Makhalidwe a chitsulo 65h13: katundu, zovuta. Ndemanga za mipeni yachitsulo 65h13

Makampani masiku ano amagwiritsa ntchito yaikulu ya chitsulo. chikhalidwe chawo, komanso zosiyanasiyana nomenclature, alidi kwambiri. Komabe, kumabungwe osiyanasiyana, pali a sukulu ambiri ndi njira za nkhaniyi ntchito zolinga zenizeni kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, makhalidwe a zitsulo 65h13 amati ntchito yake mfundo ulimi wa masamba osiyana. N'chifukwa chiyani ife sankafuniranso? Kuti tipeze yankho, mukhoza kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Zitsulo. Zochita za zosapanga dzimbiri

Ngati wosalira kwambiri, anadziwika monga aloyi chitsulo ndi mpweya. Zambiri mpweya - chitsulo, otsika - lata. "Mediya" boma angatchedwe zitsulo. mitundu zosiyanasiyana anafotokozedwa osati osati kwambiri anapangira chitsulo ndi mpweya monga zowonjezera osiyanasiyana alloying ndi zosafunika zolimbikitsa katundu osiyanasiyana zitsulo.

The katundu wa kasakaniza wazitsulo zimadalira zigawo mankhwala kuti zina mwa zikuchokera yawo ndi zinthu processing kupanga. Nthawi zina gulu zitsulo kupanga, pamene wapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo zopangidwa osiyana, kapena Damasiko, kumene zinthu, pali zingapo mazana a zigawo (chizindikiro chimodzi). Zotsatirazi zigawo optional zikuphatikizapo:

• Ngati chiwerengero cha zina ndi zosakwana 1.5%, tikulankhula za modifiers kuti kusintha mawotchi, thupi ndi mankhwala katundu wa gulu la zipangizo. 1.5% - dopants yopatsa kukana dzimbiri kuti zitsulo.

• Mpweya. Mchitidwe uwu, monga ife tinanena, amapezeka pa mitundu yonse ya kasakaniza wazitsulo, chopatsa chinthu chimodzimodzi ndiponso mphamvu. Owonjezera likukhalira zitsulo chitsulo.

Mwachidule makhalidwe a zitsulo mpeni

Ambiri, kuwonjezera chitsulo, mu dongosolo awo nthawi zonse zikuphatikizapo mpweya ndi chromium. Onani kuti mpweya zitsulo kwa masamba akhoza kukhala osachepera 0.5%. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti zili mulingo woyenera - 1%. Zitsulo, amene kale munali 1,25% mpweya, kukhala okhwima kwambiri, koma osalimba kwambiri. Ngati pali kufunika kwa zinthu mu kapangidwe kake monga vanadium ndi molybdenum.

Komabe, palinso damask zitsulo, zomwe zambiri lili 1.5-2% ya mpweya (mpaka 4% zina). mphamvu zawo mosavuta chifukwa ndi kulipira wapadera ndi tempering luso.

Main alloying m'nyanjazi

Chrome. Kuwonjezera imeneyi kuti kupereka kukana zinthu kuvala, komanso kuthekera oipa ake. Ndithudi, izo zimapanga zitsulo chrome kwenikweni zosapanga. Koma gulu zimenezi zimaphatikizapo monga mtundu wa zinthu, muli osachepera 13% ya zowonjezera ya. Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti umachititsa pafupifupi zitsulo: izo zonse zimadalira zinthu opaleshoni ndi kukhalapo / pakalibe chisamaliro.

Manganese. Iwo amapereka zinthu graininess wapadera ndi kapangidwe, lomwe limathandiza kuti kuwonjezereka lakuthwa mu mphamvu makhalidwe a tsamba, komanso stiffness ake. Pali mawu akuti "kuphedwa zitsulo" zimene zikugwirizana kasakaniza wazitsulo amene patsogolo ndi Kuwonjezera manganese. Onani kuti makhalidwe zitsulo 65h13 (chinthu chimodzimodzi, kuuma wachibale) chifukwa kukhalapo a mtundu umenewu zina.

Molybdenum. Chofunika kwambiri monga zoletsa brittleness ndi fragility wa tsamba, ndi mfundo kupanga umene uli mpweya kwambiri. Chofunika, zitsulo, "mpweya hardenable", ndi mu zikuchokera awo osachepera 1% molybdenum, amene ngati Kuthetsa mtundu zambiri imatheka. Ena amakhulupirira kuti zowonjezera ichi akupereka aloyi kulimba ndi kuuma.

Faifi tambala. Choyamba, aloyi ndi akutumikira kuti atipatse kukhuthala. Kachiwiri, komanso dopant, amene amateteza zitsulo ku dzimbiri. Ambiri, chifukwa kuchotsedwa makhalidwe amenewa zofanana kwambiri ndi molybdenum.

Pakachitsulo. Oddly zokwanira, koma ntchito kupanga tsamba zotanuka ya mpeni. M'mbali zina, katundu wake ali ofanana ndi a manganese.

Bambo Wolfram. otchuka kwambiri ndi opanga mipeni osankhika monga ntchito kwambiri kusintha mtendere wa mankhwala kuvala. Iye amapereka zitsulo ndi kuuma wapadera ndi kukana kutentha ngakhale kwambiri. Ngati tungsten ndi pamodzi ndi molybdenum kapena chromium, nkhani amasandulika "HSS". Digress: tungsten, faifi tambala ndipo molybdenum - kiyi zowonjezera osati kupanga tsamba zitsulo, komanso kupanga thanki zida. sikutheka kuti alidi mkulu khalidwe popanda zinthu izi.

Vanadium. Pamene ambiri zina izi amatipatsa kuuma ndi wolimba. Nkofunika kwambiri mu ulimi wa kasakaniza wazitsulo chabwino-grained. Iwo sikuti ntchito kupanga steels mafoloko ndi mipeni, komanso chitukuko cha yemweyo thanki zida.

Ena amakhulupirira kuti ayenera zimachitika zina ndi asafe, koma maganizo amenewa ndi olakwika: chakuti aloyi iye achoka za mlengalenga, ndi ena tingati pa ntchito yake alibe kenanso.

ballast

Asafe, komanso ena zinthu zina zopezeka mu zitsulo. zinthu amatchedwa ballast. Komabe, nthawi zina iwo akali mwadala anawonjezera kuti aloyi zikuchokera, monga ena a iwo amatha kusintha ntchito zake. Ena (sulfure ndi phosphorous, mwachitsanzo) iyenera kukhala pano mu aloyi ndi: zili okha mfundo angapo.

Kodi ife tonse utoto? chakuti inu kukhala bwino za makhalidwe ambiri a steels mpeni, monga ambiri a iwo kwenikweni, osati m'kupita Mwachitsanzo, pa kasakaniza wazitsulo ntchito yopanga boilers, kapena chinachake chonga izo. Choncho, nthawi zina zitsulo kalasi 65h13, katundu wa amene anafotokoza pansipa, chifukwa okhutira mkulu wa phosphorous ndi sulfure amakhala zosafunika kwambiri kwa kupanga mipeni.

ndi zitsulo yabwino yopanga mipeni chiyani?

Choncho amene mtundu bwino yoti yopanga mipeni? zotenga kwambiri funso, popeza yankho zikwi ndipo palibe kugwirizana (ndipo sindingathe). Zikudalira njira lakhala ndi kuwamaliza. Ngakhale zitsulo kwambiri akhoza lidzasanduka chidutswa cha slag n'kulakwa idawumitsidwa. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti ambiri abwino chifukwa ambiri a zikhalidwe ndi masamba anapanga chitsanzo gulu: Carbide "masaya" ndi wofatsa zitsulo pachimake.

Koma ndi lyrics, chifukwa ndife chidwi ndi mtundu zakuthupi. Zitsulo 65h13 Today tikambirana, monga ake 97% ya opanga zoweta ntchito mipeni.

mwachidule

Ichi ndi ambiri ndi galimotoyo zoweta zitsulo oyenera kupanga mipeni. Letter "X" pakati pa dzina limasonyeza kuti zikuchokera nkhaniyo ali chromium, zomwe zimachititsa kuti Osamva kuti dzimbiri. Nthawi zambiri, zitsulo ntchito popanga zipangizo zachipatala ndi zipangizo makampani chakudya. Mipeni ku komanso analandira yabwino kwambiri quality, ngakhale ena anganene mwamsanga tupyatsya.

Mtundu wapadera wa zitsulo amakhala ndi 65h13? Akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa mipeni iye mulibe dzimbiri nthawi (ngati ayi kuganizira anthu ankhanza chilengedwe mankhwala). N'zosadabwitsa kuti pafupifupi uthunthu wonse mipeni zoweta kupanga izo kuchokera nkhaniyi. Tikumbukenso kuti makhalidwe a zitsulo 65h13 ali pafupi kwambiri ndi American mtundu 425mod. Ndi Kuthetsa zida zabwino zonse onetsani zotsatira zabwino.

kulimba

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, koma ngakhale zoweta mafani mipeni zina kosiyana kusagwirizana pa kuuma wa zitsulo. Wina amaona kuti "zofewa", pamene ena amanena ponena za iye "kuuma mkulu" kapena "pafupifupi" ntchito. Choncho mmene zinthu kwenikweni? Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane za mfundo ambiri.

Mu dziko Rockwell mayunitsi ntchito mamasulidwe a kuuma, akusonyeza kuti pali zoti wamba HRc. Tikumbukenso kuti chizindikiro yabwino masamba ndi 40 mpaka 60 mayunitsi, mmene zitsulo ndi kuuma abwino ndi zabwino zida ntchito ku mayunitsi 52 58. Ngati wopanga walitenga 60 kapena kuposa Hrc, ayenera kukhala tcheru: mwina pamwamba kalasi mankhwala, kapena banal chilekano angathe wogula.

Choncho kodi makhalidwe a 65h13 zitsulo? Akatswiri amanena kuti pa woyenera tempering kuuma ake 56-59 HRC. Softness apa ndipo alibe fungo. Nanga nkhani dzimbiri ndi zofewa ndi kuvala mofulumira? Ndi yosavuta.

Apa ndi banal chikhalidwe cha ulimi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti opanga oipa samapereka chidwi kwambiri tempering ndi annealing. Komanso, chigweranso kuti zitsulo 65h13 si ntchito konse, koma m'malo amachita monga mtundu 20x13. kuuma ake oipa mayunitsi 45-48 chabe. Apa ndipo pali nkhani za "softness" wa zitsulo, amene ali weniweni Mbali - 56-59 HRC Rockwell mayunitsi!

Mwachidule, kutseka nkhaniyi. Kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse - zitsulo 65h13 (ndemanga mipeni imene tikambirana pansipa) ndi mokwanira wotchipa ndi wamba, koma ndi olimba (koma osati kwambiri khalidwe). Zofunika! Dziwani kuti kalit nkhaniyi ndi kuwumitsa zoposa 57 mayunitsi Rockswell kunyumba sikuthandiza, chifukwa chakuti tsamba ukhoza kuyamba kutha pansi pa katundu.

benefiti

Ntchito m'mphepete mwa masamba si sachedwa zisamayoyoke, ngakhale ntchito kwambiri, ndi kusunga mpeni komanso anaŵerama kwambiri ndi tokhala. Chifukwa kupanda khalidwe zitsulo zinthu alloying tsamba chidzakula yosamveka m'malo mofulumira, koma zingabweretse ndipo mwamsanga. Kumene, chifukwa chosowa yemweyo zowonjezera katundu tribological a kalasi imeneyi zitsulo si zabwino kwambiri, koma iwo ali bwino kuposa kanjedza zofanana kwenikweni mitundu zofewa.

Koma amayenda ulendo odziwa ndi okonda mipeni kunena za ubwino winanso wa aloyi ichi ndi mipeni mwa izo. Popeza zikuchokera zinthu izi zayamba palibe dopants omwe amapeleka mwai mphamvu (onani m'munsimu), kasinthidwe geometrical wa tsamba kungakhale mwamtheradi iliyonse. 65h13 izi (ndemanga kunena chinthu chomwecho) akuyerekeza akutsutsana ndi sukulu "akatswiri" wachitsulo ndi amene njira imeneyi si ntchito.

Mipweya ya chitsulo

Kumbukirani zimene tinakambirana za kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino? Tinakambirana zosiyanasiyana zina kuti akhale alipo mfundo mipeni. Kodi zitsulo 65h13? Reviews amasonyeza kuti mfundo imeneyi sikuli kwa gulu osankhika, ndi malongosoledwe ndi yosavuta. Kukhala kosavuta kumvetsa, tingowerenga tebulo, zomwe ife azipereka pansipa.

mpweya	chrome	manganese	molybdenum	faifi tambala	pakachitsulo	sulfure	phosphorous	selenium
0,65	13	1	0,75		1	0,03	0,04	0,75

Ndiko kusiyana pakati pa zitsulo 65h13. Makhalidwe (mayankho dalila iwo mwachindunji) akusonyeza kuti wa dopants onse Pankhaniyi, zambiri zokwanira, pali chabe chrome. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri dzimbiri kukana. Ndi mphamvu ndi misozi ndi kufunika Kukulitsa pafupipafupi chifukwa chosowa zina zapadera.

Zofunika! Tebulo limasonyeza kuti mtundu 65h13 (maganizo amene timakhala tikulingalira) ndi sulfure pang'ono ndi phosphorous. Koma! M'masitolo kwathunthu Chinese luso amene anapanga (monga osachepera) wa dzimbiri, womwenso oposa 0,06% sulfure ndi phosphorous. Ndi zoipa kwambiri, chifukwa cha kuwuma 65h13 zina timapitiriza zotsatira zoipa zosafunika izi kwa zinyalala.

Choyamba, Chinese kale zambiri overheat mpeni. Choncho, izi zimabweretsa zisamayoyoke tsamba. Kachiwiri, okhutira mkulu zosafunika awa zoipa amatsogolera kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu chiopsezo wovulala ozizira mpeni, ngakhale pamene pafupifupi mwamphamvu katundu. Mwa njira, pa nuance izi zimatengera pa zosayembekezereka wa namtindi wa ndemanga negative.

Mwachidule, ife kachiwiri fotokozani kuukira, zomwe poyera zitsulo 65h13 (makhalidwe) ya Chinese .Nozh aloyi, ngakhale iye, ndipo unazokotedwa dzina la mtundu, si nkhani yamasewera! Mwatsoka, ambiri wosadziwa alendo, asodzi, alenje kwathunthu kuyiwala za Mlengi ankaona amachititsa tsamba wosweka kuti dambo pa kwambiri mtundu wa zitsulo, ngakhale mu nkhani iyi, ndi chochita.

Reviews mipeni

Monga mukuonera, maganizo a mipeni a aloyi ndi zokwanira. Ndipo ambiri a ndemanga onse zabwino ndipo kwambiri negative. Zimayambitsa anthu ndi zina m'malo tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane pamwamba, choncho mfundo chonse simusowa kuti asiye. Tiyeni tikambirane za mipeni munthu wa zitsulo, ndilo zimachitikira kwambiri anthu asodzi zoweta, pickers bowa ndi alenje.

"Chimbalangondo"

makhalidwe Common monga:

• The okwana kutalika ndi 23,5 masentimita.

• M'litali tsamba molunjika - 11,5 cm.

• tsamba m'lifupi ndi 28 mm.

• Tsamba makulidwe - 2.8 mm.

Mpeni ali okonzeka ndi chogwirira ndi wandiweyani (3.3 cm), umene kupsa bwinobwino dzanja si kuzembera, ngakhale Thukuta munthu. zina kuchokera opanga osiyana amasiyana. Choncho, nthawi zina, tsamba ali unazokotedwa mu mawonekedwe a chimbalangondo, pamene opanga ena alibe kuchita zimenezi.

Monga ulamuliro, palibe alonda tsamba, koma opanga ambiri Komanso amatchula kuthekera unsembe wake (wa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali). Nthawi zonse, chogwirira unapangidwa mtedza, koma njira za ubwenzi ndi osiyana (Nthawi zambiri ochiritsira riveting).

Komabe, ife tili nacho chidwi. N'zochititsa chidwi mpeni 65h13 "Tengelelani" ogula ngati za izo kulankhula anthu apanga chinthu chiyani? Choyamba, iwo ngati mtengo: kuyambira 1350 rubles mu "akonzedwa m'munsi" wopanda frills ndiponso zitsulo zamtengo wapatali mu mapeto. Pakuti ndalama izi, kuweruza ndi ndemanga, iwe mpeni wangwiro ntchito panja, amene ali m'munda akhoza mukhale pafupi "pamwala."

Popeza kutalika tsamba kupsa mu malamulo apolisi, zikwanje "Tengelelani" si. Anthu ambiri ngati yosavuta, popanda mizere lakuthwa, yokhota kumapeto, ndi Masamu kudula mbali. Pakuti mpeni zosavuta kusamalira. Nkofunika pamene kugula amamvetsera ngati amapanga makamaka stinted yachibadwa msomali nsinga. Tikayang'ana ndemanga, kawirikawiri wolapadi. Komanso mwamphamvu amalangiza kusankha chitsanzo ndi Garda ena opanga kusamalira si mtundu wabwino kwambiri, ndi dzanja kupaka magazi kapena mafuta, akhoza kuzembera pa akadaulo.

Pachifukwa ichi, Mpofunika kugula "Tengelelani" ndi birch chogwirira, chifukwa dzanja lake pafupifupi sanali kolemba.

"Amabereka"

Munthu wina wa mpeni "Zoo." Mosiyana ndi mitundu yapita, ndi ukumu wa kusema. Monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, chitsanzo angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsamba. Zambiri onse angathe maina chogwirira nkhuni, kuchokera onse a mtedza zomwezo wenge ndi miyala ina Gourmet. Mpeni kwambiri "Amabereka" 65h13 ali ndi makhalidwe awa:

• The okwana kutalika ndi 27 masentimita.

• Tsamba - 14.5 masentimita.

• Akunena kwa tsamba m'lifupi, umene uli wofanana 42 mm.

• The lonse zikuphatikizapo chikopa m'chimake.

Monga mukuonera, miyeso ya mpeni ndi wamkulu kuposa zimene "Ikirani." N'chifukwa chake makamaka wotchuka ndi asodzi ndi alenje amene amakonda forays yaitali mu nkhalango: kuweruza ndi ndemanga, anthu amachita chidwi ndi tsamba yaitali, zomwe zili zokhala nyama. Ngati zonse mipeni ena zitsulo 65h13, blunts ndi mofulumira ndi ntchito katundu, koma monga msanga tochitsya. Pankhaniyi, monga yapita nthawi zotheka kusamalira chipangizo yosavuta kumva.

Nthawi zina, opanga kuti kukopa "aesthetes" zomukopa ndi mpeni uwu zinthu zosowa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, n'zotheka kuti akakomane "Amabereka" ndi ❖ kuyanika wa titaniyamu ndi mafunsidwe tungsten, ndipo masamba yokutidwa kupereka pafupifupi onse opanga. Ndicho basi lothandizadi mipeni awa ali pafupi ziro.

ogwiritsa odziwa kuti iwo utsi (phunziro ntchito chenicheni), Mulimonsemo adzakhala zinadulidwa ndi abrasions. Chifukwa, mpeni ndi monga Panda ndi: kusinthana mbali lonse ndi katungulume wa tsamba sichitsata kwambiri aesthetically zokondweretsa. Komanso, mtengo wa mipeni lolingana: ngati mwachizolowezi "Amabereka" ili mkati 1,800 rubles, ndi "Gourmet" mungachite, izo zimachitika, amagulitsidwa kwa 10 zikwi, ndipo ngakhale mtengo kwambiri.

Mwa njira, za tidaipanga. Izi makamaka "opambana" Zitsulo 65h13? "Kizlyar" - kuti makamaka bwino wosasamala Mlengi. Ndiko kunena kuti, "nambala wani" malinga ogula ndi. ZIMAKHALA Amateurs mipeni amati kizlyarovskie "Tigers" ndi "Kunakhala" zimaonetsa bwino bwino a mtengo ndi khalidwe.

Kodi wina mpeni zitsulo 65h13? Ndemanga za ena zitsanzo ndi chidwi kwambiri?

"Hunter"

pempheroli, monga dzina lake likunenera, lolunjika pa alenje. Mpeni mizere osiyana, mitundu ina mwano. Wangwiro skinning ndi kudula sing'anga kukula masewera. Makhalidwe waukulu ali motere:

• The utali wonse wa 25,8 masentimita.

• Tsamba kutalika ndi 13,6 masentimita.

• M'lifupi tsamba zimasiyanasiyana, malingana ndi Mlengi, kuchokera 4.2 kuti 4.6 masentimita.

• tsamba makulidwe - 3,0 mm.

Mofanana ndi mitundu ina, akhoza kupangidwa mu Mabaibulo chokongoletsedwa, pamene ntchito kutsirizitsa kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi nkhalango wapatali. Komabe, mpeni wamba "Hunter" 65h13 palibe osiyana mitundu "osankhika" (kupatula pa mtengo, kumene). A zosiyanasiyana ndalama ochiritsira za imodzi ndi theka rubles zikwi.

Kodi amakopa tsamba la ogula kuthekera? Choyamba, ndemanga amasonyeza maonekedwe wokongola. Kachiwiri, makasitomala chidwi ndi tsamba Masamu ndi abwino zolinga kusaka. Kodi pali aliyense mpeni 65h13, chidwi akatswiri? Inde, ndithudi.

"Vityaz"

Nthumwi ambiri masamba onse pamwamba. Nazi mbali yake yaikulu:

• Total kutalika - 31,5 cm.

• Tsamba kutalika kwa 19,5 masentimita.

• tsamba m'lifupi - 32 mm.

• tsamba makulidwe - 4.5 mm.

A chuma milandu onse zina - chitsulo 65h13. Features: Mpeni "Vityaz", monga momwe taonera, umenewu nsikidzi zipangizo tione. Pa nthawi yaitali, tapering m'munsi mwa tsamba unazokotedwa ndi golide chizindikiro cha kampani yopanga makamaka. Nthawi zambiri, kunja maganizo mpeni kwambiri ngati lupanga, kapena ngakhale Roma Gladius.

Ogula kuona kuti simuyenera ntchito m'munda, ngati wokongola mwina akudwala mavuto a zachilengedwe. Komanso, mtengo wa rubles 10 zikwi mwanjira subala kugwiritsa ntchito "Vityaz" kudula nsomba kapena nyama, osati kutchula "chete kukasaka" chifukwa bowa. Koma uwu uli wangwiro mphatso kwa okonda.

Ndiko kusiyana pakati pa 65h13 mpeni zitsulo. Monga mukuonera, pa mtengo wotsika ali ntchito yabwino kwambiri kuti amalola kuti nkhaniyi kwambiri ntchito masamba, zimene si dzimbiri, si kutha, akhoza wakuthwa pafupifupi aliyense bar. Izi zipangitsa kufalitsa awo lonse mwa anglers m'dera ndi alenje.