Lachiwiri, 244 - ndi supersonic ndege

Anthu anayamba adziwe kumwamba wamphamvu, nthawi zonse amayesetsa kusintha ndegeyo kuti iwo odalirika kwambiri, mofulumira kwambiri capacious. Mmodzi wa zoyambitsidwa kwambiri nzeru za anthu kumbali iyi ndi supersonic ndege anthu. Koma, mwatsoka, kupatulapo yosowa kwambiri pa zinthu zidzatsekedwa kapena panopa pa siteji kusodza. Limodzi ntchito ngati ndi supersonic ndege zonyamula Lachiwiri-244, zomwe tikambirana pansipa.

mofulumira kuposa phokoso

Koma ife tisanayambe akulankhula za Lachiwiri-244, tiyeni titenge ulendowu mwachidule mu mbiri ya anthu kugonjetsa nayenso liwiro la phokoso, chifukwa ndege adzakhala kupitiriza mwachindunji kafukufuku wa sayansi ku dera limeneli.

mphamvu yofunika kuti pakhale ndege zapatsidwa kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Ndi pamene pali mapangidwe lenileni la ndege injini ndege angathe imathamanga wononga kwambiri. Popeza theka lachiwiri la 40 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, iwo anali mwachangu adzakhala analandira onse pankhondo yachiweniweni ndege.

Ntchito yotsatira inali kudzapeza pa liwiro la ndegeyo. Ngati inu mumapita kunja pa chotchinga supersonic sikunali kovuta, kungodzitanganitsa injini mphamvu, mkuyera panali vuto lochuluka, popeza malamulo a aerodynamics imathamanga anthu zosiyanasiyana.

Komabe, kupambana koyambirira pa mpikisanowu ndi mkokomo anali akwaniritsa mu 1947 ndege experimental American, koma massively ntchito luso akupanga sanayambe mpaka mapeto a 50 - oyambirira 60 ntchentche za XX atumwi ndege zankhondo. Pali kupanga zitsanzo monga MiG 19, North America A-5 Vigilante, Convair F 102 Delta zigawenga ndi ena ambiri.

Zonyamula supersonic ndege

Koma ndege yapachiweniweni sikudali kutero mwayi. Woyamba supersonic ndege zonyamula anaonekera yekha mu 60s mochedwa. Ndipo pa nthawi iwo unalengedwa awiri okha siriyo chitsanzo - Union Lachiwiri 144 ndi Franco-British "Concord". Amenewa anali lililonse wautali kwambiri kuposa ndege. Lachiwiri 144 anali mu ntchito kuchokera m'chaka cha 1975 mpaka 1978, ndi "Concord" - kuchokera 1976 mpaka 2003. Choncho, pa nthawi si ntchito, palibe ndege supersonic ndi magalimoto anthu.

Pakhala ambiri ntchito yomanga ku supersonic ndi ndege hypersonic, koma ena a iwo m'kupita anatseka (Douglas 2229, Super-Caravelle, T-4, ndi ena.), Ndipo kukhazikitsa ena anatambasula kalekale (Chisoni Zipangizo A2, SpaceLiner, Kenako Generation Supersonic Transport). Yotsirizira lokhudza ndege Lachiwiri-244 ntchito.

Start chitukuko

ntchito lopeka ndege, yemwe ankayenera kuti m'malo Lachiwiri 144 Tupolev anayamba m'nyengo Soviet, kumayambiriro 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Pamene kupanga ndege watsopano, okonza ntchito kamangidwe ka kuloŵedwa m'malo, "Concord", komanso zipangizo za anzake American amene anachita nawo ntchitoyo. Zochitika zonse akutsatiridwa motsogozedwa ndi Alekseya Andreevicha Tupoleva.

Mu 1973, ndege imene inkatchedwa Lachiwiri-244.

zolinga ntchito

Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito iyi kulenga mpikisano moona supersonic ndege kwa magalimoto zonyamula poyerekeza ndege subsonic ndege. Pafupifupi ntchito kokha woyambawo pa iwowa anali phindu mu liwiro. Mu mpumulo wa ndege supersonic anataya mpikisano awo pang'onopang'ono. Wodutsa magalimoto pa iwo basi sanali kulipira ndalama zambiri. Kuwonjezera flights iwo anali oopsa chabe ndege ndi injini ndege. Chinthu otsiriza, poyamba anali chifukwa boma ntchito ya anaimitsidwa woyamba supersonic Lachiwiri 144 chabe miyezi yochepa unayambira.

Motero, njira yothetsera mavuto amenewa, ndipo adaperekedwa kwa kutukula ya Lachiwiri-244. ndegeyo ayenera kukhala odalirika, kudya, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, kugwira ntchito kuti akwaniritse okwera anali kukhala yosafuna.

makhalidwe luso

Lachitsanzo yomaliza ya Lachiwiri - 244 anavomera mu kamangidwe anali kukhala followings luso ndi makhalidwe ntchito.

The gulu la yonyamula ndi nakhala anthu atatu. mphamvu mkati anatengedwa pa mlingo wa okwera 300. Komabe, mu Baibulo chomaliza cha polojekiti kuti anali kudula kwa anthu 254, koma Mulimonsemo zinali zazikulu kwambiri kuposa ya Lachiwiri 154, malo okwana okwera 150.

Anakonza ikuthamanga kwambiri anali 2.175 zikwi. Km / h, amene ali wamkulu kuposa kawiri liwiro phokoso. Yerekezerani chizindikiro chomwecho pa Lachiwiri 144 anali wofanana 2,300 zikwi Km / h ndi "Concord" - .. 2,125 zikwi km / h. Kuti ndi ndege inakonzedwa kuchita pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuposa zimene zinawonongedwa, koma chifukwa ichi, kwambiri kuonjezera mphamvu, umene ukuyenera kupereka phindu zachuma ku mayendedwe a anthu. Movement anapereka anayi turbofan engine. Osiyanasiyana ndege la ndege yatsopano kukhala 7500-9200 Km. Katundu mphamvu - matani 300.

Ndege ayenera kutalika 88 m, kutalika kwa 15 m, phiko zikulilima zinali 45 mamita ndi padziko dera ogwira - 965 mamita ^2.

Waukulu kusiyana kunja pakati pa ndege zatsopano kuchokera Lachiwiri 144 amayenera kusintha dongosolo mphuno.

chitukuko anapitiriza

zomangidwazo ya kumanga yonyamula supersonic wa m'badwo wachiwiri wa Lachiwiri-244 anatenga m'malo yaitali motero ndipo kangapo lasintha kwambiri. Komabe, ngakhale pambuyo kugwa kwa Soviet Tupolev sanaleke chitukuko umenewu. Mwachitsanzo, kale mu 1993, mpweya amasonyeza mudziwe zambiri pa chitukuko chaperekedwa mu France. Komabe, mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dziko muno zaka 90 sanathe koma bwanji za tsogolo la polojekiti. Ndipotu, tsoka lake zii, ngakhale kapangidwe ntchito anapitiriza, ndi malipoti boma la kutsekedwa ake sanali. Iwo anali pa nthawi ino, ntchitoyi anayamba mwachangu agwirizane akatswiri American, ngakhale kulankhula ndi iwo anali mu masiku a USSR.

Kupitiliza kafukufuku galimotolo supersonic yonyamula wa m'badwo wachiwiri mu 1993, awiri Lachiwiri 144 anatembenuka pansi kwa zasayansi chakuwuluka.

Tsekani kapena amaundana?

Against maziko a chitukuko kupitirirabe ndipo amanena kuti mu 2025 ndege Lachiwiri-244 adzabwera mu machitidwe a ndege yapachiweniweni kuchuluka mayunitsi 100, lodabwitsa kwambiri anali kusowa ntchito mu pulogalamu boma kuti chitukuko cha ndege zaka 2013-2025. Amene anavomerezedwa mu 2012 . Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti msonkhano analibe nambala ya zochitika zina zikuluzikulu zomwe mpaka nthawi imeneyo ankatengedwa zingamuthandize makampani a ndege, Mwachitsanzo, supersonic malonda ndege Lachiwiri-444.

Zimenezi akhoza kunena kuti Lachiwiri-244 ntchito kapena Adatsekedweratu kapena atapanga kalekale. Zikatero, amasulidwe ndege izi supersonic ndi patatha kwambiri, ndi 2025 n'zotheka. Komabe, sitingazilongole boma pa nkhani sizinagogomezeredwe, kuti masamba munda lalikulu kwa kutanthauzira osiyana.

ziyembekezo

Popeza onse pamwamba, zikhoza ananena kuti ntchito Lachiwiri-244 panopa pa osachepera kuti akuyandama mu mlengalenga, ndipo mwina adatsekedwa. Kulengeza nduna za tsogolo la polojekiti sichinafikebe. Kapena anafuulira zifukwa iye inaimitsidwa kapena adatsekedweratu. Ngakhale kuti akhoza ankaganiza kuti iwo akhoza kukhala kusowa kwa ndalama za boma ndalama Zimenezi, kuipa chuma cha polojekiti, kapena chimene iye akanakhoza chabe mwamakhalidwe lotha zaka 30, ndipo tsopano pa uchimo ndi zambiri zolinga yaitali. Komabe, n'zotheka kuti amukope zinthu zonse zitatu imodzi.

Mu 2014, atolankhani zinalengedwa mfundo za resumption polojekiti, koma mpaka iwo sanalandire chitsimikiziro boma, monga, ndithudi, ndi yotsutsa.

Tikumbukenso kuti chitukuko kunja kwa supersonic ndege zonyamula wa m'badwo wachiwiri sizinathe anafika kumapeto kwa mpikisanowu, ndi kukhazikitsa ambiri a iwo pa funso lalikulu.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamene palibe mfundo boma ndi anthu udindo sayenera kwathunthu kusiya ntchito ya Lachiwiri-244.