Mapiri apamwamba a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana

Mawu akuti "mkulu" anthu osiyana ndi mayanjano osiyana. Kwa ena naini nyumba kale zikuoneka mkulu. Other moyo wabata ena inawomba nyumba yaitali, imene kuposa mbewu zana. Koma zinthu zonse izi kuposa mamita 8 zikwi ndi "mchira" pamwamba pa nyanja. Koma pamwamba zimenezi zikuchitika padziko lathuli. Awa ndi mapiri apamwamba mu dziko. A okwana 14. kutalika zawo kuposa eyiti masauzande chizindikiro. nsonga zonsezi zili ku HimalayasI ndi Karakorum, m'mayiko monga Nepal, China, ndi dera adatsutsana za Kashmir.

Ndipo loto la okwera ambiri akatswiri - ndiyo kuthandiza aliyense wa mfundo imeneyi. A "nkhondo" ndi anthu anayamba kale, koma m'zaka za m'ma otsiriza anakwanitsa kugonjetsa nsonga onse. Phiri Annapurna - woyamba "eightthousander" amene anagonjera awiri French Lachenalia L. ndi M. Herzog. Ndipo chinachitika mu 1950. Ndipo anagonjetsedwa kale kuti tsiku, anthu 22 onse kwambiri mapiri mkulu mu dziko. Ndipo otsiriza 20 okwera "anakwera" pa nsonga pambuyo m'ma 90s. Ndipo patsogolo kuti panali awiri ngwazi yekha. Izi climber Italy Reinhold Messner, amene wakhala zaka 16 (1970-1986) kukwaniritsa mbiri yake. Mgonjetsi wachiwiri anali Polish climber Ezhi Kukuchka. Koma Pole zaka 8 zokha (kuyambira mu 1979 po1987) pa nsonga onse 14, ndi umboni wake uli akadali mpaka palibe munthu angathe "amamenya". Koma climber woyamba kuchokera CIS, ndinakwera mapiri onse apamwamba, wakhala Chikazaki Denis Urubko. Iye anachita izo mu 2000-2009 ndipo pa kukwera kwake iye sanagwiritse ntchito mpweya.

A kwambiri ndi zabwino okwera mapiri Mosakayika Everest. okhala eni nthaka ku Tibet lotchedwa phiri la - phiri la Everest ndi kuitana Nepalese izo Sagarmatha. Koma anthu adakali kuti sindinapite kudziwa kutalika chenicheni cha nsonga ya. Ndipo tsopano, kutalika izi ndi pakati pa 8844 ndi 8852 meters. Zoyesayesa woyamba kugonjetsa Everest anapangidwa mu 1921, koma iwo onse analephera. Phiri lalitali kwambiri mu dziko kwenikweni ndikufuna kumvera munthu. Ndipo kwa zaka 50, anthu oposa mazana awiri anaphedwa pa otsetsereka a phiri. Chifukwa cha imfa yawo inali chimfine, kutopa ndi ngozi. Izo zinali kokha mu 1953, New Zealand mountaineer Edmund Hillary anafika pamwamba pa Phiri la Everest pachimake.

Chogori, Daspang, K2, Godwin-Austen - ndi dzina la vertex, amene ali mu gulu la phiri lalitali kwambiri mu dziko pansi pa nambala wachiwiri. Kutalika kwa pamwamba mamita 8611 ndipo lili Kashmir. pachimake ili ndi gawo la thanthwe misa Karakorum, limene lili kumadzulo kwa HimalayasI. Ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba Chogori anagonjetsa Italy Achille Compagnoni ndi Lino Lacedelli mu 1954.

Pali ku HimalayasI mapiri unali pakati pa India ndi Nepal. Amakhala nsonga zisanu ndi anthu apamwamba (mamita 8586) ndi pachimake Kanchenjunga. Ndi mapiri lili pa nambala yachitatu mu masanjidwe dziko la mfundo. Ndipo pambali izo aatali atatu a khamu ili ndi kutalika choposa eyiti masauzande chizindikiro. Ndipo lachisanu "zing'onozing'ono" phiri silikugwirizana mamita 8 yekha "amazikonda" zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu. Ndipo mpaka m'ma 19, Kanchenjunga ankaona apamwamba pa dziko. Komano aziwerenga zolondola ndi lili pa nambala yachitatu. Ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba ya British anagonjetsa phiri Dzho Braun ndi Dzhorzh Bendon mu 1955.

Palinso mapiri ndi madera ena a dziko. Izi, ndithudi, si phiri lalitali kwambiri mu dziko, koma mu zigawo iwo zatenga malo oyamba mu msinkhu. Choncho, mu South America Andes ndi nsonga chapamwamba phiri Akonkagua (mamita 6962). Ndipo mu North America, pachimake ndiye phiri la McKinley (6194 m). Mu Africa, ndi ulamuliro uli, ndithudi, Kilimanjaro, meters 5.895 mu msinkhu. Chabwino, mu Russia ndi nsonga chapamwamba Elbrus. Iye anawuka kwa mamita 6642 pamwamba pa nyanja ndi Komanso ndi pachimake apamwamba mu Europe. Aliyense climber, kukwera kwa Elbrus, naona thambo lalikulu la ayezi ndi chipale chofewa. Iwo amati ilo - ndi zosaiwalika.