito kuwonjezeka ziwiri mu mlingo (40 IU pa kilogalamu thupi).

katemera matenda a chiwewe

Pa nthawi imeneyi m'dera la Chitaganya cha Russian mayina 5 mankhwala kupanga m'banja ndi umodzi - Indian. katemera anapanga Mbale mandala wangwiro ndi madzi otchezedwa ndipo lili inactivated matendawa HIV. Pambuyo reconstitution, zikuwoneka ngati pinki kapena madzi colorless. pali mfundo zina zabwino zofunika ntchito chida:

• Ndi oyamba anamvera kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo zofunika antiseptics ndi katemera chipinda ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi protivosokovmi ndi mankhwala mankhwala mwadzidzidzi. Pambuyo dilution analoledwa kusunga katemera matenda a chiwewe si kuposa mphindi 5.
• theka la ola pambuyo immunoglobulin magazi amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito katemera polima.
• mankhwala ndi kutumikiridwa mu malo ntchafu (ana mpaka zaka 5) kapena minofu deltoid wa lamba phewa. Ntchito mankhwala matako ndi koletsedwa.
• Wodwala ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi madokotala ola limodzi pambuyo ndondomeko.

Mitundu ya Katemera

Pali mitundu iwiri ya Katemera: kupewa ndi kuchiza ndi kutchinjiriza. Choyamba ntchito ngati munthu wachita zinthu zikanavulaza kumene chiopsezo matenda a chiwewe. Iwo alenje, huntsmen, antchito bacteriological Laboratories, veterinarians. Mtundu wachiwiri umagwiritsidwa mwachindunji pambuyo kukumana ndi nyama yodwala. Onse mitundu ndi zina aligorivimu kuphedwa. Komanso madera pali kusiyana pakati pa mitundu. Mbali yoyamba angakhale contraindication aakulu matenda siteji pachimake kapena mimba, ndi Katemera chachiwiri ikuchitika ndi zizindikiro mtundu kwambiri.

katemera chiwembu

Ochiritsira Katemera chiwembu chiri motere:

1. Ngati kukhudzana chikhalidwe kumafuna khungu zotupa sanali lalikulu - zimakhalapo, kulumidwa zazing'ono, zimakhalapo, kapena malawi komanso ziweto, ndipo zonsezi chilonda mu thunthu ndi nthambi, munthu katemera yomweyo pambuyo processing kuwonongeka. A mlingo umodzi wa katemera matenda a chiwewe ndi 1 ml. Katemera ikuchitika anakumana kumeneko, ndi zina, 3, 7, 14, 30 ndi 90 tsiku. Chiwembu zikhoza kusintha, ngati nyama pansi kuonerera, sanaphedwe, kapena sanaulule za matendawa HIV. Pankhaniyi, okha Boma katemera patatu.
2. kuvulala iliyonse mutu, pakhosi, manja, kumaliseche, akakolo ndi zala, inapha ziweto, komanso kuwononga kapena malawi kapena analandira ku nyama zolusa, makoswe ndi zibonga, amafuna miyeso mwamsanga mabuku. Pa tsiku la kukhudzana isanafike ka katemera matenda a chiwewe ntchito kumanga immunoglobulin jekeseni, ikuchitika malinga ndi malamulo pamwamba. Komanso, Katemera ikuchitika ndi ndondomeko muyezo.

Asapatsire

mawuwa kawirikawiri anamva mu ofesi ya adokotala kapena m'gawo la Zipatalazo kuchipatala, kotero amakonda zonse. Koma mwatsoka, anthu nthaŵi zina kuiwala mmene wapatali ndi moyo. Tsiku lililonse kuona kumwetulira kwa mwana wake, kumva mawu a mayi anga mu chubu, kuonera ndege ya mbalame - zonse ndi wamba, kuti mopepuka. Izo zinali kokha pamene nyumba kugogoda mavuto, anthu kuganiza za izo. Dzisamalire ndi okondedwa anu, ndipo pa nkhani ya zoopsa musazengereze kupempha thandizo.