Kuyang'ana kumwamba. Minaret - ndichiyani?

The likulu la dera Muslim ndi mzikiti, kumene misonkhano Mulungu ndipo anatumizidwa ku miyambo achipembedzo, ndi pamene izo kawirikawiri ali minaret. Ndi chiyani icho?

Kuyankha funso ili si kophweka, chifukwa ndi dongosolo, kugwira ntchito mwangwiro yothandiza, ndipo ali wopatulika, ophiphiritsa tanthauzo.

Chifukwa kumanga minarets

Mizikiti ndi minarets amasiyana msinkhu, ndi kumalizitsa kukongola. Mumzikiti wamng'ono amangoona chimodzi chokha wodzichepetsa minaret ndi lalikulu malo achipembedzo ndi nsanja anayi, kamodzi kapena kupitirirapo yozungulira nyumba yaikulu.

Pa mlingo chapamwamba pali khonde (nthawi zina awiri kapena atatu), nsungu minaret. Kodi ndi losavuta kumva, podziwa cholinga chachikulu cha pomanga - ndi kulingalira za pakutchulidwa nthawi wokhulupirika pemphero. The yaitali mwauzimu staircase pamwamba wa minaret muezzin limatuluka ndi ku khonde kuwerenga azan - pemphero-amapitako.

Amphamvu mtumiki mawu a mzikiti ndi imafalira kutali kudutsa County, chifukwa kutalika la nsanjayo akhoza kukhala yofunika kwambiri. Makumi asanu ndi ngakhale mamita sikisite - uwu si malire. Mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi mzikiti wa Mneneri Muhammad ku Medina ndi khumi minarets kutalika mamita 105.

Ndipo Hassan Mosque ku Casablanca (Morocco) ndi minaret mamita 210 mkulu. Iye ndi yayikulu kwambiri mdziko Komabe, minaret inamangidwa posachedwapa - mu 1993.

Ngati ife kulankhula za nyumba zakale, amaona kwambiri wapadera Qutub Minar ku Delhi mamita oposa 72 wamtali, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XII. Anamanga kwathunthu cha njerwa izo, ndi mu miyambo Indian amapeza chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli.

Pamodzi ndi nsanja kuitanako kuti minarets pemphero lotsiriza anachita ntchito ina. Pamwamba awo anayatsa nyali kutumikira monga chabwino ndi zounikira oyandikana nawo. Nzosadabwitsa mawu "minaret" amachokera ku mawu a Chiarabu "Manara" - "yowunikira".

Lighthouses mwakhala tsopano ofunika kuwachotsa, ndi mwambo wa mapulagi moto nsanja pafupi zotsalira mzikiti. Makamaka motowo moto ali ndi tanthauzo wopatulika.

A mbiri pang'ono

History of minarets kumagwirizana ndi mbiri ya Islam ndi kulingaliranso masamba ake ulemerero ndi zomvetsa chisoni.

Poyamba, kuti akaitane wokhulupirika kupemphera muezzin anakwera padenga la mzikiti lapansi. Woyamba nsanja yaing'ono zinamangidwa viceroy la Egypt Maslama Ibn Muhalladom pakati pa VII atumwi, pafupi mzikiti wa Amr Ibn Asa. Ngakhale iwo samakonda minarets wathu mwachizolowezi.

The nyumba zakale anali otsika, kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe pamwamba pa madenga a nyumba zikuluzikulu, monga nsanja ya mzikiti waukulu ku Damasiko, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma VIII.

Koma ndi chitukuko cha miyambo ya zomangamanga Chisilamu la kukula ndi mawonekedwe kusintha. Minarets kwambiri "anakulira", anamukwiyira molemera chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli, Zithunzi njerwa akuda ndi matailosi Khoma ndipo inasanduka ntchito yeniyeni ya luso.

tanthauzo wopatulika ndi ophiphiritsa

Ngati tikulingalira minarets ku mfundo wanzeru lingaliro, mawu muezzin a amveka ku khonde mkulu ndi kufalikira bwino zina. Koma osati chosafunikira, kuti mzikiti mtumiki apemphera ndipo amalankhula osati kwa okhulupirira, koma ndi Mulungu, kuyesera kukhala naye paubwenzi. Mu Chikhristu, kwa cholinga chomwecho m'mawa ndi mkulu belu nsanja ndi kulira mabelu.

M'matawuni akale ndi m'midzi ndi nyumba otsika minarets opangidwa kuganiza odabwitsa ndipo anali chophiphiritsa mawu a ukulu wa Mulungu. Likuchuluka, anali ngati ndi olamulira kulumikiza lapansi chivundi ndi thambo wosatha. Iwo akuloledwa kukhudza Mulungu, koma kunali koyenera kukwera yaitali, masitepe phompho - chizindikiro cha chitunda wauzimu. Ndipo sizinali zophweka mokwanira, mwachitsanzo, kukumbukira kuti masitepe Delhi Qutub Minar ali masitepe 379.

Minaret - chizindikiro osati za mphamvu za Mulungu, komanso mphamvu komanso chuma cha olamulira a padziko lapansi. Nzosadabwitsa iliyonse wolamulira Muslim anafuna kumanga mu chuma chawo mzikiti wokongola kwambiri ndi minarets apamwamba.

Pansi pa chizindikiro cha kachigawo ndi

Chipembedzo chilichonse ali zizindikiro ake opatulika. Choncho, pa tchalitchi Mkhristu limatuluka mtanda - chizindikiro cha chiwombolo ndi kuuka kwa Khristu, ndipo pamwamba pake pali kachigawo Muslim mzikiti ndi minaret. Ndi chiyani icho?

Crescent - zofala chizindikiro, ndipo mbiri yake amabwerera kuposa Zakachikwi wina. chizindikiro ichi ankalambira ndi anthu ambiri wakale pamodzi ndi dzuwa, zizindikiro dzuwa. Mwachitsanzo, iye anali kupembedzedwa mafani Artemi ndiponso mulungu wamkazi Ishtar, ndipo kumayambiriro Chikhristu ankaona kuti khalidwe la kachigawo mwa Namwali Mariya.

Kachigawo mwezi minaret anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XV, pa Ottoman. Malinga ndi nthano, Muhammad II pamaso pa adani a Constantinople anaona kumwamba kukalowa mwezi ndi nyenyezi pakati pa nyanga zake. Iye ankaona kuti ndi chizindikiro chabwino, ndipo kenako atchulidwa anayamba kukongoletsa mizikiti ndi minarets.

Komabe, izi zokha nthano, phindu lenileni la kachigawo Muslim, palibe amene akudziwa. Osati popanda chifukwa, osati mbali zonse za Islam amazindikira kuti ndi wopatulika, kukhulupirira chizindikiro chachikunja.

The minarets chinsinsi

olemba mbiri amakono ndi otsutsa amati, ku nyumba iliyonse ya masiku amakedzana ku minaret lapansi. Kodi izo - Sinthani nyumba, otchuka nsanja yaitali ya kachisi Mesopotamia kapena Roma ndime ya Trajan? Kapena mwina mawonekedwe a minaret anakhudzidwa mpikisano Chikhristu, ndi kumanga nsanja pafupi mizikiti mapulani Muslim mosalingalira anakopera belu nsanja ya matchalitchi ambiri aang'ono?

Koma nthawi zambiri, ndi minaret komanso ambiri lalikulu nyumba mapulani - ndi osatha anthu wofuna kuyandikira kwa Mulungu ndi chinthu ngakhale kuti andipeze naye. Ndi chilakolako chimenechi chinachititsa anthu kudzipereka ndi khama kwambiri maganizo nyumba Galeta zidzasintha ndi ukulu wake ngakhale munthu ano.