Komedwe "Nedorosl", yokonzedwa ndi Fonvizin wamkulu m'zaka za zana la 18, sichimaonekera pa masewera aakulu ndi madera ozungulira mpaka lero. Zakhala zikuphatikizidwa kuyambira nthawi za Soviet ku sukulu ya sukulu ya mabungwe onse a mgwirizano ndipo akhalabe ambiri mwa iwo ngakhale atagwa ndi USSR ndikupanga mayiko odziimira. "Satires ya mbuye wolimbika mtima," monga Pushkin wotchedwa playwright wotchedwa, sikuti amangodandaula mwankhanza komanso kunyoza anthu omwe amatsutsana nawo, kusadziwa, nkhanza za olemekezeka, adatcha serfdom ya Russia, komanso adalenga zithunzi zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi maonekedwe, chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo mwamsanga Chimene chafala. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Mayi Prostakova, mayi wa Mitrofanushka.
Malo a munthu wolimba muntchito
Chithunzi cha Prostakova mu comedy chimakhala chimodzi mwa maudindo akuluakulu. Iye ndi mbuye wa nyumbayo, mwini wake wa serfs, wolemekezeka, wamkulu komanso mphamvu ya boma pano mu malo ake. Ndipo izo, ndizo, ndizo chimodzi mwa zikwi zikwi za Russia zopanda malire. Ndipo mavuto omwe amapezeka m'madera ena ndi ofanana ndi dziko lonse. Izi ndizoyamba. Chachiwiri, fano la Prostakova ndi lofunika chifukwa amakula ndi kuphunzitsa mwana wake m'chifanizo chake ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ndipo chirichonse choipa chomwe chiri mwa mayi, chimamera ku Mitrofan mobwerezabwereza. Koma ngati Prostakovs ndi Skotinins ali akale ndi a Russia, ndiye kuti ana awo ndi tsogolo lawo. Ichi ndi momwe Fonvizin ankaganizira ndikudabwa ndi zomwe boma likanati lidzabwere ngati anthu onse osadziŵa a boorish akuyendetsa. Mu chipululu chotani cha Middle Ages iwo adzataya dziko, kuwonongeka kotani, kuperewera kudzabweretsa? Chachitatu, chifaniziro cha Prostakov n'chosangalatsa mwachokha, monga mtundu waumunthu, quintessence wa kalasi ndi makhalidwe oipa.
Kuchokera pa dzina la umunthu
Abambo a Prostakov ndi mwamuna wake. Ndipo iye ndi "simpleton": wofooka-wofuna, wofunidwa wofooka, wopatsidwa udindo kwa mkazi wake ndi woyang'anira nyumbayo, ndi kulera kwa mwana wake. Iye, osacheperapo onse a nyumbayo, amazunzidwa ndi kunyozedwa kuchokera kwa iye, koma samabwera m'maganizo povala munthu wonyansa komanso wodzikonda. Komabe, kutanthauzira dzina lachibadwidwe, chithunzi cha Prostakova chimapeza tanthauzo losiyana la tanthauzo. Kwa anthu "osavuta" (osati "osavuta") amatanthauza "wopusa", "wopusa", "wopusa". Mkazi wokondeka, watalika malire a zaka za Balzac, ndi wonyada kuti ndi wosaphunzira, sangathe kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Komanso, iye amawona kuti izi ndizozoloŵera akazi achikazi. Kotero, mu kuphweka ndi chidziwitso cha moyo, iye amadziwika bwino kwambiri, otetezeka, omwe amatha kukhala olemekezeka kwambiri. Muyezo wathunthu, kudzera mu dzina la banja - Skotinin - chithunzi cha Prostakova chavumbulutsidwa. "Osati Horoscope" ndizosewera zimapangidwa m'njira zambiri malinga ndi zilembo zamasewero, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti owerenga / owonera awonetsetse kuti khalidweli ndilofunika kwambiri. Nthenda ya ng'ombe ya heroine, yosatetezedwe, imadzitemberera yekha kuchokera mzere woyamba pa siteji. Ndipo kupitiriza ntchito ya sewero kukukula, chodziwika bwino ndicho chofunikira cha nyama cha mkazi uyu. Serf yowumitsa, samaganizira antchito ngati antchito, amawombera ndi kuwaponya popanda chikumbumtima. Anthu osauka amadziwononga okha, amawachitira nkhanza kwambiri. Wokonzeka kulimbika kulikonse, ngakhale umbanda, chifukwa cha phindu. Sophia, monga chinthu, apereka mkazi wake kwa mkazi, tk. Nkhumba zochokera kumudzi, zomwe zidatengedwa kuchokera kwa makolo omwe anamwalira ndi cholowa chawo, zimakonda. Pankhaniyi, "Nedorosl" ikuwulula kwambiri. Masewera a zokondweretsa, okhala ndi mzimu wamantha wa Russia, onse ali oipa, monga kusankha! Kutayika mwauzimu ndi malingaliro ndi tsankho la chilengedwe chomwecho, Prostakov kupweteka ndi mwana. Maphunziro ndi maphunziro akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitunduyo, kupereka msonkho kwa mafashoni ndi zosowa zatsopano za chikhalidwe. Ndipotu, "pofuna kulera ana," mwa lingaliro la izi, chikondi cha mzimayi cha mkazi amene amakonda mwana wake, ngakhale zinthu izi sizikusowa. Ndipo wina "chirombo" chimachokera mwa mwana wake, kupandukira amayi ake, iye samamuzindikira aliyense koma iyemwini, wopusa ndi wofuna. Choncho, chigamulo cha serve-serf system yonse ndi mawu otsiriza a ntchito: "Apa pali chipatso chosayenera!"
Zamakono zamakono
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mawuwa adakhala mapiko ndipo adadutsa pamtunda. Kotero ife tikhoza kunena za chitsanzo chirichonse choipa, chinthu chomwe chachititsa zotsatira zofanana. Choncho, nthawi zonse munthu ayenera kuyesetsa kuchita, kulankhula ndi kuchita kuti "zoipa" zathu zisatuluke ndipo sizipereka "zipatso zoyenera"!