Kutanthauzira, tanthauzo ndi mawu akuti "chitukuko"

N'kodabwitsadi Russian chinenero! Ndipo ndi chuma chake zonse zilipo mu mawu ofanana kwambiri, koma mtengo wa maganizo, chiyambi chawo ndi chosiyana. Choncho, pali mavuto kutanthauzira mawu ena, choncho n'kutheka kuti amalakwitsa mu ntchito chizindikiro makamaka. M'nkhani ino tikukamba panjira ena onse olemera ndi muzu chomwecho naye anati. anachita pamene sacramenti izi? ndi tanthauzo la chitukuko chiyani? ndi tanthauzo Ufumuyo, asayansi a madera osiyana ndi nthawi ya ntchito chiyani? Kodi kuwasiyanitsa ndi mawu ena ofanana ndi iye? mayankho onse angapezeke m'munsimu.

Tiyeni tibwerere ku ndizosowa

Tanthauzo ndi kutanthauzira kwa chitukuko mawu N'zosatheka ndi ulendo mwachidule zakale. Pali ngakhale sayansi - etymology, omwe amachita ndi nkhani imeneyi. chiphunzitso Izi zimathandiza kudziwa zoona, tanthauzo loyambirira la mawu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "kukhala" akusonyeza ngakhale m'madikishonale ya Russian Academy. Mtengo wake anatsimikiza makamaka lagona pa kapangidwe morphological mawu. -vi- muzu amatanthauza kupindika yosavuta, kutanthauza kubala, kumanga kapena kupotoza. Ndipo poyamba, mpaka cha m'ma XVIII, timasamala ndi Mau bwino m'njira atumiza razvertet, rassuchit, apatukane. Monga mawu amene angatithandize kupanga lingaliro la mneni imeneyi, amasonyeza izi: kukhala chingwe plait ulusi. Ndiko kuti, kuyambira m'bandakucha kufalitsa mawu, izo zimatanthauza ndondomeko ya kusintha. Komabe, sitingathe kunena kuti anali motsimikizika za ena patsogolo, patsogolo.

French "Kukwera"

Kumapeto kwa tanthauzo XVIII atumwi a mawuwo anayamba kukhala ndi makhalidwe nacho tsopano. Ichi ndi chifukwa kufalikira mu Russia a Chifalansa. développer okhonda anali kumveka wapamwamba kwambiri, si choncho wamba banal, monga ife tomwe kukhala. mawu awa anayamba ntchito mawu umboni monga kukongola kwa lingaliro. Chinayamba khalidwe, umunthu, malingaliro, maganizo ... Zimene anthu kusintha koteroko wakhala osokonezeka. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi ndiwofatsa okonda mawu otere anayambitsa namondwe wa mtima ndi mkwiyo, kotero iwo anazolowera kwambiri tanthauzo wodzichepetsa wa chitukuko mawu. Tanthauzo la watsopano zinayambitsa mphepo zotsutsa ndi asayansi aakulu, olemba monga dzina lake Aleksandr Semenovich Shishkin. Koma ena anazindikira kuti "limbikani" atangoyamba kumene. Lotanthauza yapangidwa angwiro, anamaliza mlingo wapamwamba, angapezeke mu ntchito za Apollon Grigoriev. Pang'onopang'ono, otanthauzira latsopano kusintha masomphenya watsiku ndi mawu awa. Kukhala njira kuulula nzeru. Tiyeni tikambirane ku mneni wathu manambala oyambirira Xia, ndi kupeza mawu, amene sadazindikira monga lotayirira, untwist. Motero, Dictionary of 1847 kukhala - ndiye kuchulukitsa yoonetsa ukuwonjezeka. Mwanjira imeneyi, iye amagwiritsa ntchito mawu Turgenev ntchito zake.

kusanduka

M'zaka za m'ma XIX mawu "chitukuko" vuto osati olemba ndi akatswiri a zinenero, komanso a nzeru zapamwamba. gulu ili ndi chidwi vs Solovyov ndi zina asayansi Russian. Tsopano chitukuko - n'chimodzimodzi ndi kusanduka. Solovyov analemba kuti lingaliro limeneli kusintha Mkhalidwe, lomwe linachokera ku yeniyeni poyambira ndi anagonjetsa kuti yeniyeni kudziwika chandamale. Ndipo masiku ano mawu akuti "kukhala" akutanthawuza chimodzimodzi mtengo uwu. Asayansi ambiri anapereka tanthauzo yawo ntchito ndi otanthauzira. Choncho kucheza ndi mawu akuti "kukhala" ndi French «développer» tiyeni choyamba kuchitika kokha wamba komanso nzeru zaumunthu, kwachilengedwenso magulu chikhalidwe. Koma ziphunzitso izi zonse kupereka pafupifupi zofanana ndi kumasulira zodabwitsazi. Choncho, chitukuko - ndondomeko yakusintha kayendedwe ka machitidwe kwathunthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kusintha ndi sizingasinthe, zachilengedwe, mbali. Development - ndi mfundo ya kutanthauzira mbiri, chidziwitso anthu, chikhalidwe.

kumvetsa nzeru zaumunthu

Mu sayansi nzeru zambiri ziphunzitso, mfundo, maganizo. za akatswiri osiyanasiyana mudziko anapereka Mabaibulo awo siyana zofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale wakale Greece anazunguzika vuto la Heraclitus. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti zinthu zonse za m'dzikoli ndi dziko palokha alipo, ndi pa nthawi yomweyo alibe izo. duality uyu wa Heraclitus anafotokoza kuti njira ya chitukuko ndi okhazikika. Chirichonse zikusintha, ndi m'kati akuwuka ndi kutha. Mu Plato mawu komanso zachitika khalidwe zazikulu. Mawu amenewa amanena ngati katswiri wa masiku amakedzana kudzifutukula naonetsere onse makhalidwe zingatilepheretse, kuyambira pachiyambi, zilipo zochitika yense ku mpumulo kwa gawo yogwira. chiphunzitso Mechanistic, nayenso ali pansi chitukuko kumvetsa kanthu kena, monga zikuyenda bwino, makamaka kachulukidwe kuwonjezeka chilichonse, kenako okha kusintha kwa Mkhalidwe. Mu nthumwi yowala ya chiphunzitso organic a ku England Herbert Spencer ndi ntchito "amanena chitukuko." Ndi popereka zasokoneza. Pa chitukuko Spencer a - kayendedwe ka nkhani. Iwo amasintha thunthu la incoherent homogeneous mu umodzi, koma wosiyana. Pankhaniyi zoyenda kusungidwa azisinthidwanso. La zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko ndi mawu nzeru Charles Darwin. Iye ndi chiphunzitso wake wonse sayansi inamangidwa.

kusanthula zinenero

Mawu zinachokera zitasinthidwa yosavuta mneni. Ndi manambala oyambirira zikusonyeza mphamvu chikhalidwe cha mawu awa (cf. kuponya, mpando, kuwamasula).

Chinsinsi - mu nkhawa mawu

Komabe si mophweka, kuti - chitukuko. Tanthauzo la mawu zimadalira maganizo. Choncho, ngati imagwera pa syllable choyamba, ndiye tikulimbana ndi participle a. Iwo ali kugwirizana mwachindunji ndi mneni, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa. Mukhale - ndiye, ndiponso pa, kubweretsa Pamlingo waukulu, zimathandiza kuti patsogolo. Apa ife tiri chidwi mawu ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana, koma m'malo limafotokoza kanthu akadali makamaka khalidwe. Pulogalamu mukhoza ndinaganiza, ntchito, luso. Ndipo ankaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito maganizo pa syllable wachiwiri ndi tanthauzo lofanana. Komabe, ngati tikulankhula za chinthu untwisted, kanthu, mawu anayamba ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amadza -and-. Pali wina zosinthika katchulidwe. A tanthauzo losiyana kwambiri ali mawu otukuka. Izi - osati sacramenti, komanso adjective. Izo ntchito tanthauzo mzimu ŵakusanga okhwima, patsogolo wafika mkulu mlingo.

Kodi pali kusiyana?

Kodi Ndizachidziwikire? Kodi sakramentili momveka anayamba ndi adjective patsogolo? Kumasulira mau takambirana pamwambapa, ofanana ndi kufotokoza lingaliro limodzi. Ndiko kuti, ubwino wa mawu amenewa ali pafupifupi ofanana. Kodi kusiyana kwake? Yopangidwa - mgonero. Choncho, liwu limeneli lili ndi katundu wa onse ndi adjective ndi mneni. Ndiko kuti, amachita sacramenti monga ntchito ndi logwirizana ndi mfundo ku mtundu wina wa kanthu. Development, nayenso - ndi adjective. Palibe umboni wa kanthu, pali kufotokoza opatsidwa. kusiyana china chofunika n'chakuti Ukalisitiya nthawi zonse anapanga ku mneni ndi adjective - chabe chachikazi.

kuti adzimvera

Mawu kusanduka amachokera Russian, koma tanthauzo la zikadali ndi mmene chinenero. Ngakhale, oddly mokwanira, chifukwa cha chinthu ichi, ife akhoza kudzitama kuti tingathe kugwiritsa mbadwa, anatulukira ndi makolo athu kuti amatanthauza chinachake kwathunthu kusintha khazikika m'njira malankhulidwe anga. Panopa, kupatula anapitiriza "athu", Russian ndi chiyambi cha mawu. Zikhale anabwereka ofanana matanthauzo kusanduka - ndi kusanduka, patsogolo. Chinthu chachikulu - kuti Chirasha anali moyo, choncho nthawi zonse kuti imveke pa M'madera a zitunda zonse dziko lalikulu, ndi kunja mu nyumba, dera, strata zonse chikhalidwe. Kuteteza chinenero!