Manor Serednikovo: kufotokozera, mbiri ndi adiresi. Kodi mungayende bwanji ku Serednikovo?

Malo a Serednikovo, chithunzithunzi cha omwe ati adzawonedwe pansipa, sichidzawoneka kuchokera ku malo onse okhala ndi zipilala zotere za zomangidwe, ngati osati chifukwa chake. Anthu ambiri amodzi omwe anasiya mbiri yawo ndi ndale ya Russia ndi njira ina yogwirizana ndi malowa. Apa Chaliapin anapuma, Stolin ndi mphwake Lermontov adakali mwana, Rakhmaninov ndi Konius ankakonda kupita, Yuon anakhala kanthawi, Serov anakhala. Lenin nayenso ankakondwerera zonse pa malo.

Chiyambi choyambirira cha moyo

Malo osungirako malo otchedwa park-estate omwe amapezeka m'Chisipanishi amayamba nthawi yake kuchokera mu 1623, pamene mayiko ameneŵa anapatsidwa kwa Prince Cherkassky. Zisanachitike, derali linayendetsedwa ndi voevoda Dobrynskie, ndipo patangopita nthawi pang'ono dzikoli linayamba kulamulidwa ndi Nyumba ya Amoni ya Chudova, idatchedwa Goretov Stan. Pakatikati mwawo munali malo ozungulira a Middle, omwe pambuyo pake adapatsa dzina ku malo. Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa akalonga Yegupalov-Circassian, ndipo idatha pafupifupi zaka zana ndi hafu, chochitika chokha chofunika ku Serednikovo chinali kukonzedwa mu 1693 ya tchalitchi cha miyala mwa kulemekeza Metropolitan Alexy. Mwa njira, kachisi uyu alipo lero.

Mu 1775, umwini wapita kwa Senator Vsevolozhsky, momwe makamaka, mtundu wamakono wapangidwe unalengedwa. Zabwino nthawizonse zimayanjana ndi zoipa, kotero izo zinachitika mu mbiriyakale ya malonda. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Vsevolod Alekseevich chifukwa cha mikangano ya makolo, malowa anali atalandidwa. Iye adayambitsidwa ndi mphwake wa Senator yemwe adagonjetsa mwalamulo, natenga zinyumba, mahatchi ndi ng'ombe. Mwachiwonongeko chimodzi, wachibaleyo sanasiye, mofanana iye anawononga ziwerengero zingapo zomwe zinali zofunika kuchokera ku mbiri yakale. Mwachitsanzo, mapepala omanga nyumba ya nyumba. Izi zinali ndi zotsatira zoopsa. Wopanga mapulani a munda ndi malo osungirako malo osadziwika sakudziwika, ngakhale pali maganizo omwe anali Ivan Egorovich Starov. Mwini nyumbayo anam'pangitsa kukhala bwinja kwa zaka zingapo, pamene khoti linali kupita. Chotsatira chake, mwiniwake wa bwinja latsopanoli anali mchimwene wa senenayo, yemwe mayikowa anawamasulira. M'bwalo adaima chiyambi cha XIX atumwi.

Kufika kwa Stolypins

Sergei Alekseevich Vsevolozhsky atagwidwa ndi ntchito ya nyumba ya mphwake Serednikovo anali wosafunika, ndipo anaigulitsa. Kwa zaka 14 zotsatira, malowa anagonjetsedwa ndi anthu atatu, omwe omalizira awo anakhala Major General Dmitry Alekseevich Stolypin. Agogo aamuna omwe adakonzanso ufumu wa Russia sanakhalitse m'deralo - chaka chimodzi atatha kupeza, adafa. Ekaterina Arkadevna ali ndi mkazi wake wamasiye.

Wandakatulo wamng'ono ndi wokonzanso wamkulu

Osati ambiri amadziwa, koma Stolypins anali ofanana ndi a Lermontovs. Kotero, kwa Ekaterina Arkadevna, pamodzi ndi agogo ake aakazi adakhala kuti apumule ndipo adakalipobe Misha wa zaka 15. Mu malo omwe anakhalamo zaka zinayi, kuyambira 1829 mpaka 1832, ndipo panthawiyi adatha kukonda chikondi choyamba ndikulemba za ndime zoyambazo. Zolinga zochepa, zomwe zinagwiridwa ndi Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov mu malowa, pambuyo pake zidzasewera gawo lofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya Serednikovo, ngakhale kale kale, koma zambiri panthawiyi.

Otsalira a Stolypins, omwe anali ndi malowa, anali Arkady Dmitrievich, bambo wa womaliza womasulira ufumu wa Russia. Mu moyo wa munthu uyu, ponena za Serednikovo, chiwerengero cha 7 ndi njira yachilendo. Dziwani nokha, pamene Arkasha ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, akudziwana ndi mphwake wake - Misha Lermontov akubwera ku nyumbayo kwa nthawi yoyamba. Mwini mwiniwake Arkady Dmitrievich wakhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri asanabadwe mwana wake Petit. Anakhalanso zaka 7 zoyambirira za moyo wake ku Serednikovo.

Anagulitsa chisa cha achibale Papa Petro Arkadievich Stolypin, yemwe analemba kalatayi, mu 1869.

Chiwonongeko china ndi moyo waumaganizo

Wogulitsa wa gulu loyamba la Firsanov anagula ku Stolypins malo. Mkulu wamalonda wa Pre-Revolutionary Ivan Grigorievich anafuna dziko limene anali atangolandira kumene. Atadula nkhalango kuzungulira malowa, adabweza ndalama zokwana 75,000 rubles, ndipo atatha kugulitsa zipinda zamatabwa komanso zipangizo zamatabwa, adapeza makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi atatu (45,000). Apanso analemba m'mabuku a mbiri ya malo a Serednikovo, mwana wake wamkazi, yemwe adasankha kukhala m'dzikomo kumene anafunkhidwa ndi wansembe.

Vera Ivanovna Firsanova anali munthu wophunzira komanso wodabwitsa kwambiri wazithunzi, chikhalidwe cha Russia chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 chinamuyendera pa ulendo. Fedor Chaliapin, Sergei Rakhmaninov, Julius Konius, Valentin Serov ndi Konstantin Yuon - izi sizowonjezera mndandanda wa mayina a ojambula omwe anabwera ku Firsanov ndi malo. Mwa njira, womaliza, mmodzi wa okonza bungwe la Union of Russian Artists, adakonda nyumbayo kotero kuti adagula gawo la dzikolo ku Vera Ivanovna ndipo adakhazikitsa pansi ndikukonzekera malo ake apa.

Konstantin Fedorovich Yuon adayesedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komabe, monga momwe zinawonetseratu zochitika zina, adakopeka wina wotsatira wa Academy of Arts ya USSR osati kokha kukongola kwa chirengedwe. Wojambula wa Soviet anakwatira komweko, ku Nikitina komweko. Mwini womaliza mwiniwake wa nyumbayo adanyadira kuti malowa anali ogwirizana ndi Mikhail Lermontov ndipo adatsindika kwambiri kugwirizana kumeneku. Kotero, mu 1890 iye adalamula chojambula kuchokera kwa Victor Stember. Wojambulayo adatenga chikhomo cha Oval Hall cha nyumba ya mbuyeyo, chomwe chinali chokongoletsedwa pa zolinga za "Demoni" Mikhail Yurievich. Pa zaka 100 za kubadwa kwa wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu wa ku Russia m'bwalo la manor, chiboliboli cholemekezera chochitika chachikuluchi chinakhazikitsidwa pa malamulo a Vera Ivanovna. Komanso, Firsanova analamula ndakatulo wotchuka Anna Semenovna Golubkina, panthawiyo, kuti asokoneze ndakatulo. Ntchito yomanga zithunzi, yomwe anapangidwa, inachotsedwa ku Paris kupita ku Serednikovo. Komabe, madzulo a nyumbayi sizinakhalitse. Kupandukaku kunalepheretsa Firsanov ufulu wa malowa - adasinthidwa.

M'munda wa mankhwala

Wolemba mbiri woyamba ndi wotsiriza amene anapita ku malowa mu nthawi ya Soviet anali mtsogoleri wa gulu lokonzanso, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Anapuma pa malo omwe anali m'chilimwe cha 1919. Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi atachoka, bungwe loyamba la zachipatala m'mbiri yake linakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a malo. Mu 1925, zitseko zinatsegula malo osungiramo mantha. Icho chinakhalapo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko.

Olemba oyambirira a zaka za nkhondo anali ana. Apainiya "ali ndi mwayi" - mu July 41 zaka ku Moscow iwo adachotsedwa ku msasa "Artek", ndipo kumapeto kwa chilimwe ana adachotsedwanso ku nkhondo - ku Stalingrad. Monga momwe chiwonongeko cha ana osawuka chayamba, sichidziwika bwino, komabe, zomwe zinayesedwa zinali zofunika. M'dzinja, malo a Serednikovo, omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita 25 kuchokera ku likulu, wakhala imodzi mwa njira zotetezera. M'munda wa nyumbayo mulibe malo ozungulira omwe anamangidwa kumeneko, ndipo nsanamira ya kachisiyo dzina lake Metropolitan Alexy inasweka, kuti asakhale malo otetezera zida za Nazi.

Kukonzekera konseku kunathandiza - A German German Serednikovo sanatengerepo, nthawi yayitali asanalowe mu malowo anali sitima ya adani, yokonzedwa ndi kuteteza asilikali ankhondo a Red Army. M'nyumba za nyumbayo munali kale chipatala chachiwiri cha zamankhwala m'mbiri yake - chipatala cha asilikali. Pamene kutsogolo kunasunthika ndipo ndondomeko ya Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu inathyoledwa, zigawenga zinayamba kuphunzitsidwa ku gawo la nyumba yotumizidwa ku Belorussia, yomwe idakalipo ndi Ajeremani. Pamene kufunika kwa likulu la gulu lachigawenga la Republic lino latha, malo a Serednikovo kwa kanthawi kochepa m'mbiri yakale. Chaka chotsatira nkhondo itatha, adakumbukiranso. Bungwe lachitatu la zachipatala linayamba kugwira ntchito pa maziko a malo omwe kale analipo - chiwonetsero cha anti-tuberculosis "Mtsyri" chinatsegulidwa. Zidakhalapo mpaka kugwa kwa Soviet Union, itatha kutsekedwa, nyumba zowonongeka kale za nyumbayo zinasiyidwa kwa zaka zingapo. Dera lina linayamba kupangidwa m'dera la chinyumba cha Stolypins chomwe poyamba chinali chokongola.

Kuwathandiza kupyola mu mibadwo ndi moyo watsopano

Kuteteza ku chiwonongeko chathunthu Serednikovo Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov. Ndipo m'lingaliro lenileni. Gululi, lomwe linatsogoleredwa ndi iye mu 1992, linatenga malo a lendi kwa zaka 49. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo iwo anayamba kutcha malo "Malo a Lermontov - Serednikovo." Mikhail Yurievich, mu funso, ali wamoyo ndipo ali bwino lero. Iye ndi dzina labwino ndi wachibale wapatali wa ndakatulo wamkulu. Gulu loyendetsedwa ndi iye limatchedwa "Lermontov Heritage". Zaka zinayi zomwe mlembiyu adakali aang'ono pa Stolypins adasunga chisa cha makolo awo ku chiwonongeko chathunthu. Woyang'anira zaka khumi anali kugwira ntchito yobwezeretsa nyumbayo. Masiku ano, gulu lonse la park-estate limaonekera pamaso pa alendo mu mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi. Nyumba yapakati ndi mapiko ake anayi a nsanamira zakhala zikubwezeretsedwanso, ndipo izo zikugwirizana ndi mapulaneti. Kumalo ndi munda wakale, ndi khola lamtundu wanzeru. Paki yomwe ili ndi dziwe ndi madokolo (zokongola kwambiri ndi maola anayi "Mdyerekezi"), komanso malo ozungulira ndi masitepe ake amaperekedwa m'njira yoyenera. Zonsezi ndi zotseguka kwa alendo. Malingana ndi malo ena otchuka kwambiri a Lermontov, otchedwa Serednikovo omwe amagulitsa nyumba yake, mukhoza kuyenda ndi kupita ku chipinda chachikulu ndi kachisi. Mpingo, womwe unakhazikitsidwa ndi akalonga a Circassian, umayimilira, ngakhale kuti wasintha pang'ono kuyambira nthawi yomanga. Pa kubwezeretsedwa mu 1860 kwa izo belltower yachitatu yawonjezeredwa.

Pitirirani - ku mbiri yakale

Malo a Serednikovo ndi otchuka osati pakati pa ochita masewerawa, komanso pakati pa oimira filimuyi. Nyumbayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pofuna kufufuza mafunso. Malo a Serednikovo amatha kuwonetsedwa m'mabuku komanso mafilimu monga "Admiral", "Nastya yosauka", "Yesenin", "Sukulu Yotseka", "Zotsatila Zogulitsa Chinsinsi." Malo ambiri, omwe amamangidwa ndi "ojambula mafilimu", oyang'anira nyumbayo amasankha kuti asasokoneze. Pazifukwa zawo, "Wachiwiri Piligrim Porto" anatsegulidwa, omwe angayambitsidwenso ndi abwera onse.

Manor Serednikovo. Kodi mungapeze bwanji malo awa?

Mutha kufika ku malo kuchokera ku Station Leningradsky, pa sitima. Kuzisiya kumatsatira pa pl. Firsanovka, ndiye, mutadutsa njanjiyo, mutenge nambala 40. Pa izo muyenera kupita kuimali yomaliza. Amatchedwa "Sanatorium Mtsyri" ". Pano pali Serednikovo nyumba. Adilesi: Solnechnogorsk bwalo, Moscow dera., Pl. Firsanovka.