Lime icicle. Kupanga stalagmites ndi stalactites

Alendo kumapanga a Karst akhoza kuona zosiyana ndi zokongola zawo - gulu la stalactites ndi stalagmites. Amakula milu yowopsya ndikupanga magulu akuluakulu. Kodi mumadziwa kuti zonsezi ndi ziti? Kodi zimapangidwa motani ndipo zimasiyana motani?

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zofunikira. Chifukwa chake mapanga ali karstic

Kutalika kwa dziko lapansi kuli kosiyana kwambiri. Pakati pa mapangidwe a nthaka ndi nyanja ya padziko lapansi, miyala yambiri ndi mchere zinakhazikitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yaphalaphala yomwe imatentha ndi kutentha kunayambitsa maonekedwe a basalt ndi granite. Koma miyala yamadzimadzi yosungunuka, monga chimbudzi, choko kapena gypsum, inakhazikitsidwa pansi pa zinthu zochepa kwambiri. Mamiliyoni a zaka, madzi akhala akusokoneza ndi kutsuka miyalayi, kusiya zinyama zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Kotero panali mapanga, omwe anayamba kudziwika kuti karst. Chowonadi ndi chakuti Karst ndizopanda kanthu m'kati mwa thupi. Ambiri mwa mapanga odziwikawa ndi a karst. Komabe, njira zina za mapangidwe a mphanga zimadziwika, koma palibe stalactites kapena stalagmites mwa iwo.

Kodi mawu akuti "stalactite" ndi "stalagmite"

Mawu akuti "stalactite" ndi "stalagmite" adayambitsidwa ndi Danish Wormist Ole Worm. Izo zinachitika mu 1655. Zonsezi zikutanthauza Chigiriki. Stalactite imamasuliridwa ngati "kuyendetsa ndi dontho." Ndiko kuti, ndi mtundu wa makina owerengeka omwe akupachikidwa kuchokera padenga la karst. Mapangidwe am'mapangidwe nthawi zina samakhala ndi miyala yamchere, koma ndi miyala ina. Mu mawonekedwe, stalactites amafanana ndi chipale cha iceicicles, fringe, micheka yochepa kapena mapiri omwe ali ndi mano ambiri.

Stalagmite yomasulira amatanthawuza "kutaya". Ichi ndi inflorescence yamchere (calcareous) icicle, yomwe imakula kuchokera pansi pa phanga ndi cone kapena column. Nthaŵi zina chimanga chachikulu cha stalagmite si thanthwe laimu, koma gypsum kapena mchere. Koma izi sizichitika kawirikawiri.

Ndondomeko ya maphunziro

Maonekedwe ndi miyeso ya kukula kwa mabala ndi icicles amadalira kukula kwa phanga ndi malo ake. Ngakhale mu thanthwe lakutali kwambiri muli ming'alu ndi michere, yomwe madzi amalowa m'mapanga a Karst. Mvula ndi chisanu ziyenera kugonjetsa njira yayitali ndi yovuta, kutsuka calcium ndi zipangizo zina panjira. Ma pores omwe mchere umalowa nawo ndi ochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, madzi samathamanga mitsinje, koma amaphwa kuchokera padenga la mapanga. Dontho lililonse limanyamula miyala yochepa kwambiri (makamaka miyala yamagazi). Kenaka dontho limasanduka, ndipo thanthwe litasungunuka mmenemo limakhala pamwamba kapena kugwa pansi. Motero, chiwerengero cha calcareous icicle, chomwe chimapachikidwa pansi pa chingwe, kapena chiwonetsero cha pansi, chikukumana kukakumana. Chotsatira chake, phanga likupeza mawonekedwe osamvetsetseka-osangalatsa, akubala nthano za dziko lapansi.

Ngakhale kuti ndondomekoyi ikupita paliponse malinga ndi momwemo, palibe mapanga ofanana nawo padziko lapansi. Komanso, "holo" iliyonse m'phanga ndi yapadera. Chilengedwe sichiloleza kubwereza.

Liwiro la maphunziro

Mapangidwe a stalactites ndi stalagmite ndizochitalika. Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma asayansi, kukula 1 masentimita, iwo amafunikira zaka pafupifupi 100. Mlingo wa kukula umadalira kufulumira kwa dontho, chinyezi cha mpweya wa intra-cavity, kutentha ndi momwe zimakhalira miyala yotha. Kuwerengetsa bwino kwa kukula sikungapangidwe. Poyesera kufufuza magulu a asayansi analandira zotsatira zotsutsana zomwe zinali zosatheka kuzibweretsa ku "chipembedzo". Popeza kuti deta yoyamba, monga kukula kwa dontho, kutalika kwa kugwa, kuchuluka kwake kwa madzi, kutentha kwa madzi, ndi zina zotero, zakhala zikusintha nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina ma calcicous icicle amasiya kukula kwa zaka mazana angapo.

Kodi stalactites ndi stalagmites zingawoneke bwanji?

Nthawi zonse sitima zapamtunda zimakhala zazikulu komanso zazikulu kuposa stalactites, chifukwa miyala yonse yomwe imabwera ndi madzi ikuyenda pamakoma, kumaliza kumanga. Kuwonjezera apo, stalactites nthawi zina amagwera pansi pa kulemera kwawo, ndi stalagmite - osati.

Ngati kuyenda kwa madontho a madzi sikudodometsedwa, "weld" ya stalaitite ndi stalagmite kumalo ozungulira pansi. Izi calcareous icicle amatchedwa stalagnate. Nthawi zina kusokonezeka kumakula palimodzi ndikugawaniza zipinda ndi makina othandiza.

Pa mapanga omwe amapezeka m'mapanga, stalactites ali ngati mawonekedwe omwe amapanga zitsulo. Zitha kukhala zosalala komanso zosavuta. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa mapanga ambiri omwe simudzawawona, stalactites onse adzakhala osiyana.