Maonekedwe ndi mitundu ya LEDs: gulu, makhalidwe, cholinga

LEDs akukhala njira kunadetsa otchuka, ndipo zosiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza ankaipembedza kukongoletsa kapena cholinga maofesi kuunikira, komanso m'madera osiyanasiyana kunja nyumba. LEDs anayikidwa pa msika mu osiyanasiyana mwachilungamo lonse la zosintha. The Madivelopa la mankhwala ziwalo nthawi kupereka njira nzeru chimene chingaipitse zingakhale angathe kupanga niches latsopano msika. Kodi mitundu yofala LEDs lero? Zolinga zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito?

Kodi LEDs?

Musanawerenge mitundu wamba LEDs tikambirane zambiri zokhudza zipangizo ziwalo. Inatsogolera ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi chimene chingathe kusintha magetsi panopa ku kuwala. Pankhaniyi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi Chip, lomwe ndi chigawo waukulu wapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo, yodziwika ndi mitundu iwiri madutsidwe. Ndicho - dzenje ndi elekitironi.

The madutsidwe wa mtundu choyamba ndi elekitironi kutengerapo ku atomu wina ndi mzake, umene pali malo ufulu. Nawonso atomu yoyamba ndi elekitironi wina amene yapita - .. imodzi yokha, etc. zochita Izi limagwirira mwa maunyolo covalent pakati pa ma atomu. Choncho m'gulu lawo zimachokeradi. Ndipotu ikuyenda mlandu zabwino, amene conventionally amatchedwa dzenje sayansi. Choncho pamene elekitironi dzenje amapezeka mu umuna wa kuwala.

Mu dongosolo zake, LED pa ofanana lonse kwa rectifier diode. Ndiko kuti, ali 2 linanena bungwe - ndi anode ndi cathode. Mbali imeneyi imapangitsa kofunika polarity pamene kulumikiza LED gwero magetsi mphamvu.

Kudziwa zinthu lolingana zinachitikira ambiri, patsogolo panopa 20 MA. Mfundo yofunika izi zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi ngakhale mu nkhani iyi, angathe kusintha mtundu ndi kunyezimira kwa LED pansi. Nayenso undesirably kuonjezera chizindikiro kake. Ngati panopa kuposa phindu akadakwanitsira, kuti kuchepetsa kwa mlingo anakhumba, chikukhudza Kuchepetsa resistor.

Pali zambiri ndithu mokoma kuti asungike mu malingaliro pamene khazikitsa ndi LEDs. Izi anakonzeratu mwa dongosolo lawo mkati, kuphedwa mawonekedwe. Nthawi zina, mungafunike ntchito stabilizer kwa LEDs ndi mbali zina zamakono kuonetsetsa kugwira ntchito chipangizo, amene anaika mu mankhwala mu funso.

Malinga zikuchokera semiconductors ku iye LED akhale wofiira, wachikasu, zobiriwira kapena buluu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dongosolo lolingana chigawo cha pakompyuta lili gallium nitride, inatsogolera adzakhala kuyatsa mu buluu. Kwenikweni, mmodzi wa i pa maziko a alikuyimilira pozungulira anthu kapena mitundu ina ya diodes kuwala emitting, akhoza kukhala mtundu wawo.

ntchito

Woyamba kuwala emitting diodes anaika pa msika, opangidwa ku housings zitsulo. Pang'onopang'ono izo zinayamba m'malo pulasitiki. Pankhaniyi, mtundu nthawi osankhidwa potengera mtundu wa anatsogolera chowala. Komabe, nthawi zambiri palinso mandala pulasitiki nyumba.

Zochitikazo zamakono ankagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya LEDs yodziwika ndi:

- mphamvu Mwachangu;

- moyo utumiki yaitali;

- kudziwa mtundu wa kuunika ndi kusintha mphamvu yake;

- chitetezo;

- zachilengedwe wochezeka.

Ngati ife kulankhula za mphamvu Mwachangu, LEDs kwa chomwecho linanena bungwe kuwala akhoza kukhala mphamvu kwambiri zosakwana nyali ochiritsira. LED mphamvu zochepa pa nthawi yomweyo amachepetsa katundu chonse pa dongosolo mphamvu ya nyumbayi. Moyo chipangizo angakhale makumi angapo nthawi kuposa amene amadziwika mababu yachibadwa. Pankhaniyi, mwa mawu a mbali LEDs mungathe mwamtheradi si wolephera iwo.

Monga mapangidwe kufunika misa kwa mankhwala amenewa, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama, LEDs ayamba ntchito zolinga zofanana monga nyali ochiritsira. mavuto alionse mu unsembe wa zochita zogwirizana poyerekeza ndi mindandanda yamasewera miyambo kuyatsa chiyani osadzuka. Nkofunika okha kuonetsetsa ngati makamaka kutsogozedwa ndi oyenera unsembe mu malo gululi. Izi kungafune pasadakhale - musanagule LEDs - azindikire magawo amafotokoza.

ubwino zimene ena tinganene kuti yankho?

Choncho, Tingaone kuti mtundu kutentha kwa LEDs kungakhale chilichonse - kuphatikizapo mitundu mitundu pamwambapa. Komanso chipangizo akhoza wodzilemekeza ndi Zosefera zosiyanasiyana, omwe akhoza kwambiri kukuza kuchuluka kwa ntchito LEDs mawu a kusankha munthu anakhumba mtundu kutentha.

Kutheka kwa kuwala mphamvu ulamuliro - mwayi wina zipangizo ankaona. Izi njira ali pamodzi ndi dzuwa mkulu mphamvu. Mphamvu LEDs akhoza lizilamuliridwa basi - kutengera ndi momwe leni la ntchito mindandanda yamasewera kuyatsa. Ndipo sikumangotikhudza moyo utumiki.

LEDs ndi wochezeka, chifukwa si zimatulutsa zoipa m'njira anthu cheza. Mkhalidwe umenewu, kachiwiri, amawapatsa ntchito zipangizo pamwamba.

Gawo: chizindikiro ndi kuyatsa zothetsera

Akatswiri kudziwa magawo awiri yaikulu ya anatsogolera - chizindikiro ndi chiwalitsiro. Choyamba makamaka anafuna kuti akonze kukongoletsa kuyatsa zotsatira ndipo ntchito monga mchitidwe wa ulemerero wa nyumbayi, chipinda, galimoto. Kapena ngati chida makongoletsedwe lemba - monga malonda mbendera.

Poyankha, pali kuyatsa LEDs. Iwo cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa kuwala kwa chipinda kapena pa malo ena a dziko - mwachitsanzo, ngati tikambirana LEDs kwa magalimoto. Mtundu yoyenera njira ndi njira zina kugwiritsa ntchito mababu ochiritsira, ndipo nthawi zambiri yabwino kwambiri mwa mawu a mphamvu Mwachangu ndi waubwenzi zachilengedwe.

Mitundu kuphedwa

Koma kubwerera ku gulu la LEDs lapansi. Mukhoza chimatanthauza osiyanasiyana zifukwa mupezeke wawo kapena gulu lina. Pitani pakati pa akatswiri njira ikukhudza Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa zotsatirazi mitundu ikuluikulu ya LEDs:

- DIP;

- Kangaude anatsogolera;

- SMD;

- chisononkho;

- CHIKWANGWANI;

- filament.

Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

ndi kulunjika kwa DIP-LED chiyani?

Ngati mukuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mmene awa mitundu ya LEDs anaonekera pa msika, ndi DIP kalasi chipangizo akhoza zimachitika woyamba, umene unayamba agulitsidwe lalikulu zedi. njira izi ndi timibulu amene munali m'makola mwawo ndi zigawo kuwala, makamaka mandala, umene umabala mtengo kuwala.

Mwina kudziŵika kuti gulu la diodes kuwala emitting, ngakhale kuchuluka ambiri, kawirikawiri ntchito zina zamakono dera. Nthawi zambiri njira imeneyi ntchito monga zikuluzikulu za aunika malonda, matepi, mfundo zokongoletsera.

DIP LEDs a gulu la chizindikiro. Ali dzina lina - DIL. Iwo anaika pa bolodi chimene muyenera Pre-nkhonya. Mwina kudziŵika kuti mu chimango cha gulu akhoza allocated osiyanasiyana LEDs, amene ali osiyana awiri babu, mtundu, chuma kupanga. Pankhaniyi magawo yoyenera akhoza ankaimira zosiyana. The mawonekedwe mlandu ankaona - cylindrical. Pakati pa LEDs ziwalo ndi onse monochrome ndi chipangizo Mipikisano mtundu.

kangaude LED

Mtundu wa diodes kuwala emitting wonse ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi zipangizo m'mbuyomu. Koma iwo ndi mfundo zokwana - 4. Pamene anatsogolera DIP - 2. Popeza kuti mtundu anagonjera zothetsera ali linanena bungwe zambiri, optimizes kutentha madyaidya ndikuledzera ndi bwino kudalirika kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwalo. Zochita iwo ntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka ngati LEDs kwa magalimoto.

LEDs lembani SMD

njira izi amapangidwa ndi ntchito ya padziko-phiri lingaliro. Ndiko kuti, iwo ali kuwala emitting diodes amene anaika pamwamba iliyonse, pamene njira zina angathe kuikidwa kudzera mwa dzenje kukhazikitsidwa.

Miyeso ya LEDs wa mtundu uwu mwina kwambiri poyerekeza ndi njira zina kwa iwo, komanso nyumba imene iwo amene anaika. Kachiwiri, mu nkhani iyi chomveka kulankhula za kwambiri mulingo woyenera kutentha madyaidya ndikuledzera. Kugwiritsa ntchito LED mtundu SMD nthawi zambiri zokulitsa masiyanidwe machenjerero ntchito kuyatsa.

SMD-LEDs ndi kuyatsa gulu. Yodziwika ndi dongosolo m'malo zovuta. Choncho, anatsogolera yokha imakhala ndi gawo lapansi zitsulo. Ndi amodzi galasi amene soldered mwachindunji kwa ojambula gawo lapansi ndi nyumba. Mandala inali pamwamba galasi lapansi. Choncho pa gawo lapansi limodzi angathe kuikidwa 1-3 LED. Pakuti SMD mitundu wamba LEDs mkulu-kuwala, monga 3528. njira izi ndi mkulu mlingo wa akumufuna.

LED mtundu chisononkho

Yotsatira otchuka mtundu LED - chisononkho. Linapangidwa ndi ntchito njira zamakono, zimene zimaphatikizapo unsembe wa galasi ndi mwachindunji pa bolodi. njira amakhala ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ubwino:

- chitetezo cha mankhwala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni;

- ang'ono yomanga miyeso;

- Mwachangu wa koziziritsira;

- kuchepetsa mtengo wa LEDs unsembe - poyerekeza, makamaka SMD zipangizo mtundu.

Ngati tikambirana tatchulawa mitundu ya LEDs, mwina kudziŵika kuti njira chisononkho mtundu akhoza zimachitika nzeru kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba njira imeneyi akhala akuyendera mwa akatswiri Japanese mu mochedwa 2000s. Tsopano izi mitundu ya LEDs kupitiriza kupeza kutchuka.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, ankaona zochita ndi amene angathe wotchuka kwambiri pa msika, makamaka pankhani kwa gawo malonda a m'munda wa kuyatsa zoweta. Dziwani kuti pali zina zimene ntchito chisononkho anatsogolera kungakhale kovuta. Mwa anthu - kupanga zida akatswiri kuyatsa. chakuti LEDs amaonedwa si mulingo woyenera ku mawonedwe a anatengera kwa gulu la kuyatsa kukhazikitsa kuwala mwamphamvu limaoneka lokongola. Zikatero, pangakhale yabwino SMD mtundu chipangizo.

Anafotokoza diodes ndi kuyatsa. Ngati akatswiri, iwo amaoneka kuti zikuwayendera, potengera maonekedwe a kuunika kamwazi. Anaika pa msika ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga yofiira, zobiriwira, lamadzi, ndi woyera. The kamwazi wowala zitsanzo izi ziyenera kupezeka mopendekeka ndi madigiri 40-120.

Pa gawo lapansi wina akhoza wokwera pa 9 chisononkho mtundu LEDs. Iwo anaphimba ndi phosphor, potero kupeza kuwala mkulu. Mwina kudziŵika kuti kamwazi kuwala kwa deta pamwamba njira kuposa SMD zipangizo mtundu. Choncho, ngati tiganizira zomwe mtundu wa kutsogozedwa ndi bwino, ndiye i mwachindunji akhoza mwayi wa njira chisononkho kalasi.

LEDs chisononkho mtundu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani magalimoto. Iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbali ya kutsogolo ndi nyali kumbuyo, nayenso chizindikiro. Chinthu chachikulu - kukhazikitsa chipangizo molondola zinazake. Kuti tichite zimenezi, n'zomveka kutembenukira kwa akatswiri nawo.

CHIKWANGWANI LEDs

Kuti monga CHIKWANGWANI LEDs nzeru. Ataonekera pa msika posachedwapa, mu 2015. njira otukuka ankawaona akatswiri ku Korea South.

Ntchito mitundu ya LEDs angakhale kupanga zovala. Ndilo nzeru kusoka shati kapena T-sheti kuti akhoza kuwala. Zovala kupanga LEDs CHIKWANGWANI ofotokoza komanso akuganizira za ntchito ya ma polima zosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala zotayidwa.

anatsogolera filament

Chitsanzo china cha nzeru anatsogolera - njira filament mtundu. ntchito yaikulu - mkulu mphamvu Mwachangu. Pakuti mphamvu yomweyo, mwachitsanzo, LEDs monga chisononkho, filament njira mtundu akhoza kupereka apamwamba mlingo kuwala.

Ankaona mankhwala luso nthawi zambiri ntchito kupanga mababu kuwala. Mwa makhalidwe chidwi yopanga ziwalo LEDs - kukhazikitsa ogwiritsa mwachindunji pa gawo lapansi la galasi. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza kuti kugawira kuwala panamveka ndi LED madigiri 360.

Kodi kusankha njira yabwino?

Kodi kudziwa mtundu wa zinachititsa kuti ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri kwa kapangidwe makamaka? Pali zingapo muyezo, sipangakhalenso kutsogoleredwa pa nkhani imeneyi. Mfundo ndi yovomerezeka kuthandauza kuchuluka kwa LEDs ndi zochokera gulu ake pa maziko amene takambirana pamwambapa. Tikuphunzira kusankha enieni zigawo zikuluzikulu zoyenera pakompyuta kulola kuti zipangizo:

- DIP;

- SMD;

- chisononkho.

Kusankha LEDs: kuviika mtundu winawake wa njira

Monga momwe taonera pamwambapa, DIP-LEDs ali m'gulu la mankhwala oyambirira kugunda msika. Chotero, iwo amakhala nawo ndi akale kwambiri, koma luso otchuka. ubwino waukulu - zovuta kukhazikitsa, zosavuta mawonekedwe, mowa mphamvu otsika, wochepa, ndi digiri mokwanira mkulu wa chitetezo makhalidwe kunja.

Nthawi zambiri ankaona LEDs akupezeka awiri a 3 mamilimita ndi 5 mm. Ngati kufananitsa yosiyanasiyana LEDs, n'zotheka kunena kuti njira ankaona ndi mulingo woyenera ntchito:

- ngati zinthu za galimoto ikukonzekera;

- ngati zigawo zokongoletsera;

- monga mbali ya otsika mphamvu - monga njira improvised - nyali.

LEDs ankaona ndi mtengo wotsika ndi kupezeka pa msika. Mwina kudziŵika kuti mwa zosintha ambiri kawirikawiri anakumana - LEDs pa volts 12. Iwo akhoza kupezeka mu akalozera zosiyanasiyana online, komanso masitolo zapaderazi zosiyana. Makamaka, LEDs onse pa volts 12 yodziwika ndi kufunika m'malo okwezeka msika.

Kusankha LEDs: SMD zimaonetsa zosankha

Mtundu yoyenera njira maonekedwe mwapadera kwa ena kuti ali ndi mawonekedwe mosabisa. Ogwiritsa deta zigawo zikuluzikulu zamakono ikuchitika popanda miyendo. Current pa SMD mtundu LEDs umagwiritsidwa ntchito malo omwe zili ndi mbali yawo.

Choncho, unsembe zipangizo deta imagwiridwa popanda orifices. LED Kusinthaku zikhoza kuchitika yaying'ono kwambiri. Chifukwa cha - mwina kuchepetsedwa ndi kumanga imene zipangizo lolingana ili.

Njira yaikulu ya ntchito ankaona zipangizo - yemweyo galimoto ikukonzekera, osiyanasiyana kuyatsa mkati. Mwa ubwino kwambiri mungachite izi - mkulu kuwala, wowala dzuwa. Mothandizana ndi kukula yaing'ono njira izi ndi ubwino kwambiri pa zitsanzo zina katundu.

Zina mwazofala m'msika wamakono - mtundu wa LED 3528. Zidazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga makina a LED. Mapangidwe a zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ya ma LED ikhale yoyera - ndi mitundu yofiira, ya buluu, ndi yobiriwira. Pogwiritsa ntchito zothetsera mtundu wa 3528, zigawo zina zambiri zamagetsi zimapangidwa, mwachitsanzo, kuwala ngati SMD 5050.

Zogulitsa zomwe zili mu funsoli zimadziwikanso ndi kukwera mtengo. Amaperekedwa pamsika, nthawi zambiri amakhala osiyana.

Kusankhidwa kwa LED: zizindikiro za njira za COB

Choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbali yaikulu ya ma LED omwe ali ofanana ndizo zamphamvu kwambiri. Chikhalidwe chawo ndicho kupatuka kwa kuwala kwapadera, chifukwa cha kuyika kwa makristasi pamwamba, komwe kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kutengeke.

Ma LED omwe ali pansi pano amawoneka bwino kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti azifunidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti izi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndikuganiziranso chiwerengero cha zinthu zamtengo wapatali - izi zikhoza kudziwika ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito. Choncho, kukhazikitsa njira zoyenera ndikulimbikitsana kuti muyankhule ndi ntchito yabwino.