Kuti akuimira lofotokozera zitsanzo za ntchito yake mwa zolankhula ndi ntchito zaluso

Expressiveness ndi kukongola chinenero Russian anamusilira Lomonosov, Derzhavin, Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy ndi olemba ena ambiri, olemba ndakatulo, amene ndi ntchito kulenga ali mbali imodzi ndi mawu. Iwo anati mogwirizana ake, olemera, mawu osiyanasiyana, manenedwe patsogolo, kuzipatsa kotero kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zachiwerewere ndi limaonetseratu.

Ankadziwa mfundo

Loimira chodabwitsa zinenero zosiyanasiyana, monga lofotokozera ndi? Zitsanzo tidzakomane zambiri tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo pa luso kulankhula. Ngati mukumva munthu m'malo mwa mawu akuti "mwezi" limatiuza "mfumukazi ya usiku" kapena "usiku yowala" koma mmalo "nyenyezi" - "kukutsogolerani magetsi", "ngale" ndi "placers wapatali" inu mukudziwa chimene chinayang'ana izo ndi anati yaitali. Zojambulajambula, izo allocated kwambiri Agiriki akale, iwo Anamupatsanso tanthauzo la: "kuchita kufotokoza chochitika wina ndi mzake." . Zimenezo ndi fanizo, "wina m'malo mwa" - kotero munyengo phokoso Greek "lofotokozera". Zitsanzo za "mozungulira" (kumasulira kwina-kutanthauzira) N'zosavuta kupeza. Bwanji, ngakhale pempho wotchuka Pushkin kwa nyanja: "Tsalani bwino, free amafotokozera"

Mofotokozera - olembedwa mofotokozera

A njira yosonyezera mawu, amene amatchulidwa mu nkhaniyi, anthu osaphunzira pa luso njira, nthawi zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi ndemanga ndi - mawu, ndi ofanana kwambiri phokoso koma ndi tanthauzo losiyana. Mawu amenewa amanena za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya retelling lemba: mwatsatanetsatane, abridged, ndinazolowera, anakonza kuchokera ndakatulo mu prose, ndi mosemphanitsa. Kwa iye ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndemanga, kuphatikizapo malemba sayansi. Ndithu kopita osiyana wakhala olembedwa mofotokozera. Zitsanzo za mawu ake m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi udindo akuti mu galamala. Onse zochitika zinenero amatchedwa zinthu, zizindikiro, ndi mfundo kuti: "iye" m'malo mwa "munthu" ndi "chimodzi-zida bandit" m'malo mwa "makina opukusa."

wapakamwa expressiveness

Tropes, descriptively kufotokoza ena mfundo mothandizidwa ndi ena, kuphunzira mabuku, pali ndithu kwambiri. Izi fanizo ndi pun, ndi kufanizitsa. Lodziwika Mwa awa ndi lofotokozera. Zitsanzo kuzindikiridwa kucheza ndi m'mabuku, n'zotheka kuti m'kagulu chodabwitsa mu subgroups zomveka mphako. mfundo zachokera pa ofotokoza mfundo momveka, zooneka, zosavuta ubale vychlenimyh pakati zinthu, zochitika, zochitika. Ndipo wophiphiritsa - mu dongosolo koyanjana ndi kaphatikizidwe limasonyeza chobisika. Loimira tawerenga lofotokozera? Zitsanzo chinenero cha Chirasha ndi mwachilungamo mosavuta. Ichi ndi "mkulu ndi wamphamvu wa" A Hero Nthawi "m'malo mwa" Lermontov ", ndi" malo wobiriwira "m'malo mwa" mbewu. " zimasiyanitsa Mbali awo - wamba, mandala lexical tanthauzo, stereotypical sewero.

The luso la mawu

Zingapo wosiyana lofotokozera wophiphiritsa. Zitsanzo kuchokera thandizo mabuku kuwulula zomwenso ake molondola monga momwe kungathekere. Ngati wina wotchedwa Oblomov, zimaonekeratu kuti tili mu malingaliro makhalidwe anthu a ulesi, wosafuna kuti achite chirichonse, osagwira Kuganizira. Plyushkin kale kukhala n'chimodzimodzi ndi kukonda kwambiri chuma ku chiwonetsero ake apamwamba, ndi Moscow mbadwa okamba Russian nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "woyera mwala", ndi St. Petersburg - mawu Pushkin kuti: "chilengedwe Petulo." Pankhaniyi ife sakuchita ndi ndemanga mu maonekedwe ake angwiro, koma ndi coalescence ake ndi tropes ena: mafanizo. nthawi zambiri anagulitsa (T. e. ataya awo kutchulidwa tanthauzo lophiphiritsira), kukodzedwa kapena chobisika.

Awiri mu umodzi

The zambiri zosangalatsa lofotokozera? Zitsanzo m'mabuku ndi kulankhula kutsimikizira ubale wake ndi zina chodabwitsa zinenero - ndi euphemism, zambiri ndendende, ndi imposition wa lingaliro wina ndi mzake. Pamene Zachitikiranji zimenezi? Ngati mukufuna yankhaza, stylistically yafupika mawu m'malo mwa wina, zambiri "wolemekezeka". Mwachitsanzo, mmalo mwa "chifuwa" kulankhula "kuchotsa mmero wake," m'malo mwa "amatulutsa fungo" - ". Kusokoneza mpweya" A wachiwerewere amatchedwa "mkazi wa ukoma zosavuta", "hetaera", "woimira ntchito yoyambilira", "Messalina." The ndondomeko yoyeretsera m'njira za m'mphuno - chinthu chosangalatsa "ntchito mpango," etc. Euphemisms anju mizu chinenero pamene mwachangu kuumba ponseponse wake zolembalemba, panabuka mkangano chifukwa chiyero ndi kulondola ... More Lomonosov chiphunzitso wake wa "atatu bata" anali ndi mzere kwakukulu pakati "kumwamba", "sing'anga" ndi "wochepa" mawu. Iye akhapidziwa kuti zachabe ntchito bwino ndi ophunzira olemekezeka kulankhula chipongwe. Ngakhale ziphunzitso za Lomonosov makamaka nkhawa mabuku, pobereka ndi Mitundu, izo wapeza ntchito linafalitsidwa kwambiri mmadera.

Pali chifukwa chinanso zikamera wa euphemisms: lofotokozera ndi zotengera malingaliridwe ndipo anatsimikiza ndi zinthu achipembedzo ndi cultic. Mwachitsanzo, mmalo mwa "mdierekezi" mu Russia, makamaka pakati pa anthu, anaganiza kuti "chidetso" kapena "oipa." Iye akhapidziwa kuti mayina amenewa kukopa chidwi kwambiri ndi anthu a mizimu, ndi iwo, nawonso, adzakhala si kumvutitsa "miyoyo Mulungu." Mofananamo, anthu wamba sananene mokweza mawu akuti "nyumba" kumuyitana "bwana", "Agogo", "wothandizira." Nthawi zambiri mawu akuti "iye mwini". Iwo anakhulupirira kuti nyumbayo kuti musakhumudwitsidwe mulimonse ndi kuyamba iwo pakostnichat. Ndipo ngati inu mumawatcha "nthawi yomweyo", ndiye kotero inu mukhoza kusangalatsa mzimu, lomwe ndithu kubweretsa nyumba zabwino.